Czech exonyms
The following is a list of Czech exonyms, that is to say names for places that do not speak Czech that have been adapted to Czech phonological system and spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech.
Exonyms should not be confused with romanization, i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the Latin alphabet according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name 青岛 is Čching-tao, as opposed to its Hanyu Pinyin transliteration Qīngdǎo or to Wade–Giles Ch'ing-tao).
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Language | English or native name | Czech exonym |
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Albanian | Durrës | Drač |
Shkodër | Skadar | |
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Arabic | الجزائر (al-Jazā'ir/al-Džazá'ir) | Alžír |
وهران (Wahrān/Wahrán) | Oran | |
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Armenian | Էջմիաժին (Echmiadzin) | Ečmiadzin |
Երեւան (Erevan) | Jerevan | |
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German | List of Czech exonyms for places in Austria | |
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Azerbaijani | Bakı | Baku |
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Belarusian – Russian | Гроднa (Hrodna) – Гроднo (Grodno) | Hrodno |
Навагрудак (Navahrudak) − Новогрудок (Novogrudok) | Novogrodek | |
Рэчыца (Rechytsa/Rečyca) – Речица (Rechitsa/Rečica) | Řečice | |
Заслаўе (Zaslawye/Zaslauje) − Заславль (Zaslavl') | Zaslav, Záslaví | |
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French – Dutch | Anvers – Antwerpen | Antverpy |
Bruges – Brugge | Bruggy | |
Bruxelles – Brussel | Brusel | |
Louvain – Leuven | Lovaň | |
Liège – Luik | Lutych | |
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Bosnian | Bihać | Bihač |
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Mandarin Chinese – Uyghur | 北京 (Běijīng/Pej-ťing) | Peking |
广州 (Guǎngzhōu/Kuang-čou) | Kanton | |
哈尔滨 (Hārbīn/Cha-er-pin) | Charbin | |
喀什 (Kāshí/Kcha-š') – قەشقەر (Qeshqer/Kešker) | Kašgar | |
南京 (Nánjīng/Nan-ťing) | Nanking | |
莎车 (Shāchē/Ša-čche) – يەكەن (Yeken/Jeken) | Jarkand | |
上海 (Shànghǎi/Šang-chaj) | Šanghaj | |
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French | Abidjan | Abidžan |
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Croatian | Dubrovnik | Dubrovník |
Makarska | Makarská | |
Šibenik | Šibeník | |
Varaždin | Varaždín | |
Zagreb | Záhřeb | |
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Spanish | La Habana | Havana |
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Greek – Turkish | Λευκωσία (Lefkosía/Lefkósia) – Lefkoşa | Nikósie |
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Danish | København | Kodaň |
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Arabic | الإسكندرية (al-Iskandariyya/al-Iskandaríja) | Alexandrie |
Cairo | Káhira | |
الغردقة (al-Ghardaqah/al-Ghardaka) | Hurghada | |
الأقصر (al-Uqṣur/al-Uksur) | Luxor | |
السويس (as-Suways/as-Suwajs) | Suez | |
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Estonian | Pärnu | Pernava |
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Finnish – Swedish | Helsinki – Helsingfors | Helsinky |
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French | Crécy-en-Ponthieu | Kresčak |
Lourdes | Lurdy | |
Metz | Mety | |
Paris | Paříž | |
Reims | Remeš | |
Strasbourg | Štrasburk | |
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English | Accra | Akkra |
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German | List of Czech exonyms for places in Germany | |
