Demographics of Tajikistan
The Demographics of Tajikistan is about the demographic features of the population of Tajikistan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.
Demographic trends[]
Tajikistan's main ethnic group are the Tajiks, with minorities such as the Uzbeks and Kyrgyz, and a small Russian minority. Because not everyone in Tajikistan is an ethnic Tajik, the non-Tajik citizens of the country are referred to as Tajikistani. The official nationality of any person from Tajikistan is a Tajikistani, while the ethnic Tajik majority simply call themselves Tajik.
Contemporary Tajiks are an Iranian people. In particular, they are descended from ancient Eastern Iranian peoples of Central Asia, such as the Soghdians and the Bactrians, with an admixture of Western Iranian Persians as well as non-Iranian peoples.[1]
Until the 20th century, people in the region used two types of distinction to identify themselves: way of life - either nomadic or sedentary - and place of residence. By the late nineteenth century, the Tajik and Uzbek peoples, who had lived in proximity for centuries and often used each other's languages, did not perceive themselves as two distinct nationalities. The modern labels were imposed artificially when Central Asia was divided into five Soviet republics in the 1920s.[1]
Historically, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were also home to Bukharan Jews, who trace their ancestry to the Lost Tribes of Israel taken captive by the Babylonians in the 7th century BC, but almost no Bukharian Jews are left in Tajikistan.[2]
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics[]
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook,[3] unless otherwise indicated.
Ethnic groups[]
Ethnic makeup according to the population censuses from 1926 to 2010 (in thousands)[4][5][6]
Note: The category Tajiks also includes approximately 135,000 ethnic Pamiris, of which 65% are Shughni speakers, 13% are Rushani speakers, 12% speak Wakhi, 5% are Bartangi speakers, 3% are Yazgulyami speakers, 1.5% speak Khufi, and 0.8% are Ishkashimi speakers. In addition there are 5,000 speakers of Yagnobi. According to the 2000 census, excluding the people whose native languages are Pamiri or Yagnobi, Tajiks account for 77.6% of the population.
Ethnic group |
census 19261 | census 19392 | census 19593 | census 19704 | census 19795 | census 19896 | census 2000 | census 20108 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Tajiks | 617,125 | 74.6 | 883,966 | 59.5 | 1,051,164 | 53.1 | 1,629,920 | 56.2 | 2,237,048 | 58.8 | 3,172,420 | 62.3 | 4,898,400 | 79.9 | 6,373,834 | 84.3 |
Yagnobi | 1,829 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||
Uzbeks | 175,627 | 21.2 | 353,478 | 23.8 | 454,433 | 23.0 | 665,662 | 23.0 | 873,199 | 22.9 | 1,197,841 | 23.5 | 1,012,500 | 16.5 | 1,046,647 | 13.8 |
Kyrgyz | 11,410 | 1.4 | 27,968 | 1.9 | 25,635 | 1.3 | 35,485 | 1.2 | 48,376 | 1.3 | 63,832 | 1.3 | 65,500 | 1.1 | 60,715 | 0.8 |
Russians | 5,638 | 0.7 | 134,916 | 9.1 | 262,610 | 13.3 | 344,109 | 11.9 | 395,089 | 10.4 | 388,481 | 7.6 | 68,200 | 1.1 | 34,838 | 0.5 |
Turkmen | 4,148 | 0.5 | 4,040 | 0.3 | 7,115 | 0.4 | 11,043 | 0.4 | 13,991 | 0.4 | 20,487 | 0.4 | 20,300 | 0.3 | 15,171 | 0.2 |
Tatars | 950 | 0.1 | 18,296 | 1.2 | 56,893 | 2.9 | 70,803 | 2.4 | 79,529 | 2.1 | 79,442 | 1.6 | 19,000 | 0.3 | 6,495 | 0.1 |
Arabs | 3,260 | 0.4 | 2,290 | 0.2 | 1,297 | 0.1 | 248 | 0.0 | 176 | 0.0 | 276 | 0.0 | 14,500 | 0.2 | 4,184 | 0.1 |
Others | 7,180 | 0.9 | 60,137 | 4.0 | 120,750 | 6.1 | 142,332 | 4.9 | 158,812 | 4.2 | 169,824 | 3.3 | 29,100 | 0.5 | 22,618 | 0.3 |
Total | 827,167 | 1,485,091 | 1,979,897 | 2,899,602 | 3,806,220 | 5,092,603 | 6,127,500 | 7,564,502 | ||||||||
1 Source: [2]. 2 Source: [3]. 3 Source: [4]. 4 Source: [5]. 5 Source: [6]. 6 Source: [7] 7 including 51,000 Lakai, 15,100 Kongrat, 4,900 Katagan, 3,700 Barlos and 1,100 Yuz. 8 Source: [8], p. 7. 9 including 65,555 Lakai, 38,078 Kongrat, 7,601 Katagan, 5,271 Barlos and 3,798 Yuz . |
Languages[]
Several dialects of Persian (Central Asian dialects of Persian) are spoken in Tajikistan and it is one of the two official languages of Tajikistan (officially referred to as Tajik).[7] Russian is the official interethnic language and is widely used in both government and business. The different ethnic minorities speak different languages, for instance Uzbek, Turkmen, Kyrgyz and Khowar.[8] In the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province, Shughni as well as other Pamir languages are spoken. In the northern Yaghnob valley, the Yaghnobi language is still spoken.
