List of countries by spoken languages

This list shows countries/disputed countries organised by the languages which are spoken there.

Indo-European languages[]

Albanian[]

Country/disputed territory	Status	Speakers
Albania	official and national	1,570,000 (Tosk)^[1] 1,200,000 (Gheg)^[2]
Greece	minority	50,000 (Arvanitika)^[3] 10,000 (Tosk)^[1] 600,000 (Standard Albanian / Albanian immigrants)
Italy	protected minority	100,000 (Arbëreshë)^[4] up to 800,000 Albanian immigrants.
Kosovo	official	roughly 1.8 million (Gheg)^[2]
North Macedonia	official^[2]	522,000 (Gheg)^[2]
Montenegro	official in some municipalities^[2]	32,700 (Gheg)^[2]
Romania	recognised minority^[2]	(Gheg)^[2]
Serbia	language of provincial identity in some municipalities^[2]	10,000 (Gheg)^[2]
Slovenia	recognised minority^[2]	7,180 (Gheg)^[2]
Turkey	minority	65,000 (Tosk)^[1] (Gheg)^[2]
Total		4,082,380^[5] (Balkans only)

Armenian[]

Country	Status	Speakers
Armenia	official	2,960,000^[6]
Azerbaijan	minority	120,000^[6]
Cyprus	minority	1,410^[6]
Georgia	minority	315,000^[6]
Hungary	minority	440^[6]
Iran	minority	102,000^[6]
Iraq	recognised minority^[6]	60,000^[6]
Israel	minority	3,000^[6]
Jordan	minority	6,500^[6]
Lebanon	language of national identity^[6]	218,000^[6]
Poland	recognised minority^[6]	2,210^[6]
Romania	recognised minority^[6]	740^[6]
Syria	minority	83,000^[6]
Turkey	minority	61,000^[6]
Ukraine	recognised minority^[6]	50,300^[6]
Total		5,169,640^[6]

Baltic[]

Language	Country	Status
Latgalian	Latvia	unofficial, spoken in Latgale
Latgalian	Russia	significant minority in Siberia
Latvian	Latvia	official
	Lithuania	minority
	Estonia	minority
	Belarus	minority
	United Kingdom	significant minority
	United States	significant minority
	Canada	significant minority
	Australia	significant minority
	New Zealand	significant minority
	Ireland	significant minority
	Brazil	significant minority
	Germany	significant minority in Bavaria
	Denmark	significant minority
	Ukraine	significant minority
	Russia	significant minority in Siberia
	Finland	significant minority
	Sweden	significant minority
	Israel	minority
	Switzerland	minority
	Netherlands	significant minority
Lithuanian	Latvia	minority
	Lithuania	official
	Poland	minority, majority in the city of Puńsk

Celtic[]

Map of the Celtic nations

Language	Country	Status
Breton	France	minority language in Brittany, but unofficial
Cornish	United Kingdom	minority language in Cornwall, but unofficial
Irish	Ireland	minority, co-official with English
	United Kingdom	significant minority in England, as well as minority in the entire country and official in Northern Ireland
	United States	significant minority, mainly in Chicago, New York and Massachusetts.
	Canada	significant minority, especially in Saint John and Miramichi, New Brunswick, as well as in Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador; also, a big community of Irish-speaking expats exists in both Quebec (see Irish Quebecers) and Ontario (see Permanent North American Gaeltacht).
	Australia	significant minority
	New Zealand	significant minority
Manx	Isle of Man	minority, very limited official use
Scottish Gaelic	Canada	significant minority, official in Nova Scotia
	United Kingdom	official in Scotland
	United States	significant minority
Welsh	Argentina	significant minority in Chubut
	United Kingdom	spoken by about 20% of the population in Wales^[7] and co-official with English there
	United States	minority

Germanic[]

Language	Country	Status
Afrikaans	South Africa	co-official with 10 other languages
	Namibia	recognised minority; unofficial lingua franca
	United States	minority
	Netherlands	minority
	United Kingdom	minority
	Germany	minority
	Belgium	minority
	Australia	minority
	Argentina	minority
Alsatian	France	regional language in Alsace
Danish	Denmark	official
	Germany	in Schleswig-Holstein, official recognised minority language
	Faroe Islands	co-official alongside Faroese
	Greenland	minority
	Iceland	minority
Faroese	Faroe Islands	co-official with Danish
Faroese	Denmark	unofficial
Frisian	Denmark	minority
	Germany	official recognised minority language
	Netherlands	minority language in Friesland
Icelandic	Iceland	official
Icelandic	Denmark	minority
Low German (Low Saxon)	Germany	Niederdeutsch or more usual Plattdeutsch, recognized as regional language
Low German (Low Saxon)	Netherlands	Nederduits, recognized as regional language
Luxembourgish	Luxembourg	co-official with French and German
	Belgium	minority language in the Belgian Province of Luxembourg
	Germany	minority language in the German Regierungsbezirk Trier ("moselfränkisch")
	France	minority language in Moselle
	United States	significant minority in Wisconsin
	United Kingdom	minority
	Canada	minority
	Argentina	minority
	Brazil	minority
	Switzerland	minority
	Netherlands	minority
	Italy	minority
	Spain	minority
	Portugal	minority
	Austria	minority
Norwegian	Norway	official, including Svalbard and Jan Mayen
Scots	Scotland	significant minority in Scotland
	Ireland	minority in Ireland
	United States	significant minority
	Canada	significant minority, especially in Nova Scotia
Swedish	Sweden	official
	Finland	co-official with Finnish.
	Åland Islands	official
	Estonia	minority
Plautdietsch	Paraguay	minority
	Canada	minority
	Mexico	minority
	Belize	minority
	Russia	minority
	Kazakhstan	minority
Yiddish	Russia	co-official in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Dutch[]

Regions	Country	Status
Europe	Netherlands	official
	Belgium	co-official with French and German
	France	in French Flanders
	Germany	in
Africa	South Africa	spoken as minority, often used together with daughter language Afrikaans
Africa	Namibia
Asia	Indonesia	historical language
Oceania	New Zealand	Minority
North America	Aruba	co-official with Papiamento
	Curaçao	co-official with English and Papiamento
	Sint Maarten	co-official with English
	United States	spoken in minority primarily in Michigan and Indiana
	Canada	Minority
South America	Suriname	official
South America	French Guiana	unofficial, spoken in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni

English[]