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Greek | Αθήνα (Athína/Athina) | Athény |
Κέρκυρα (Kérkyra/Kerkyra) | Korfu | |
Κόρινθος (Kórinthos/Korinthos) | Korint | |
Ιωάννινα (Ioánnina/Ióannina) | Janina | |
Πειραιάς (Peiraiás/Piraeus) | Pireus | |
Θεσσαλονίκη (Thessaloníki/Thessaloniki) | Soluň | |
Θήβα (Thíva/Thiva) | Théby | |
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Hungarian | Budapest, Buda | Budapešť, Budín |
Debrecen | Debrecín | |
Esztergom | Ostřihom | |
Győr | Ráb | |
Kisvárda | Malý Varadín | |
Miskolc | Miškovec | |
Mohács | Moháč | |
Mosonmagyaróvár | Uherské Staré Hrady | |
Pécs | Pětikostelí | |
Sopron | Šoproň | |
Szeged | Segedín | |
Székesfehérvár | Stoličný Bělehrad | |
Szombathely | Kamenec | |
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Gujarati – English | અમદાવાદ (Amdāvād/Amdávád) – Ahmedabad | Ahmadábád |
Bengali | কলকাতা (Kolkata) | Kalkata |
Marathi – English | मुंबई (Mumbaī/Mumbaí) – Mumbai | Bombaj |
Hindi – English | नई दिल्ली (Naī Dillī/Naí Dillí) – New Delhi | Nové Dillí |
बनारस (Banāras/Banáras) – Varanasi | Varanásí | |
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Bahasa Indonesia | Jakarta | Džakarta |
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Hebrew – Arabic | חיפה (Heifa/Chejfa) – حيفا (Ḥayfā/Chajfá) | Haifa |
יפו (Yafo/Jafo) - ݐافا (Yāfā/Yáfá) | Jaffa | |
ירושלים (Yerushaláyim/Jerušalajim) – القُدس (al-Quds/al-Kuds) | Jeruzalém | |
נצרת (Natzrát/Nacrat) – الناصرة (an-Nāsira/an-Násira) | Nazaret | |
טבריה (Tverya/Tverja) – طبرية (Ṭabariyyah/Tabarija) | Tiberias | |
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Arabic – Kurdish | الموصل (al-Mawsil/al-Mausíl) – Mûsil | Mosul |
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Italian | Bologna | Boloňa |
Florence (Italian: Firenze) | Florencie | |
Genoa (Genova) | Janov | |
Gorizia | Gorice | |
Milan (Milano) | Milán | |
Naples (Napoli) | Neapol | |
Pompeii | Pompeje | |
Rome (Roma) | Řím | |
Syracuse (Siracusa) | Syrakusy | |
Turin (Torino) | Turín | |
Trento | Trident | |
Trieste | Terst | |
Venice (Venezia) | Benátky | |
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Japanese | 東京 (Tōkyō/Tókjó) | Tokio |
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Lao | ວຽງຈັນ (Viang-chan/?) | Vientiane |
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Arabic – French | بيروت (Bayrūt/Bajrút) – Beyrouth | Bejrút |
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Arabic | طرابلس (Ṭarābulus/Tarábulus) | Tripolis |
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Lithuanian | Klaipėda | Klajpeda |
Trakai | Troky | |
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German | Diekirch | Kostelec |
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Românian | Chișinău | Kišiněv |
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Montenegrin | Nikšić | Nikšič |
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Arabic | فاس (Fās/Fás) | Fez |
مكناس (Maknās/Maknás) | Meknes | |
مراكش (Murrākush/Murrákuš) | Marrákeš | |
وجدة (Wajda/Wadžda) | Udžda | |
طنجة (Ṭanja/Tandža) | Tanger | |
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Urdu – English | کوئٹہ (Quetta/Kvetta) – Quetta | Kvéta |
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Arabic – Hebrew | بيت لحم (Bait Lahm/Bajt Lahm) – בית לחם (Beit Lehem/Bejt Lechem) | Betlém |
الخليل (al-Khalīl/al-Chalíl) – חברון (Hevron/Chevron) | Hebron | |
ٲرݐحا (Arīhā/Aríhá) - יריחו (Yeriho) | Jericho | |
نابلس (Nāblus/Náblus) – שכם (Shkhem/Šchem) | Nábulus | |
رام الله (Rāmallāh/Rámalláh) | Ramalláh | |