Religion[]
- Sunni Islam 95%
- Shia Islam 3%
- Other 2%
Population[]
9,275,787 (2019 est.) According to Worldmeters
Age structure[]
0–14 years: 34.3% (male 1,282,681/female 1,238,607)
15–64 years: 62.1% (male 2,260,552/female 2,303,034)
65 years and over: 3.6% (male 112,334/female 151,937) (2009 est.)
Population growth rate[]
1.88% (2009 est.)
2.21% (2013-2014 est.) (source:www.stat.tj)
Net migration rate[]
-1.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Sex ratio[]
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female
15–64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.74 male(s)/female
total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth[]
total population:
65.33 years
male:
62.29 years
female:
68.52 years (2009 est.)
Education[]
Education is required through high school (11 years of schooling) but completion rate is under 90%;
Literacy[]
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
99.5%
male:
99.7%
female:
99.2% (2000 census)
Vital statistics[]
UN estimates[10][]
Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR1 | CDR1 | NC1 | TFR1 | IMR1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950-1955 | 74 000 | 20 000 | 54 000 | 42.7 | 15.4 | 27.3 | 5.40 | |
1955-1960 | 89 000 | 26 000 | 63 000 | 47.9 | 15.8 | 32.1 | 6.20 | |
1960-1965 | 111 000 | 30 000 | 81 000 | 47.9 | 14.7 | 33.2 | 6.80 | |
1965-1970 | 110 000 | 30 000 | 80 000 | 43.6 | 12.8 | 30.8 | 7.00 | |
1970-1975 | 127 000 | 30 000 | 97 000 | 41.5 | 11.6 | 29.9 | 6.83 | |
1975-1980 | 138 000 | 33 000 | 105 000 | 39.7 | 10.5 | 29.2 | 5.90 | |
1980-1985 | 164 000 | 34 000 | 130 000 | 42.0 | 10.2 | 31.8 | 5.60 | |
1985-1990 | 198 000 | 34 000 | 164 000 | 42.8 | 9.7 | 33.1 | 5.50 | |
1990-1995 | 206 000 | 52 000 | 154 000 | 37.4 | 9.6 | 27.8 | 4.88 | |
1995-2000 | 195 000 | 49 000 | 146 000 | 32.7 | 7.8 | 24.9 | 4.29 | |
2000-2005 | 185 000 | 45 000 | 140 000 | 28.5 | 6.4 | 22.1 | 3.60 | |
2005-2010 | 187 000 | 43 000 | 144 000 | 29.5 | 5.7 | 23.8 | 3.50 | |
2010-2015 | 30.2 | 5.3 | 24.9 | 3.50 | ||||
2015-2020 | 27.9 | 5.1 | 22.8 | 3.28 | ||||
2020-2025 | 24.9 | 5.0 | 19.9 | 3.09 | ||||
2025-2030 | 22.4 | 5.1 | 17.3 | 2.93 | ||||
2030-2035 | 21.3 | 5.3 | 16.0 | 2.79 | ||||
2035-2040 | 20.9 | 5.6 | 15.3 | 2.66 | ||||
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births |
Average population | Live births in thousands | Deaths in thousands | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | TFR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 1,531,700 | 46,571 | 12,543 | 34,028 | 30.4 | 8.2 | 22.2 | |
1951 | 1,586,800 | 48,407 | 12,384 | 36,023 | 30.5 | 7.8 | 22.7 | |
1952 | 1,642,500 | 54,931 | 12,562 | 42,369 | 33.4 | 7.6 | 25.8 | |
1953 | 1,685,800 | 54,697 | 14,530 | 40,167 | 32.4 | 8.6 | 23.8 | |
1954 | 1,731,700 | 56,946 | 13,045 | 43,901 | 32.9 | 7.5 | 25.4 | |
1955 | 1,782,800 | 60,335 | 15,812 | 44,523 | 33.8 | 8.9 | 25.0 | |
