Sukhumi Okrug

Sukhumi Okrug

Сухумский округ
Sukhumi Okrug Сухумский округ
	The Sukhumi Okrug in the Caucasus Viceroyalty
	Coordinates: 43°00′15″N 41°02′34″E / 43.00417°N 41.04278°E
Country	Russia
Political status	Okrug
Region	Caucasus
Established	1883
Abolished	1921
Area
• Total	8,621 km2 (3,329 sq mi)
Population (1916)
• Total	209,671
• Density	24/km2 (63/sq mi)

The Sukhumi Okrug, also known as the Sukhum Okrug (Russian: Сухумский округ) was a special administrative okrug (county) in the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, part of the Kutais Governorate from 1883 until 1905. The administrative center of the district was the Black Sea port city of Sukhum (Sukhumi). The okrug bordered the Kutais Governorate to the southwest, the Kuban Oblast to the north and the Black Sea Governorate to the northwest and in terms of its area corresponded to most of contemporary Abkhazia. During 1905-1917 the Sukhumi Okrug was one of the smallest independent (not part of any province or region) administrative units of the Russian Empire, second to the Zakatal Okrug.

History[]

In 1864, when the Principality of Abkhazia was abolished, its territory, along with Tsebelda, Samurzakan, and the former Pskhu community, became the Sukhum Military District (Sukhumsky Voenny Otdel), with a total area of 6,942 square versts and a population of 79,195. Between 1864 and the uprising of 1866, the Sukhum Military District was administratively divided into three okrugs (Abkhaz, Bzyb, and Abzhua) and two pristavstvos (Tsebelda and Samurzakan).^[1]

In 1883, the Sukhum Military District (otdel) became the Sukhum Okrug and was incorporated into the Kutais Governorate.^[2]

In 1905, the Sukhum District (okrug) was removed from the Kutais Governorate and placed directly under the Viceroy of the Caucasus.^[3]

Administrative Divisions[]

The four uchastoks (sub-counties) of the Sukhumi Okrug were:

Gudauta (Russian: Гудаутский участок)
Gumista (Russian: Гумистинский участок)
Kodor (Russian: Кодорский участок)
Samurzakan (Russian: Самурзаканский участок)

Demographics[]

Russian Imperial Census of 1897[]

As of 1897, 106,179 people of various nationalities populated the okrug, with Abkhazians and Mingrelians forming the largest ethnic groups:^[4]

TOTAL	106,179	100%
Abkhazians	58,697	55,28%
Mingrelians	23,810	22,42%
Armenians	6,552	6,17%
Greeks	5,393	5,08%
Russians	5,135	4,84%
Georgians	1,830	1,72%
Turks	1,347	1,27%

Caucasian Calendar of 1917[]

The 1917 Caucasian Calendar which produced statistics of 1916 indicates 209,671 residents in the Sukhumi Okrug, including 127,619 men and 82,052 women, 135,838 of whom were the permanent population, and 73,833 were temporary residents.^[5]

Nationality	Center	Rural	TOTAL
Asiatic Christians^[a]	4,700	98,464	103,164	49.2%
Georgians^[b]	25,156	25,227	50,383	24.0%
Russians	18,890	6,585	25,475	12.2%
Armenians	8,250	12,493	20,743	9.9%
Other Europeans^[c]	1,720	4,928	6,648	3.2%
Turks	2,390	0	2,390	1.1%
TOTAL	61,974	147,697	209,671	100.0%

Notes[]

^ Many Abkhazians and Greeks were included in the number of Asiatic Christians.
^ Many Mingrelians were included in the number of Georgians.
^ Many Estonians were included in the number of Europeans.

References[]

^ Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014), Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven and London, p. 173, ISBN 978-0-300-15308-8, OCLC 884858065, retrieved 2021-12-25
^ Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014), Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven and London, p. 162, ISBN 978-0-300-15308-8, OCLC 884858065, retrieved 2021-12-25
^ Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014), Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven and London, p. 174, ISBN 978-0-300-15308-8, OCLC 884858065, retrieved 2021-12-25
^ "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей" (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
^ Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год (in Russian). pp. 363–364.

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[6] Many Abkhazians and Greeks were included in the number of Asiatic Christians.

[7] Many Mingrelians were included in the number of Georgians.

[8] Many Estonians were included in the number of Europeans.

[1] Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014), Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven and London, p. 173, ISBN 978-0-300-15308-8, OCLC 884858065, retrieved 2021-12-25

[2] Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014), Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven and London, p. 162, ISBN 978-0-300-15308-8, OCLC 884858065, retrieved 2021-12-25

[3] Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014), Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven and London, p. 174, ISBN 978-0-300-15308-8, OCLC 884858065, retrieved 2021-12-25

[4] "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей" (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2016-10-26.

[:02-5] Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год (in Russian). pp. 363–364.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[a]

[b]

[c]

v t Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
Governorates (List)	Azov¹ ² Arkhangelsk Archangelgorod* Astrakhan Bessarabia Caucasus Chernigov Grodno Finland Ingermanland Irkutsk Kazan Kaluga Kiev (1708) Kiev Kharkov Kherson Kholm Kovno Kostroma Kursk Lithuania Little Russia (1764) Little Russia (1796) Minsk Mogilev Moscow Nikolayev Nizhny Novgorod Novgorod Novorossiysk Olonets Orenburg Oryol Penza Perm Petrograd² Podolia Poltava Pskov Ryazan Samara Saint Petersburg Saratov Siberia* Simbirsk Sloboda Ukraine Slonim Smolensk Stavropol Taurida Tambov Tver Tobolsk Tomsk Tula Ufa Vilna Vitebsk Vladimir Vologda Volhynian Voronezh Vyatka Vyborg Yaroslavl Yekaterinoslav Yeniseysk
Oblasts	Amur Belostok Bessarabia Don Host Kamchatka Kwantung Primorskaya Taurida Turgay Ural
Oblasts of Stepnoy Krai	Akmolinsk Semipalatinsk
Oblasts of Turkestan Krai	Transcaspian Samarkand Semirechye Oblast Syr-Darya Oblast Fergana
Caucasus Viceroyalty	Baku Black Sea Derbent Elizavetpol Erivan Georgia-Imeretia Georgia Kutais Shemakha Tiflis Armenian Oblast Batum Oblast Dagestan Oblast Kars Oblast Kuban Oblast Terek Oblast Sukhum Okrug Zakatal Okrug Ozurget Uyezd Zugdidi Uyezd
Baltic Governorates³	Courland Livonia Reval Riga Estonia
Governorates of Finland	Abo-Byorneborg Vaza Vyborg Kuopio Nyuland Sankt-Mikhel Tavastgus Uleaborg
Governorates of Poland	Avgustov Varshava Kalish Keltsy Krakov Lomzha Lyublin Mazovia Petrokov Plotsk Podlyashye Radom Sandomir Sedlets Suvalki
Governorates of Galicia and Bukovina
Dependencies	Bukey Horde Emirate of Bukhara Khanate of Kokand Russian America Uryankhay Krai Khanate of Khiva
¹ Italics indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914. ² An asterisk (*) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914. ³ Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship was abolished in 1876.