Regions	Country	Status
Africa	Botswana	co-official with Tswana
	Burundi	significant minority
	Cameroon	co-official with French
	Egypt	significant minority
	Eswatini (Swaziland)	co-official with Swati
	Gambia	official
	Ghana	official
	Kenya	co-official with Swahili
	Lesotho	co-official with Sesotho
	Liberia	official
	Malawi	official
	Mauritius	national language along with French, and other vernacular languages
	Namibia	official
	Nigeria	official
	Rwanda	co-official with Kinyarwanda and French
	Seychelles	co-official with French and Seychellois Creole
	Sierra Leone	official
	South Africa	co-official with 10 other languages: unofficially regarded as the 'main' language
	South Sudan	official
	Uganda	co-official with Swahili
	Zambia	official
	Zimbabwe	official
Asia	Bahrain	unofficial
	India	co-official with 21 other languages
	Jordan	significant minority
	Kuwait	significant minority
	Lebanon	significant minority
	Maldives	significant minority
	Nepal	significant minority
	Oman	significant minority
	Pakistan	co-official with Urdu
	Philippines	co-official with Filipino, and with regional languages as auxiliary official languages^[8]
	Qatar	significant minority
	Singapore	co-official with Tamil, Mandarin, and Malay
	United Arab Emirates	significant minority
	Bangladesh	de facto co-official with Bengali
	Sri Lanka	de facto co-official with Tamil and Sinhala
	Malaysia	co-official with Tamil, Mandarin, and Malay
	Brunei	co-official with Mandarin, and Malay
Europe	Czech Republic	significant minority
	France	significant minority
	Germany	significant minority
	Ireland	co-official with Irish, see Hiberno-English
	Malta	co-official with Maltese
	Poland	significant minority
	Portugal	significant minority
	Romania	significant minority
	Russia	minority
	United Kingdom	co-official with Welsh, see British English
North America	Antigua and Barbuda	official
	Bahamas	official
	Barbados	official
	Belize	official
	Canada	co-official with French, see Canadian English
	Dominica	official
	Grenada	official
	Jamaica	official, see Jamaican English
	Saint Kitts and Nevis	official
	Saint Lucia	official
	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	official
	Trinidad and Tobago	official
	United States	de facto, see American English
Oceania	Australia	de facto, see Australian English
	Fiji	co-official with Fijian and Hindustani
	Kiribati	co-official with Kiribati
	Marshall Islands	co-official with Marshallese
	FS. Micronesia
	Nauru	de facto
	New Zealand	co-official with Māori and New Zealand Sign Language; see also New Zealand English
	Palau	co-official with Palauan
	Papua New Guinea	co-official with Tok Pisin and Hiri Motu
	Solomon Islands	official
	Tonga	co-official with Tongan
	Tuvalu	co-official with Tuvaluan
	Vanuatu	co-official with Bislama and French
South America	Guyana	official
South America	Colombia	official in San Andrés and Providence Island
Dependent entities
	American Samoa	co-official with Samoan
	British Indian Ocean Territory	de facto
	Anguilla	official
	Bermuda	official
	British Virgin Islands	official
	Cayman Islands	official
	Christmas Island	official
	Cook Islands	co-official with Cook Islands Māori
	Falkland Islands	official
	Gibraltar	official
	Guam	co-official with Chamorro
	Guernsey	official
	Hong Kong	co-official with Cantonese
	Isle of Man	official
	Jersey	official
	Montserrat	official
	Norfolk Island	co-official with Norfuk
	Northern Mariana Islands	co-official with Chamorro and Carolinian
	Pitcairn Islands	co-official with Pitkern
	Puerto Rico	co-official with Spanish
	Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	official
	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	official
	Turks and Caicos Islands	official
	U.S. Virgin Islands	official

Map of the German-speaking world

German[]

Regions	Country	Status
Europe	Austria	official
	Germany	official
	Liechtenstein	official
	Switzerland	co-official with French, Italian and Romansh
	Belgium	co-official with French and Dutch
	Hungary	co-official with Hungarian in the city of Sopron
	Italy	co-official with Italian in South Tyrol
	Lithuania	minority
	Luxembourg	co-official with French and Luxembourgish
	Poland	co-official as auxiliary language in the Opole Voivodeship
	Vatican City	official with other languages, language of the Swiss Guard
	France	minority in Alsace and Lorraine
	Czech Republic	minority
	Denmark	minority
	Romania	minority
	Russia	minority
Africa	Egypt	minority
Africa	Namibia	co-official as auxiliary language
Asia	Kazakhstan	minority
Asia	Lebanon	minority
North America	Canada	minority
	Costa Rica	minority
	Guatemala	minority
	Mexico	minority
	United States	minority^[9]
South America	Argentina	minority
	Brazil	official in some municipalities, see Brazilian German
	Chile	minority
	Colombia	minority
	Paraguay	minority
	Peru	minority
	Venezuela	minority (see: Colonia Tovar dialect)

Greek[]

Language	Country	Status
Greek	Greece	official
	Cyprus	co-official with Turkish
	Albania	significant minority, widely spoken and co-official with Albanian in Himara, Dropull, Finiq and Derviçan regions
	Lebanon	minority
	North Macedonia	minority
	Russia	minority
	Ukraine	minority
	Turkey	minority
	Egypt	minority
	Italy	minority
	Armenia	minority
	Romania	minority
	Hungary	minority
	Syria	minority
	United States	minority
	Australia	minority

Iranian[]

Persian[]

Regions	Country	Status
Asia	Afghanistan	co-official as Dari, with Pashto
	Azerbaijan	minority, as Tat
	Bahrain	minority
	China	minority
	Iran	official
	Iraq	significant minority
	Israel	minority, as Judeo-Persian^[10]
	Kazakhstan	minority, as Tajik
	Kuwait	minority
	Kyrgyzstan	minority, as Tajik
	Malaysia	minority^[11]^[12]
	Pakistan	minority, as Dari and Dehwari
	Qatar	minority
	Tajikistan	official, as Tajik
	Turkey	minority^[13]
	Turkmenistan	minority
	United Arab Emirates	minority
	Uzbekistan	significant minority, as Tajik
Europe	Austria	minority^[14]
	Denmark	minority^[15]
	France	minority^[16]
	Germany	minority^[17]
	Netherlands	minority^[18]
	Norway	minority^[19]
	Russia	minority, as Tajik and Tat
	Spain	minority^[20]
	Sweden	minority^[21]
	United Kingdom	minority^[22]
North America	United States	minority
North America	Canada	minority^[23]
Oceania	Australia	minority^[24]

Map of the Persian-speaking world

Other Iranian[]

Language	Country	Status
Balochi	Afghanistan	minority
	Bahrain	minority
	Iran	significant minority in Balochistan
	Oman	minority
	Pakistan	Majority in Balochistan
	United Arab Emirates	minority
Ossetic	Russia	majority in North Ossetia-Alania
	South Ossetia	majority
	Georgia	minority
Caucasian Tat	Russia	minority in Dagestan
Caucasian Tat	Azerbaijan	minority
Tajik	Kazakhstan	minority, as Tajik
	Kyrgyzstan	minority, as Tajik
	Pakistan	minority
	Tajikistan	official, as Tajik
	Russia	minority
Kurdish	Armenia	recognized minority
	Iran	regional
	Iraq	co-official with Arabic
	Syria	significant minority
	Turkey	significant minority
Gilaki	Iran	regional, in Gilan Province
Mazanderani	Iran	regional, in Māzandarān Province
Luri	Iran	regional
Luri	Iraq	minority
Talysh	Azerbaijan	minority
Talysh	Iran	minority
Pashto	Afghanistan	co-official with Dari
	Pakistan	majority in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA
	United Arab Emirates	minority

Indo-Aryan[]

Bengali language[]