1956 | 1,838,400 | 62,960 | 10,894 | 52,066 | 34.2 | 5.9 | 28.3 | |
1957 | 1,900,400 | 62,966 | 10,838 | 52,128 | 33.1 | 5.7 | 27.4 | |
1958 | 1,955,000 | 56,826 | 11,548 | 45,278 | 29.1 | 5.9 | 23.2 | |
1959 | 2,011,400 | 60,978 | 11,024 | 49,954 | 30.3 | 5.5 | 24.8 | |
1960 | 2,082,500 | 69,715 | 10,670 | 59,045 | 33.5 | 5.1 | 28.4 | |
1961 | 2,165,900 | 73,653 | 11,035 | 62,618 | 34.0 | 5.1 | 28.9 | |
1962 | 2,255,900 | 75,909 | 13,001 | 62,908 | 33.6 | 5.8 | 27.8 | |
1963 | 2,341,800 | 80,733 | 13,042 | 67,691 | 34.5 | 5.6 | 28.9 | |
1964 | 2,426,100 | 84,300 | 13,132 | 71,168 | 34.7 | 5.4 | 29.3 | |
1965 | 2,512,400 | 92,448 | 16,474 | 75,974 | 36.8 | 6.6 | 30.2 | |
1966 | 2,594,200 | 91,825 | 15,491 | 76,334 | 35.4 | 6.0 | 29.4 | |
1967 | 2,673,800 | 93,988 | 17,546 | 76,442 | 35.2 | 6.6 | 28.6 | |
1968 | 2,761,000 | 101,462 | 16,577 | 84,885 | 36.7 | 6.0 | 30.7 | |
1969 | 2,851,500 | 98,831 | 17,390 | 81,441 | 34.7 | 6.1 | 28.6 | |
1970 | 2,942,100 | 102,201 | 18,686 | 83,515 | 34.8 | 6.4 | 28.4 | |
1971 | 3,044,400 | 111,839 | 17,173 | 94,666 | 36.8 | 5.7 | 31.1 | |
1972 | 3,148,200 | 111,069 | 19,895 | 91,174 | 35.3 | 6.3 | 29.0 | |
1973 | 3,244,400 | 115,157 | 23,343 | 91,814 | 35.5 | 7.2 | 28.3 | |
1974 | 3,344,800 | 123,338 | 24,923 | 98,415 | 36.9 | 7.5 | 29.4 | |
1975 | 3,446,600 | 127,464 | 27,965 | 99,499 | 37.0 | 8.1 | 28.9 | |
1976 | 3,549,300 | 135,243 | 30,101 | 105,142 | 38.2 | 8.5 | 29.7 | |
1977 | 3,652,900 | 132,875 | 32,110 | 100,765 | 36.4 | 8.8 | 27.6 | |
1978 | 3,752,700 | 140,622 | 31,048 | 109,574 | 37.5 | 8.3 | 29.2 | |
1979 | 3,852,200 | 145,431 | 29,822 | 115,609 | 37.8 | 7.7 | 30.1 | |
1980 | 3,954,500 | 146,422 | 31,830 | 114,592 | 37.0 | 8.0 | 29.0 | |
1981 | 4,060,400 | 155,508 | 31,637 | 123,871 | 38.3 | 7.8 | 30.5 | |
1982 | 4,173,200 | 159,571 | 32,053 | 127,518 | 38.2 | 7.7 | 30.5 | |
1983 | 4,293,100 | 164,710 | 32,553 | 132,157 | 38.3 | 7.6 | 30.7 | |
1984 | 4,419,900 | 176,197 | 32,872 | 143,325 | 39.8 | 7.4 | 32.4 | |
1985 | 4,558,100 | 182,716 | 32,014 | 150,702 | 40.0 | 7.0 | 33.0 | |
1986 | 4,707,900 | 198,647 | 31,993 | 166,654 | 42.1 | 6.8 | 35.3 | |
1987 | 4,861,600 | 204,450 | 33,543 | 170,907 | 41.9 | 6.9 | 35.0 | |
1988 | 5,013,000 | 201,864 | 35,334 | 166,530 | 40.2 | 7.0 | 33.2 | |
1989 | 5,165,900 | 200,430 | 33,395 | 167,035 | 38.7 | 6.5 | 32.3 | 5.104 |
1990 | 5,302,400 | 205,813 | 33,020 | 172,793 | 38.8 | 6.2 | 32.6 | 5.091 |
1991 | 5,433,300 | 212,598 | 33,067 | 179,531 | 39.1 | 6.1 | 33.0 | 5.094 |
1992 | 5,536,400 | 179,534 | 36,718 | 142,816 | 32.4 | 6.6 | 25.8 | 4.205 |
1993 | 5,573,400 | 186,504 | 49,326 | 137,178 | 33.5 | 8.9 | 24.6 | 4.320 |
1994 | 5,606,800 | 191,596 | 39,943 | 151,653 | 34.2 | 7.1 | 27.0 | 4.355 |
1995 | 5,667,700 | 193,182 | 34,274 | 158,908 | 34.1 | 6.0 | 28.0 | 4.385 |
1996 | 5,735,300 | 172,341 | 31,792 | 140,549 | 30.0 | 5.5 | 24.5 | 3.931 |