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Polish | Białogard | Bělehrad |
Bielsko-Biała | Bílsko-Bělá | |
Baborów | Bavorov | |
Bogdanowice | Bohdanovice | |
Bolesławiec | Boleslav | |
Brzeg | Břeh | |
Bydgoszcz | Bydhošť | |
Bystrzyca Kłodzka | Kladská Bystřice | |
Chełmno | Chlumno | |
Chełmża | Chlumže | |
Chomiąża | Chomýž | |
Chorzów | Chořov | |
Częstochowa | Čenstochová | |
Drezdenko | Drezno | |
Duszniki Zdrój | Dušníky | |
Gdańsk | Gdaňsk | |
Gdynia | Gdyně | |
Gliwice | Hlivice | |
Głogów | Hlohov | |
Głogówek | Horní Hlohov | |
Głubczyce | Hlubčice | |
Głuchołazy | Hlucholazy | |
Gniezno | Hnězdno | |
Grodków | Hrádek | |
Gubin | Hubno | |
Inowrocław | Inovroclav, Mladá Vratislav | |
Jawor | Javory | |
Jelenia Góra | ||
Katowice | Katovice | |
Katyń | Katyň | |
Kędzierzyn-Koźle | Kandřín-Kozlí | |
Kietrz | Ketř | |
Kłodzko | Kladsko | |
Kluczbork | Klučborek | |
Kołobrzeg | Kolobřeh | |
Koszalin | Kozlín | |
Kostrzyn nad Odrą | Kostřín | |
Kraków | Krakov | |
Krasne Pole | Krásne Loučky | |
Kudowa-Zdrój | Lázně Chudoba | |
Lądek Zdrój | Lázně Landek | |
Leszno | Lešno | |
Legnica | Lehnice | |
Lewice | Levice | |
Lidzbark Warmiński | Lizberk | |
Lisięcice | Lištice | |
Łódź | Lodž | |
Międzylesie | Mezilesí | |
Mieroszów | Frýdlant ve Slezsku | |
Myślibórz | Mysliboř | |
Nowa Cerekwia | Nová Cerekev | |
Nowa Ruda | Nová Ruda | |
Nowy Sącz | Nový Sadec | |
Nysa | Nisa | |
Oława | Olava | |
Oleśnica | Olešnice | |
Olsztyn | Olštýn | |
Opawica | Opavice | |
Opole | Opolí | |
Oświęcim | Osvětim | |
Paczków | Pačkov | |
Pielgrzymów | Pelhřimovy | |
Poznań | Poznaň | |
Prudnik | Prudník | |
Pszczyna | Pština | |
Racibórz | Ratiboř | |
Radków | Radkov | |
Rawicz | Ravič | |
Rzepin | Řepín | |
Sandomierz | Sandoměř | |
Słupsk | Sloup | |
Sopot | Sopoty | |
Środa Śląska | Slezská Středa | |
Stara Lomnica | Stará Lomnice na Kladsku | |
Strzelin | Střelín | |
Świdnica | Svidnice | |
Świnoujście | Svinoústí | |
Szczecin | Štětín | |
Szczecinek | Nový Štětín | |
Szklarska Poręba | Sklářská Poruba | |
Tarnowskie Góry | Tarnovice | |
Toruń | Toruň | |
Wałbrzych | Valbřich | |
Wambierzyce | Vambeřice | |
Warszawa | Varšava | |
Warta | Varta | |
Włodzienin | Vladěnín | |
Wojnowice | Vojanovice | |
Wolin | Volyň | |
Wrocław | Vratislav | |
Żagań | Zaháň | |
Żary | Žarov | |
Zgorzelec | Zhořelec | |
Ziębice | Minstrberk | |
Zielona Góra | Zelená Hora | |
Złoty Stok | Rychleby | |
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Portuguese | Lisboa | Lisabon |
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Românian | Alba Iulia | Karlovský Bělehrad |
Baia Nouă | Nové Doly | |
Berzasca | Berzáska | |
Bistrița | Bystřice | |
Botoșani | Botušany | |
Bozovici | Božovice | |
Brașov | Brašov | |
București | Bukurešť | |
Cluj-Napoca | Kluž | |
Constanța | Konstanca | |
Craiova | Krajova | |
Eșelnița | Ješelnice | |
Galați | Galac | |
Iablanița | Jablonice | |
Iași | Jasy | |
Liubcova | Lubková | |
Oradea | Velký Varadín | |
Oravița | Oravice | |
Orșova | Oršava | |
Pitești | Pitešť | |
Ploiești | Ploješť | |
Reșița | Rešice | |
Sibiu | Sibiň | |
Sighetu Marmației | Marmarošská Sihoť | |
Sighișoara | Segešvár, Šigišov | |
Șopotu Nou | Bušava | |
Suceava | Sučava | |
Svinița | Svinice | |
Timișoara | Temešvár | |
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Russian | Калининград (Kaliningrad) | Královec |
Орёл (Oryol/Orjol) | Orel | |
Санкт-Петербург (Sankt Peterburg/Sankt-Petěrburg) | Petrohrad | |
Советск (Sovetsk/Sovětsk) | Sovětsk/Tylže | |