Regions	Country	Status
Asia	Bangladesh	official
	India	official, along with 21 others; primarily spoken in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam, with significant minority in Bihar, Jharkhand and Orissa
	Saudi Arabia	significant minority^[25]
	United Arab Emirates	significant minority^[26]
	Qatar	minority^[27]
	Kuwait	minority^[28]
	Malaysia	minority^[29]
	Singapore	minority^[30]
	Pakistan	minority. Mostly used in Karachi, where it holds the status as that of a recognized secondary language^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]
Europe	Italy	minority^[35]
Europe	United Kingdom	significant minority^[36]
North America	United States	minority^[37]^[38]^[a]
North America	Canada	minority^[39]
Oceania	Australia	minority^[40]

Domari[]

Regions	Country	Status
Africa	Algeria	minority
	Egypt	minority
	Morocco	minority
	Sudan	minority
	Tunisia	minority
Asia	India	minority
	Iran	significant minority
	Pakistan	minority
	Libya	minority
	Syria	minority
	Turkey	minority
	Israel	minority
	Afghanistan	minority
	Bangladesh	minority
	Jordan	minority
	Iraq	minority
	Lebanon	minority
	Uzbekistan	minority
	Armenia	minority
	Azerbaijan	minority
	Georgia	minority
	Turkmenistan	minority
	Kazakhstan	minority
	Tajikistan	minority
	Kuwait	minority
	Kyrgyzstan	minority
Europe/Asia	Russia	minority

Romani[]

Regions	Country	Status
Asia	Bangladesh	minority
	India	minority
	Pakistan	minority
	Iran	minority
	Afghanistan	minority
	Uzbekistan	minority
	Kazakhstan	minority
	Turkmenistan	minority
	Tajikistan	minority
	Kyrgyzstan	minority
	Armenia	minority
Europe	Albania	minority
	Austria	minority
	Belarus	minority
	Belgium	minority
	Bosnia and Herzegovina	minority
	Bulgaria	significant minority
	Croatia	minority
	Cyprus	minority
	Czech Republic	minority
	Denmark	minority
	Estonia	minority
	Finland	officially recognised minority language
	France	minority
	Germany	officially recognised minority language
	Greece	minority
	Hungary	significant minority, officially recognised minority language
	Ireland	minority
	Italy	minority
	Kosovo	officially recognized minority language
	Latvia	minority
	Lithuania	minority
	Macedonia	official in Šuto Orizari Municipality
	Moldova	minority
	Montenegro	minority
	Netherlands	minority
	Norway	officially recognised minority language
	Poland	minority
	Portugal	minority
	Romania	co-official in 79 rural communes
	Russia	officially recognised minority language
	Serbia	officially recognised minority language
	Slovakia	minority
	Slovenia	officially recognised minority language
	Spain	minority
	Sweden	officially recognised minority language
	Switzerland	minority
	Turkey	minority
	Ukraine	minority
	United Kingdom	minority
North America	United States	minority
North America	Canada	minority

Hindi[]

Regions	Country	Status
Asia	India	one of the two union languages of India alongside English, official along with 21 others; official in the Indian states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.
	Bangladesh	more than half of the population can understand and speak
	Indonesia	minority, 90,000^[41]
	Malaysia	minority, 58,000^[41]
	Nepal	significant minority
	Pakistan	more than half of the population can understand and speak
	Yemen	minority
	United Arab Emirates	minority
	Saudi Arabia	minority
Oceania	Fiji	Fiji Hindi is an official language
	Australia	minority
	New Zealand	minority, 20,000 speakers
Africa	South Africa	significant minority, 436,000 speakers^[41]
	Mauritius	minority, 37,000 speakers^[41]
	Tanzania	minority, 66,000 speakers^[41]
	Uganda	minority, 5,300 speakers^[41]
Europe	United Kingdom	minority
North America	Canada	minority, 268,000 speakers ^[41]
North America	United States	minority, 650,000 speakers^[42]
Caribbean	Suriname	minority
	Guyana	minority
	Trinidad and Tobago	minority

Gujarati[]

Regions	Country	Status
Asia	India	official in Gujarat, Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Asia	Pakistan	significant minority
Africa	Kenya	minority
	Mauritius	minority
	Tanzania	minority
	Uganda	minority
	Zimbabwe	minority
	South Africa	minority
North America	Canada	minority
North America	United States	minority
Europe	United Kingdom	significant minority
Oceania	Australia	minority

Other Indo-Aryan[]