1997 | 5,822,500 | 178,127 | 28,710 | 149,417 | 30.6 | 4.9 | 25.7 | 4.064 |
1998 | 5,938,600 | 185,733 | 27,397 | 158,336 | 31.3 | 4.6 | 26.7 | 4.068 |
1999 | 6,064,100 | 180,888 | 25,495 | 155,393 | 29.8 | 4.2 | 25.6 | 3.852 |
2000 | 6,196,500 | 167,246 | 29,387 | 137,859 | 27.0 | 4.7 | 22.3 | 3.493 |
2001 | 6,317,900 | 171,623 | 32,015 | 139,608 | 27.2 | 5.1 | 22.1 | 3.487 |
2002 | 6,429,200 | 175,599 | 31,142 | 144,457 | 27.3 | 4.8 | 22.4 | 3.471 |
2003 | 6,543,000 | 177,938 | 33,185 | 144,753 | 27.1 | 5.1 | 22.0 | 3.420 |
2004 | 6,658,900 | 179,563 | 29,741 | 149,822 | 26.8 | 4.4 | 22.3 | 3.354 |
2005 | 6,780,600 | 180,790 | 31,520 | 149,270 | 26.4 | 4.6 | 21.8 | 3.274 |
2006 | 6,903,900 | 186,463 | 31,990 | 154,473 | 26.7 | 4.6 | 22.1 | 3.266 |
2007 | 7,031,200 | 200,010 | 33,686 | 166,324 | 28.1 | 4.7 | 23.3 | 2.349 |
2008 | 7,173,800 | 203,332 | 31,996 | 171,336 | 27.9 | 4.4 | 23.5 | 2.677 |
2009 | 7,334,100 | 199,826 | 32,332 | 167,504 | 26.8 | 4.3 | 22.5 | 2.655 |
2010 | 7,519,300 | 239,805 | 33,343 | 206,462 | 31.7 | 4.4 | 27.3 | 2.905 |
2011 | 7,714,200 | 224,178 | 33,855 | 190,323 | 29.1 | 4.4 | 24.7 | 2.766 |
2012 | 7,897,300 | 219,281 | 33,972 | 185,309 | 27.8 | 4.3 | 23.5 | 2.611 |
2013 | 8,074,300 | 209,417 | 31,706 | 177,711 | 25.9 | 3.9 | 22.0 | 2.616 |
2014 | 8,246,000 | 229,460 | 32,879 | 196,581 | 27.8 | 4.0 | 23.8 | 2.980 |
2015 | 8,551,200 | 237,500 | 33,500 | 204,000 | 28.1 | 4.0 | 24.1 | 3.064 |
2016 | 8,742,800 | 229,998 | 34,102 | 195,896 | 26.6 | 3.9 | 22.7 | 2.930 |
2017 | 8,931,200 | 224,100 | 32,000 | 192,000 | 25.4 | 3.6 | 21.7 | 2.830 |
2018 | 9,121,600 | 231,000 | 32,700 | 198,300 | 25.6 | 3.6 | 22.0 | |
2019 | 9,313,800 | 234,400 | 33,500 | 200,900 | 25.4 | 3.6 | 21.8 |
Life Expectancy[14][]
Period | Life expectancy in Years |
Period | Life expectancy in Years |
---|---|---|---|
1950–1955 | 53.1 | 1985–1990 | 64.1 |
1955–1960 | 55.1 | 1990–1995 | 62.3 |
1960–1965 | 57.2 | 1995–2000 | 64.5 |
1965–1970 | 59.3 | 2000–2005 | 66.4 |
1970–1975 | 60.8 | 2005–2010 | 68.7 |
1975–1980 | 62.1 | 2010–2015 | 70.4 |
1980–1985 | 63.2 |
Fertility rate[]
Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):[15]
Year | CBR (Total) | TFR (Total) | CBR (Urban) | TFR (Urban) | CBR (Rural) | TFR (Rural) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2012 | 33.9 | 3.8 (3.3) | 28.9 | 3.3 (2.9) | 35.6 | 3.9 (3.4) |
2017 | 33.4 | 3.8 (3.5) | 25.6 | 3.0 (2.8) | 36.1 | 4.0 (3.7) |
Population pyramids[16][]
Birth rate[]
There were slightly over 224 thousand births in Tajikistan in 2017, down from 230 thousand in 2016.[17] Most births occurred in Khatlon Region (89 thousand births), followed by Sughd Region (61 thousand births) and the Districts of Republican Subordination (53 thousand births). The fewest births is recorded in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in eastern Tajikistan, with around 5,700 births. Dushanbe city recorded approximately 15,500 births in 2017.