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Arabic | المدينة المنورة (al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah/al-Madína al-Munawwara) | Medína |
مكة (Makkah/Makka) | Mekka | |
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Serbian | Београд, Beograd | Bělehrad |
Нови Сад, Novi Sad | Nový Sad | |
Петроварадин, Petrovaradin | Petrovaradín | |
Сремски Карловци, Sremski Karlovci | Sremské Karlovce | |
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Slovene | Kranj | Kraň |
Ljubljana | Lublaň | |
Nova Gorica | Gorice | |
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Somali – Arabic | Muqdisho – مقديشو (Maqadīshū/Makadíšú) | Mogadišu |
Hargaysa – هرجيسا (Harjaisā/Hardžajsá) | Hargeysa | |
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English – Afrikaans | Cape Town – Kaapstad | Kapské Město |
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Spanish – Catalan | Valencia – València | Valencie |
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German – French | Basel – Bâle | Basilej |
Genf – Genève | Ženeva | |
Sankt Gallen – Saint-Gall | Svatý Havel | |
Sankt Moritz – Saint-Moritz | Svatý Mořic | |
Zürich – Zurich | Curych | |
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Arabic | دمشق (Dimashq/Dimašk) | Damašek |
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Thai | กรุงเทพฯ (Krung Thep) | Bangkok |
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Turkish | İstanbul | Konstantinopol, Cařihrad |
İzmir | Smyrna | |
İznik | Nikaia | |
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Turkmen | Aşgabat | Ašchabad |
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Ukrainian | Дніпро (Dnipro) | Dnipro |
Черкаси (Cherkasy/Čerkasy) | Čerkasy | |
Чернігів (Chernihiv/Černihiv) | Černigov, Černihov | |
Чернівці (Chernivtsi/Černivci) | Černovice | |
Чорнобиль (Chornobyl/Čornobyl) | Černobyl | |
Харків (Kharkiv/Charkiv) | Charkov | |
Херсон (Kherson) | Cherson | |
Хотин (Khotyn/Chotyn) | Chotim | |
Київ (Kyiv/Kyjiv) | Kyjev | |
Кременчук (Kremenchuk) | Kremenčuk | |
Кривий Ріг (Krivyi Rih/Kryvyj Rih) | Krivoj Rog | |
Львів (Lviv) | Lvov | |
Новгород-Сіверський (Novhorod-Siverskyi/Novhorod-Siverskyj) | Novgorod Severský | |
Володимир (Volodymyr) | Volodymyr | |
Запоріжжя (Zaporizhzhya/Zaporižžja) | Záporoží | |
Житомир (Zhytomyr) | Žytomyr | |
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English | London | Londýn |
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English | Philadelphia | Filadelfie |
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Uzbek | Toshkent | Taškent |
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Vietnamese | Hà Nội | Hanoj |
Language | Native name | Czech exonym |
Notes[]
- ^ The Czech name "comes from a medieval castle on the Austro-Czech border called Radgos, which is today known as Raabs. The Czechs used the name of the castle for the whole country and called it Rakuš or Rakus, which eventually became Rakousko."[1]
- ^ "This comes from the Czech adjective němý, which means mute. This term was originally used for all foreigners, as they could not speak Czech, and were thus essentially mute."[1]
- ^ Uhersko is an archaic name for Hungary.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as Uherské Hradiště and Uherský Brod in Moravia.
- ^ Vlašsko is an archaic name for Italy.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as the Italian Court (Vlašský dvůr) in Kutná Hora.
References[]
- ^ a b c d e f g "It's all Greek to me." Radio Prague transcript. 18 June 1999. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
See also[]
- Czech language
- Lists of exonyms