Language	Country	Status
Angika	India	majority in Anga, significant minority in the rest of the country
Angika	Nepal	minority language, in Terai region
Assamese	Bhutan	minority
	India	official language along with 21 others
	United Kingdom	minority
	United States	minority
Awadhi^[43]	Bhutan	minority
	Guyana	minority
	Fiji	minority
	India	majority in Uttar Pradesh, minority in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Delhi
	Nepal	minority
	Trinidad and Tobago	minority
	South Africa	minority
	Suriname	minority
	United States	minority
Bhili	India	minority
Bhojpuri	Fiji	minority
	Guyana	minority
	India	in Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh
	Mauritius	minority
	Nepal	significant minority
	United Kingdom	minority
	United States	minority
	Suriname	minority
	Trinidad and Tobago	minority
	Seychelles	minority
	South Africa	minority
	Australia	minority
Bishnupriya Manipuri	Bangladesh	minority
	India	minority, mostly in Manipur, Assam and Tripura
	Myanmar	minority
Chakma	Bangladesh	minority, mostly in Chittagong Division
Chakma	India	minority, mostly in Tripura, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh
Chhattisgarhi	India	majority in Chhattisgarh, minority in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Bihar
Chittagonian	Bangladesh	significant minority, major language of Chittagong Division of Bangladesh
	Myanmar	minority, mostly in Arakan and Yangon
	Oman	minority
	Saudi Arabia	minority
	United Arab Emirates	minority
	Qatar	minority
	Kuwait	minority
	Pakistan	minority, mostly in Karachi
	United Kingdom	minority
	United States	minority
Dhivehi	India	in Lakshadweep
Dhivehi	Maldives	official
Dogri	Pakistan	in Punjab, and Azad Kashmir
Dogri	India	in Jammu and Kashmir(India), Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh
Hajong	India	minority, mostly in Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal
Hajong	Bangladesh	minority
Halbi	India	in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh
Kalasha-ala	Afghanistan	minority
Kalasha-mun	Pakistan	minority
Kashmiri	India	official, spoken in Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir(India), Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh
	Pakistan	spoken in POK
	United Kingdom	minority, mostly by immigrants from Kashmir
Khandeshi	India	minority, spoken in Maharashtra, Gujarat
Khowar	Pakistan	majority in Chitral, minority in Gilgit
Kumaoni(Doteli)	India	majority in Uttarakhand, minority in Assam
Kumaoni(Doteli)	Nepal	majority in Sudurpashchim Pradesh, minority elsewhere
Lomavren	Armenia	minority
	Azerbaijan	minority
	Bulgaria	minority
	Georgia	minority
	Iran	minority
	Russia	minority
	Syria	minority
Magadhi	India	official in Bihar
Maithili	India	official in Bihar
Maithili	Nepal	significant minority in Terai
Mal Paharia	India	minority, mostly in Jharkhand and West Bengal
Mal Paharia	Bangladesh	minority
Marathi	India	official along with 21 others, widely spoken in Maharashtra, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu.
	Pakistan	minority in Sindh
	Israel	minority
	Mauritius	minority
	Singapore	minority
	United States	Significant minority
	United Kingdom	Significant minority
	Australia	Significant minority
	New Zealand	Significant minority
	South Africa	Significant minority
	United Arab Emirates	Significant minority
	Bahrain	Significant minority
Marwari	India	primarily in Rajasthan and Gujarat and it is also spoken in west Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Eastern U.P., Assam, and northeastern states
Marwari	Pakistan	minority
Nepali	Bhutan	unofficial, significant minority
	Hong Kong	unofficial
	India	official in Sikkim, regional language in West Bengal
	Myanmar	unofficial
	Nepal	official
	United Kingdom	unofficial
Oriya	Bangladesh	minority
Oriya	India	official in Orissa
Punjabi	India	official with others, in Punjab
	Pakistan	majority in Punjab
	United Kingdom	significant minority
	Canada	minority
	United States	minority
Rajasthani	India	official along with others, in Rajasthan
Rajasthani	Pakistan	minority
Rajbanshi	India	minority
	Bangladesh	minority
	Nepal	minority
Rohingya	Bangladesh	minority, mostly in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh
	India	minority
	Malaysia	minority
	Myanmar	minority, mostly in Arakan, Myanmar
	Oman	minority
	Pakistan	minority, mostly in Karachi
	Saudi Arabia	minority
	Thailand	minority
	United Arab Emirates	minority
Sindhi	Hong Kong	minority
	India	official with others
	Oman	minority
	Pakistan	majority in Sindh
	Philippines	minority^{[citation needed]}
	Singapore	minority
	United Arab Emirates	minority
	United Kingdom	minority
	United States	minority
Sinhala	Sri Lanka	official
Sylheti	Bangladesh	major language of Sylhet Division of Bangladesh
	India	significant minority in the state of Assam, especially in Barak Valley
	Taiwan	minority
	United Kingdom	significant minority
	United States	minority
	United Arab Emirates	minority
Tanchangya	Bangladesh	minority; mainly in Chittagong Division, related to Chakma, Chittagonian, Pali, Prakrit, Sanskrit Rohingya and Bengali language
	India	minority; mainly in Indian states of Assam, Tripura and Mizoram
	Myanmar	minority; mainly in Rakhine State, and few of them in Chin State and Yangon Division of Myanmar
Urdu	Bahrain	minority
	Bangladesh	significant minority
	Fiji	co-official as Hindustani with English and Fijian
	India	co-official with 21 others; understood and spoken in the Indian states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.
	Nepal	minority
	Mauritius	minority
	Oman	minority
	Pakistan	co-official with English
	Qatar	minority
	Saudi Arabia	minority
	South Africa	minority
	United Arab Emirates	minority
	United Kingdom	minority
	United States	minority

Italic & Romance[]

French[]

Regions	Country	Status
Europe	Andorra	spoken, not official
	Belgium	co-official with Dutch and German
	Bulgaria	minority
	Czech Republic	minority
	Cyprus	significant minority
	Denmark	minority
	France	official
	Greece	significant minority
	Hungary	minority
	Ireland	minority
	Italy	rarely spoken;co-official in the Aosta Valley
	Luxembourg	co-official with Luxembourgish and German
	Monaco	official
	Norway	minority, from immigration from DRC
	Poland	minority
	Portugal	minority
	Romania	minority
	Spain	minority in Basque Country and Catalonia
	Switzerland	co-official with German, Italian, and Romansh
	United Kingdom	minority in London, Southern England, South East England, Scotland and Wales (as spoken by Huguenots); official in Channel Islands
Africa	Algeria	unofficial, but widely used
	Benin	official
	Burkina Faso	official
	Burundi	co-official with Kirundi
	Cameroon	co-official with English
	Central African Republic	co-official with Sango
	Chad	co-official with Arabic
	Comoros	co-official with Arabic and Comorian
	Dem. Rep. Congo	official
	Congo	official
	Ivory Coast	official
	Djibouti	co-official with Arabic
	Equatorial Guinea	co-official with Spanish and Portuguese
	Gabon	official
	Guinea	official
	Madagascar	co-official with Malagasy
	Mali	official
	Mauritania	de facto
	Mauritius	de facto
	Morocco	de facto
	Niger	official
	Réunion	official
	Rwanda	co-official with English and Kinyarwanda
	Senegal	official; Wolof most widely spoken
	Seychelles	co-official with English and Seychellois Creole
	Togo	official
	Tunisia	unofficial, but widely used
Asia	Cambodia	minority
	Vietnam	minority
	Laos	administrative language
	Lebanon	unofficial, but spoken by the majority
	India	in Puducherry, co-official with Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam, spoken in Chandannagar with Bengali
	Jordan	minority
	Syria	minority
North America	Canada	co-official with English; majority in Quebec, minority in New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba, Prince Edward Island
	Guadeloupe	official
	Haiti	co-official with Haitian Creole
	Mexico	minority
	Martinique	official
	Saint Barthélemy	official
	Saint Martin	official
	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	official
	United States	minority language, especially in Louisiana, Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire^[9]
Oceania	French Polynesia	official
	New Caledonia	official
	Vanuatu	co-official with English and Bislama
	Wallis and Futuna	official
South America	Argentina	minority
	Brazil	minority, significantly in RJ/ES and other coastal states; see French, Belgian and Swiss Brazilians
	Chile	minority
	French Guiana	official
	Uruguay	minority

Map of the French-speaking world

Map of the Italian-speaking world

Italian[]

Regions	Country	Status
Europe	Albania	unofficial, but widely spoken; some 70% of the population
	Belgium	significant minority
	Bulgaria	minority
	Croatia	official status in Istria
	France	significant minority; also minority language in Corsica
	Germany	significant minority
	Greece	minority
	Italy	official
	Luxembourg	significant minority
	Malta	unofficial, but widely spoken; some 66% of the population
	Monaco	unofficial, but widely spoken
	Romania	significant minority
	San Marino	official
	Slovenia	co-official in Koper, Izola and Piran
	Switzerland	significant minority; co-official with French, German, and Romansh
	Vatican City	official
Africa	Eritrea	minority
	Libya	minority
	Somalia	minority
Americas	Argentina	significant minority
	Brazil	co-official in some municipalities, see Talian dialect
	Canada	minority
	Chile	minority
	Mexico	minority
	Peru	minority
	United States	minority
	Uruguay	minority
	Venezuela	minority
Oceania	Australia	significant minority

Portuguese[]