The crude birth rate for Tajikistan was 25.4‰ in 2017, down from 28.1‰ two years earlier (in 2015). Khatlon Region has the highest birth rate (28.1‰) in 2017, while the city of Dushanbe has the lowest birth rate with 18.8‰.
Crude birth rate by division from 2000 to 2018[18] | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Division | 2000 | 2002 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | ||||||||
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region | 17.4 | 20.3 | 19.2 | 23.8 | 17.3 | 18.4 | 19.8 | 21.9 | 23.7 | 23.5 | ||||||||
Sughd Region | 25.1 | 25.4 | 23.9 | 24.0 | 25.8 | 29.4 | 27.6 | 28.2 | 24.9 | 24.2 | ||||||||
Khatlon Region | 28.6 | 29.0 | 31.9 | 29.4 | 30.5 | 31.1 | 29.4 | 31.1 | 30.0 | 28.5 | ||||||||
Dushanbe city | 28.5 | 25.6 | 20.9 | 20.4 | 25.6 | 24.1 | 22.8 | 16.5 | 17.5 | 18.4 | ||||||||
Districts of Republican Subordination | 28.1 | 28.8 | 26.0 | 27.9 | 28.8 | 30.2 | 28.5 | 27.5 | 27.5 | 25.9 | ||||||||
Tajikistan | 27.0 | 27.3 | 26.8 | 26.7 | 27.9 | 29.4 | 27.8 | 27.8 | 26.6 | 25.6 |
See also[]
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b Library of Congress Country Studies - Tajikistan - Historical & Ethnic Background - 1996
- ^ "Jewish music of Bukhara? Alaev Family's got it". August 2012.
- ^ "Central Asia :: TAJIKISTAN". CIA The World Factbook.
- ^ Results of the 2000 population census in Tajikistan. Archived 2011-08-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Spoorenberg, Thomas (2013). "Fertility changes in Central Asia since 1980". Asian Population Studies. 9 (1): 50–77. doi:10.1080/17441730.2012.752238.
- ^ Spoorenberg, Thomas (2015). "Explaining recent fertility increase in Central Asia". Asian Population Studies. 11 (2): 115–133. doi:10.1080/17441730.2015.1027275.
- ^ Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, November 6, 1994, Article 2.
- ^ "Ethnologue report for Languages of Tajikistan". SIL International. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
- ^ https://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_218_2.asp
- ^ World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Socio-demographic sector Basic social indicators, 2000–2018 (Official Tajikistan Government Statistics)
- ^ UN Demographic Yearbook System
- ^ Естественное движение населения республик СССР, 1935 [Natural population growth of the Republics of the USSR, 1935] (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
- ^ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
- ^ http://www.dhsprogram.com/ (Demographic Health Survey)
- ^ "Demographic Yearbook". UN Data. United Nations. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
- ^ Number of births, 2000-2017
- ^ [1]
External links[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Tajikistan. |
- Ethnolinguistic map of Tajikistan by Iraj Bashiri
- Dr. Kurbanov, Ruslan. Majority Minoritized by Government: Muslims in Tajikistan. OnIslam.net. May 19, 2012.
- Demographics of Tajikistan