Regions	Country	Status
Europe	Portugal	official
	Spain	minority in Olivenza
	France	minority
	Luxembourg	minority
	Switzerland	minority
	Andorra	minority
	Germany	minority
Africa	Angola	official
	Cape Verde	official
	Guinea-Bissau	official
	Equatorial Guinea	co-official with Spanish and French
	Mozambique	official
	São Tomé and Príncipe	official
	South Africa	minority
	Namibia	minority
Asia	East Timor	co-official with Tetum
	Japan	minority; see Brazilians in Japan
	Macau	co-official with Cantonese
	Malaysia	minority in Malacca; see Kristang language
	India	minority in Goa State
North America	United States	minority
North America	Canada	minority
South America	Brazil	official, see Brazilian Portuguese
	Paraguay	minority
	Uruguay	minority
	Venezuela	minority
Oceania	East Timor	co-official with Tetum
Oceania	Australia	minority

Map of the Lusophone world

Map of the Hispanophone world

Spanish[]

The following is a list of the 22 countries where Spanish is an official language:

Regions	Country	Status
Europe	Spain	official
	Andorra	spoken by majority
	France	minority
	Germany	minority
	Gibraltar	unofficial – majority
	Italy	minority
	United Kingdom	minority
Africa	Equatorial Guinea	co-official with French and Portuguese
	Morocco	not official – minority
	Western Sahara	co-official with Arabic
	Ceuta	official
	Melilla	official
	Canary Islands	official
	Gabon, Cocobeach	official
Asia	Australia	minority
	Japan	minority
	New Zealand	minority
	Philippines	former official language, spoken by significant minority; see Spanish language in the Philippines
North America	Belize	plurality, but unofficial
	Canada	minority
	Costa Rica	official
	Cuba	official
	Dominican Republic	official
	El Salvador	official
	Guatemala	official
	Honduras	official
	Mexico	de facto, official
	Nicaragua	official
	Panama	official
	United States	Co-official language in New Mexico and Puerto Rico. Spoken by a majority in PR and a significant minority in NM. Minority elsewhere^[9]
South America	Argentina	de facto
	Bolivia	co-official with Quechua and Aymara and another 35 languages
	Brazil	minority
	Chile	official
	Colombia	official
	Ecuador	official
	Paraguay	co-official with Guaraní
	Peru	official
	Uruguay	official
	Venezuela	official
Oceania	Easter Island	co-official with Rapa Nui

Hispanophone global world map language

Other Italic languages[]

Language	Country	Status
Aragonese	Spain	unofficial, but recognised in Aragon
Aromanian	Greece	minority
	Albania	officially recognised minority language
	Romania	minority
	North Macedonia	official
	Serbia	minority
	Bulgaria	minority
	Turkey	minority
Catalan	Andorra	official
	France	spoken in Northern Catalonia
	Italy	a significant minority in Alghero
	Spain	co-official with Spanish in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and Valencian Community. In El Carche (Murcia) and La Franja (Aragon) it is not official.
Corsican	France	regional language in Corsica
Corsican	Italy	minority in Sardinia
Sardinian	Italy	co-official in Sardinia
Emilian-Romagnol	San Marino	co-official with Italian
	Italy	significant minority; co-official with Italian in Emilia-Romagna
	Romania	minority
	Bulgaria	minority
	Ukraine	minority
	Greece	minority
	Cyprus	minority
Galician	Spain	co-official with Spanish in Galicia
	Argentina	minority, from immigration
	Mexico	minority, from immigration
	Brazil	minority, from immigration
	Cuba	minority, from immigration
	France	minority, from immigration
	Germany	minority, from immigration
	Switzerland	minority, from immigration
	Uruguay	minority, from immigration
	Venezuela	minority, from immigration
Jèrriais	Jersey	unofficial
Jèrriais	Sark	unofficial
Latin	Vatican City	official, but not spoken
Mirandese	Portugal	co-official with Portuguese in the municipalities of Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro and Vimioso
Occitan	France	minority
	Italy	recognised minority language
	Spain	co-official with Catalan and Spanish in Catalonia
Romanian	Bulgaria	significant minority
	Cyprus	significant minority
	Greece	significant minority
	Hungary	officially recognised minority language
	Italy	significant minority
	Moldova	official
	Romania	official
	Serbia	officially recognised minority language, co-official in province of Vojvodina
	Spain	minority
	Transnistria	co-official along with Russian and Ukrainian
	Ukraine	oficially recognised minority language
Romansh	Switzerland	co-official with French, Italian, and German

Slavic[]

Map of the Russian speaking world

Map of the Slavic languages

Language	Country/disputed territory	Status
Belarusian	Belarus	co-official with Russian
	Lithuania	minority
	Poland	minority
	Russia	minority
Bosnian	Bosnia and Herzegovina	co-official with Croatian and Serbian
	Croatia	significant minority
	Macedonia	minority
	Montenegro	minority
	Serbia	significant minority, official in Sandžak
	Turkey	significant minority
Bulgarian	Bulgaria	official
	Greece	minority
	Macedonia	minority
	Moldova	minority
	Romania	minority
	Serbia	minority
	Turkey	minority
	Ukraine	minority
Croatian	Austria	co-official with German and Hungarian in Burgenland
	Bosnia and Herzegovina	co-official with Bosnian and Serbian
	Croatia	official
	Italy	co-official in Molise
	Montenegro	minority
	Romania	official in the municipalities of Carașova and Lupac^[44]
	Serbia	co-official in province of Vojvodina with 5 other languages
Czech	Austria	minority
	Croatia	minority
	Czech Republic	official
	Germany	minority
	Slovakia	minority
Kashubian	Poland	official in Pomerania
Macedonian	Albania	minority, official in Pustec Municipality
	Macedonia	official
	Greece	minority
	Bulgaria	minority
	Serbia	minority, official in two municipalities
	Kosovo	minority
	Romania	minority
Montenegrin	Albania	minority
	Croatia	minority
	Montenegro	official
	Serbia	minority, official in some municipalities
	Kosovo	minority
	Macedonia	minority
Polish	Belarus	significant minority
	Lithuania	significant minority
	Poland	official
	Ukraine	significant minority
	Brazil	minority; see Polish Brazilian
	Ireland	minority
	United States	not official – minority^[9]
Russian	See also: List of countries where Russian is an official language
	Armenia	significant minority
	Azerbaijan	significant minority
	Belarus	co-official with Belarusian
	Bulgaria	minority
	China	minority
	Cyprus	significant minority
	Estonia	significant minority
	Finland	minority
	Georgia	significant minority
	Germany	significant minority
	Greece	minority
	Israel	significant minority
	Jordan	significant minority
	Kazakhstan	co-official with Kazakh
	North Korea	minority
	Kyrgyzstan	co-official with Kyrgyz
	Latvia	significant minority
	Lithuania	significant minority
	Transnistria	co-official with Ukrainian and Romanian
	Mongolia	significant minority
	Moldova	co-official in Gagauzia with Gagauz and Romanian
	Norway	minority
	Poland	minority
	Romania	significant minority
	Russia	official
	Serbia	minority
	Turkey	significant minority
	Tajikistan	significant minority
	Turkmenistan	significant minority
	Ukraine	significant minority, official in some regions
	United States	significant minority
	Uzbekistan	significant minority
Rusyn	Hungary	minority
	Poland	minority
	Romania	minority
	Slovakia	minority
	Ukraine	official in Zakarpattia
	Serbia	co-official in The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina with Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, and Croatian.
Serbian	Bosnia and Herzegovina	official with Croatian and Bosnian
	Croatia	significant minority
	Kosovo	co-official with Albanian
	Macedonia	minority
	Montenegro	minority
	Romania	co-official in Caraşova
	Serbia	official
Slovak	Czech Republic	Co-official
Slovak	Slovakia	official
Slovene	Austria	minority
	Croatia	minority
	Hungary	minority
	Italy	co-official in Friuli-Venezia Giulia with Friulian, Italian and German
	Slovenia	official
	United States	minority in Ohio^[45]
Sorbian, Lower	Germany	regional language in Brandenburg
Sorbian, Upper	Germany	regional language in Brandenburg and Saxony
Ukrainian	Argentina	minority
	Belarus	significant minority
	Brazil	minority
	Canada	minority
	Hungary	minority
	Kazakhstan	significant minority
	Kyrgyzstan	minority
	Moldova	significant minority
	Slovakia	minority
	Poland	minority
	Romania	significant minority
	Russia	significant minority
	Transnistria	co-official with Romanian and Russian
	Ukraine	official
	United Kingdom	minority
	United States	minority
	Uzbekistan	minority

Mongolic languages[]

Language	Country	Status
Mongolian	Mongolia	official
Mongolian	China	regional, co-official with Chinese in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Kalmyk Oirat	Russia	official language in Kalmykia^[46]
Daur	China	minority, spoken by Daur people in Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia

Turkic languages[]

Language	Country	Status
Azerbaijani	Azerbaijan	official
	Iran	regional
	Iraq	minority
	Georgia	regional
	Russia	co-official in Dagestan
	Syria	minority
	Turkey	regional
	Ukraine	minority
	Belarus	minority
Uyghur	China	regional, co-official with Chinese in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
Uyghur	Kazakhstan	minority
Uzbek	Afghanistan	minority
	China	minority
	Kyrgyzstan	minority
	Russia	minority
	Tajikistan	minority
	Turkmenistan	minority
	Uzbekistan	official
Kazakh	Afghanistan	minority
	China	regional, co-official with Chinese in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
	Iran	minority
	Kazakhstan	official
	Mongolia	minority
	Russia	minority
	Tajikistan	minority
	Turkey	minority
	Turkmenistan	minority
	Ukraine	minority
	Uzbekistan	minority
Kyrgyz	Afghanistan	minority
	China	minority
	Kyrgyzstan	official
	Pakistan	minority
	Tajikistan	minority
Turkish	Turkey	official
	Cyprus	co-official with Greek
	Iraq	recognized regional lang.
	Kosovo	recognized regional lang.
	Macedonia	recognized regional lang.
	Romania	recognized minority lang.
	Bulgaria	minority
	Greece	minority
	Germany	significant minority
	Netherlands	significant minority
	Israel	significant minority, from immigration from Palestine
	Austria	significant minority
	Denmark	significant minority
	Sweden	significant minority, from immigration from North Macedonia and Bulgaria
	Belgium	significant minority
	United Kingdom	significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus
	New Zealand	significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus, via UK
	Switzerland	significant minority
	Poland	significant minority, from immigration from Germany
	Ukraine	significant minority, from immigration from Georgia
	France	significant minority, from immigration from Algeria
	Canada	significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus and Algeria
	United States	significant minority, especially in big cities, such as New York City, Philadelphia and Chicago
	Australia	significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus
	Ireland	significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus
	Norway	significant minority, also from immigration from Algeria
Turkmen	Turkmenistan	official
	Iraq	majority in northern Iraq
	Iran	minority
	Afghanistan	minority
	Russia	spoken in Stavropol Krai
	Turkey	minority
Gagauz	Găgăuzia	official language of the autonomous region of Gagauzia, Moldova
	Moldova	recognized minority language
	Ukraine	recognized minority language
Tatar	Tatarstan	official language of the Republic of Tatarstan
	Russia	spoken in Russia and in former Soviet Union
	Turkey	minority
Crimean Tatar	Ukraine	spoken in Crimea and protected but not officially recognized language of Ukraine
	Romania	minority language in Dobroudja
	Turkey	minority
Siberian Tatar	Russia	in Siberia

Uralic languages[]

Language	Country	Status
Estonian	Estonia	official
	Latvia	minority
	Lithuania	minority
Finnish	Finland	co-official with Swedish except in Åland Islands, where Swedish is the only official language.
	Norway	minority
	Sweden	minority
Hungarian	Hungary	official
	Serbia	minority, co-official in Vojvodina
	Romania	significant minority
	Slovakia	minority
	Austria	minority
	Ukraine	minority
Sami	Finland	official minority language in Lapland.
	Norway	official
	Russia	non-recognised minority
	Sweden	official regional minority language

Afro-Asiatic languages[]

Distribution of Arabic as sole official language (green) and one of several official languages (blue)

Semitic languages[]

Arabic[]

Dispersion of native Arabic speakers as the majority (green) or minority (chartreuse) population

Regions	Country	Status
	Islam	Liturgical language of Islam
Africa	Algeria	co-official with Berber
	Comoros	co-official with French
	Chad	co-official with French
	Djibouti	co-official with French
	Egypt	official
	Eritrea	co-official with Tigrinya
	Libya	official
	Mali	minority, see Azawagh Arabs
	Mauritania	official
	Morocco	co-official with Berber
	Niger	minority, see Diffa Arabs, Azawagh Arabs
	Senegal	minority, see Hassaniya Arabic as Lingua franca; Lebanese in Senegal; Moors in Northern Senegal
	Somalia	co-official with Somali
	Sudan	co-official with English
	South Sudan	Juba Arabic as Lingua franca^[47]^[48]^[49]^[50]
	Tunisia	official
	Western Sahara	co-official with Spanish
Asia	Afghanistan	regional/religious
	Bahrain	official
	Cyprus	Cypriot Arabic recognized minority language along with Armenian; see Maronite Cypriots, Lebanese in Cyprus
	Iran	regional, see Iranian Arabs, Ahwazi Arabs, Khamseh Arabs, Marsh Arabs, Arabs in Khorasan
	Iraq	co-official with Kurdish
	Israel	special status; formerly co-official with Hebrew; see Arabs in Israel
	Jordan	official
	Kuwait	official
	Lebanon	official
	Oman	official
	Pakistan	optional language/religious
	Palestine	official
	Philippines	optional language along with Spanish/religious
	Qatar	official
	Saudi Arabia	official
	Syria	official
	United Arab Emirates	official
	Yemen	official
Europe	Austria	minority, see Arabs in Austria
	Belgium	significant minority, see Arabs in Belgium
	Bulgaria	minority, see Arabs in Bulgaria
	Denmark	minority, see Arabs in Denmark
	Finland	minority, see Arabs in Finland
	France	significant minority, see Arabs in France
	Germany	significant minority, see Arabs in Germany
	Greece	minority, see Arabs in Greece
	Italy	minority, see Arabs in Italy
	Malta	minority, see Arabs in Malta
	Netherlands	minority, see Arabs in the Netherlands
	Romania	minority, see Arabs in Romania
	Spain	significant minority, see Arabs in Spain
	Sweden	minority, see Arabs in Sweden
	Switzerland	minority, see Arabs in Switzerland
	Turkey	significant minority, see Arabs in Turkey
	United Kingdom	minority, see British Arabs
Oceania	Australia	minority, see Arab Australians
North America	Canada	minority, see Arab Canadians
North America	United States	significant minority,^[9] see Arab Americans
South America	Argentina	significant minority, see Arab Argentines
	Brazil	significant minority, see Arab Brazilian
	Chile	minority, see Arab Chileans
	Colombia	significant minority, see Arab Colombians
	Uruguay	minority, see Arab Uruguayans
	Venezuela	significant minority, see Arab Venezuelan

Other Semitic languages[]

Language	Country	Status
Amharic	Ethiopia	official
Hebrew	Judaism	Liturgical language of Judaism
Hebrew	Israel	official
Maltese	Malta	official
	Australia	minority
	Canada	minority
	Italy	minority
	United States	minority
Tigrinya	Eritrea	co-official with Arabic
Tigrinya	Ethiopia	minority

Dravidian languages[]

Language	Country	Status
Badaga	India	minority
Brahui	Pakistan	minority, spoken in Balochistan
	Iran	minority
	Afghanistan	minority
	Turkmenistan	minority
Chenchu	India	minority
Duruwa	India	minority
Gondi	India	minority
Kannada	India	official language in the state of Karnataka. Also spoken in the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra, Goa. With significant minorities in Delhi, Gurgaon, Kolkata and Gujarat.
Kannada	United States	minority
Kolami	India	minority
Koraga	India	minority
Kota	India	minority, endangered Dravidian language
Koya	India	minority
Kui	India	minority
Kumarbhag Paharia	India	minority
Kurukh	Bangladesh	minority
Kurukh	India	minority
Maria	India	minority
Nagarchal	India	minority, endangered Dravidian language
Pardhan	India	minority
Sauria Paharia	India	minority
Sauria Paharia	Bangladesh	minority
Toda	India	minority, endangered Dravidian language
Telugu	India	official Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Yanam
	Mauritius	minority
	Denmark	minority
	Germany	minority
	Ireland	minority
	Poland	minority
	Sweden	minority
	Russia	minority
	Malaysia	minority
	Myanmar	minority
	Saudi Arabia	minority
	Sri Lanka	minority
	United Arab Emirates	minority
	Australia	minority
	New Zealand	minority
	Canada	minority
	United States	minority
	Trinidad and Tobago	minority
	Guyana	minority
	Suriname	minority
	Guadeloupe	minority
	Martinique	minority
Tamil	India	official language in the state of Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Also spoken in the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala (Palakkad region). With significant minorities in Delhi, Gurgaon, Uttar Pradesh (NOIDA, Ghaziabad, Lucknow, Varanasi, Allahabad), Bengal (Kolkata and Durgapur), Gujarat (Ahmadabad, Baroda, Surat & Jamnagar), Rajasthan(Jaipur and Ajmer), small minorities in Bihar(Patna and Gaya) and Manipur.
	Sri Lanka	official (national) language along with Sinhala, 1,229,000 Muslims, 4,656,000 Hindu^[51]
	Singapore	official language along with English, Mandarin, and Malay, 127,000 speakers^[51]
	Australia	minority
	Bahrain	minority, 35,000 speakers^[51]
	Canada	significant minority, 200,000 speakers^[51]
	Fiji	significant minority, 78,000 speakers^[51]
	France	significant minority
	Germany	minority, 33,000 speakers^[51]
	Malaysia	significant minority 1.8 million speakers^[51]
	Mauritius	significant minority, 115,200 speakers^[51]
	Myanmar	significant minority, 151,000 speakers^[51]
	New Zealand	minority
	Oman	minority, 101,000 speakers^[51]
	South Africa	significant minority, 600,000 speakers^[51]
	Thailand	minority, 34,200 speakers^[51]
	United Kingdom	Significant minority, 101,000 speakers or 0.2%^[51]
	United States	significant minority, 250,000 speakers^[51]
	Trinidad and Tobago	minority
	Guyana	significant minority
	Suriname	minority
	Guadeloupe	minority
	Martinique	minority
Malayalam	India	official at state of Kerala and Union Territory of Lakshwadeep. co-official in Puducherry (Mahe)
	United Arab Emirates	significant minority, 319,000 speakers^[52]
	Australia	minority
	Bahrain	minority, 51,000 speakers^[52]
	Canada	minority, 18,000 speakers^[52]
	Kuwait	minority
	Malaysia	minority, 172,000 speakers^[52]
	New Zealand	minority, 6,000 speakers^[52]
	Oman	minority, 69,000 speakers^[52]
	Qatar	minority, 63,000 speakers^[52]
	Saudi Arabia	minority
	Singapore	minority, 24,000 speakers^[52]
	United Kingdom	minority
	United States	minority, 84,000 speakers^[52]
Tulu	Bahrain	minority
	India	minority; mainly in the region of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and in the state of Maharashtra
	Kuwait	minority
	Oman	minority
	Qatar	minority
	Saudi Arabia	significant minority
	United Arab Emirates	minority
	United States	significant minority
Kodava	India	minority
Ollari	India	minority

Japonic languages[]

Language	Country	Status
Japanese	Japan	national
	Philippines	significant minority. See Japanese in the Philippines
	France	minority
	Brazil	significant minority
	Peru	minority
	United States	minority
	Palau	Official in Angaur
	Taiwan	minority
Ryukyuan	Brazil	minority
	Japan	minority
	Taiwan	minority

Koreanic languages[]

Language	Country	Status
Korean	Australia	minority
	Brazil	minority
	Canada	minority
	China	minority, co-official with Chinese in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province
	Japan	minority
	North Korea	official
	Philippines	minority
	South Korea	official
	Taiwan	minority
	United States	minority
Jeju	South Korea	official, in Jeju Island

Language isolate[]

Language	Country	Status
Basque	See also: Basque Country (historical territory)
	France	majority in Northern Basque Country
	Spain	co-official with Spanish in Basque Country and parts of Navarre
	Venezuela	minority, from immigration. See Basque Venezuelan
Nihali	India	minority, endangered language

South Caucasian languages[]

Language	Country	Status
Georgian	Georgia	official
	Turkey	minority
	Iran	minority
	Azerbaijan	minority
Mingrelian language	Georgia	significant language
Mingrelian language	Abkhazia	significant language
Svan language	Georgia	minority
Laz language	Turkey	significant language
Laz language	Georgia	minority

Sino-Tibetan languages[]

Other Sino-Tibetan[]

Language	Country	Status
Burmese^[53]	Myanmar	official
	Malaysia	minority
	Singapore	minority, 50,000 p.
	Thailand	minority
Dzongkha	Bhutan	official
Tibetan^[54]	China	minority, official in Tibet Autonomous Region
	Nepal	minority, in Upper Mustang
	India	minority
Hani^[55]	China	minority, in Yunnan province.
	Vietnam	minority, called "Hà Nhì"
	Laos	minority,
Karen^[53]	Australia	minority, 11,000 p.
	Myanmar	minority, 7 mi. p.,
	Thailand	minority, 1 mi. p.,
	United States	minority, 70,000 p.
Lahu^[56]	China	minority, 720,000 peoples, in Yunnan province.
	Laos	minority
	Myanmar	minority, 150,000 peoples
	Thailand	minority, 100,000 peoples
	United States	minority
	Vietnam	minority, called "La Hủ"
Meithei	India	recognized minority, spoken by 1.25 mi. p. in Manipur and others
Nuosu (Yi, Lolo)	China	minority, spoken by 7.76 mi. of Yi people in South China^[57]
Nuosu (Yi, Lolo)	Vietnam	minority, called "Lô Lô".

Chinese[]

Yue language[]

The varieties of spoken Chinese in Eastern China and Taiwan.

Map of the Sinophone world.

Countries identified Chinese as a primary, administrative, or native language

Countries with more than 5,000,000 Chinese speakers

Countries with more than 1,000,000 Chinese speakers

Countries with more than 500,000 Chinese speakers

Countries with more than 100,000 Chinese speakers

Cantonese[]

Regions	Country	Status
Africa	Angola	minority
	Cape Verde	minority
	Mauritius	minority
	South Africa	minority
Asia	Brunei	minority
	Cambodia	minority
	China	regional
	Hong Kong	co-official with English
	Indonesia	minority
	Japan	minority
	North Korea	minority
	South Korea	minority
	Laos	minority
	Macau	co-official with Portuguese
	Malaysia	minority
	Myanmar	minority
	Philippines	minority
	Singapore	minority
	Thailand	minority
	Vietnam	minority
Europe	Bulgaria	minority
	France	minority
	Germany	minority
	Ireland	minority
	Italy	minority
	Netherlands	minority
	Romania	minority
	Russia	minority
	Serbia	minority
	Spain	minority
	United Kingdom	minority
North America	Canada	minority
	Cuba	minority
	Dominican Republic	minority
	Jamaica	minority
	Mexico	minority
	Nicaragua	minority
	Panama	minority
	Trinidad and Tobago	minority
	United States	minority
Oceania	Australia	minority
	Fiji	minority
	New Zealand	minority
	Samoa	minority
	Tonga	minority
South America	Argentina	minority
	Brazil	minority
	Chile	regional
	Guyana	minority
	Suriname	minority
	Peru	minority
	Suriname	minority
	Venezuela	minority

Taishanese[]

Regions	Country	Status
Africa	South Africa	minority
Asia	China	regional
	Indonesia	minority
	Malaysia	minority
	Philippines	minority
	Singapore	minority
	Thailand	minority
	Vietnam	minority
Europe	United Kingdom	minority
North America	Canada	minority
North America	United States	minority
Oceania	Australia	minority
Oceania	New Zealand	minority
South America	Brazil	minority
	Peru	minority
	Venezuela	minority

Hakka[]

Regions	Country	Status
Africa	Angola	minority
	Cape Verde	minority
	Mauritius	minority
	South Africa	minority
Asia	Brunei	minority
	Cambodia	minority
	China	regional
	Hong Kong	minority
	Indonesia	minority
	Japan	minority
	North Korea	minority
	South Korea	minority
	Laos	minority
	Macau	minority
	Malaysia	minority
	Myanmar	minority
	Philippines	minority
	Singapore	minority
	Taiwan	co-official with Chinese
	Thailand	minority
	Vietnam	minority
Europe	Bulgaria	minority
	France	minority
	Germany	minority
	Ireland	minority
	Italy	minority
	Netherlands	minority
	Romania	minority
	Russia	minority
	Serbia	minority
	Spain	minority
	United Kingdom	minority
North America	Canada	minority
	Cuba	minority
	Dominican Republic	minority
	Jamaica	minority
	Mexico	minority
	Nicaragua	minority
	Panama	minority
	Trinidad and Tobago	minority
	United States	minority
Oceania	Australia	minority
	Fiji	minority
	New Zealand	minority
	Samoa	minority
	Tonga	minority
South America	Argentina	minority
	Brazil	minority
	Chile	regional
	Guyana	minority
	Peru	minority
	Suriname	minority

Mandarin[]

Standard Chinese[]

Regions	Country	Status
Africa	Angola	minority
	Cape Verde	minority
	Mauritius	minority
	South Africa	minority
Asia	Brunei	minority
	Cambodia	minority
	China	national
	Hong Kong	minority
	Indonesia	minority
	Japan	minority
	North Korea	minority
	South Korea	minority
	Laos	minority
	Macau	minority
	Malaysia	significant minority
	Myanmar	minority
	Philippines	minority
	Singapore	co-official with English, Malay and Tamil
	Taiwan	official
	Thailand	minority
	Vietnam	minority
Europe	Bulgaria	minority
	France	minority
	Germany	minority
	Ireland	minority
	Italy	minority
	Netherlands	minority
	Romania	minority
	Russia	minority
	Serbia	minority
	Spain	minority
	United Kingdom	minority
North America	Canada	minority
	Cuba	minority
	Dominican Republic	minority
	Jamaica	minority
	Mexico	minority
	Nicaragua	minority
	Panama	minority
	Puerto Rico	minority
	Trinidad and Tobago	minority
	United States	minority^[9]
Oceania	Australia	minority
	Fiji	minority
	New Zealand	minority
	Samoa	minority
	Tonga	minority
South America	Argentina	minority
	Brazil	minority
	Chile	regional
	Guyana	minority
	Peru	minority
	Suriname	minority
	Venezuela	minority

Min/Min Nan[]

Regions	Country	Status
Africa	Angola	minority
	Cape Verde	minority
	Mauritius	minority
	South Africa	minority
Asia	Brunei	minority
	Cambodia	minority
	China	regional
	Hong Kong	minority
	Indonesia	minority
	Japan	minority
	North Korea	minority
	South Korea	minority
	Laos	minority
	Macau	minority
	Malaysia	minority, lingua franca in Penang
	Myanmar	minority
	Philippines	minority
	Singapore	widely spoken among the older generation, still a minority for the younger generation
	Taiwan	widely spoken, lingua franca alongside Hakka, see Taiwanese Hokkien, statutory language for public transportation announcements
	Thailand	minority
	Vietnam	minority
Europe	Bulgaria	minority
	France	minority
	Germany	minority
	Ireland	minority
	Italy	minority
	Netherlands	minority
	Romania	minority
	Russia	minority
	Serbia	minority
	Spain	minority
	United Kingdom	minority
North America	Canada	minority
	Cuba	minority
	Dominican Republic	minority
	Jamaica	minority
	Mexico	minority
	Nicaragua	minority
	Panama	minority
	Trinidad and Tobago	minority
	United States	minority
Oceania	Australia	minority
	Fiji	minority
	New Zealand	minority
	Samoa	minority
	Tonga	minority
South America	Argentina	minority
	Brazil	minority
	Chile	regional
	Guyana	minority
	Peru	minority
	Suriname	minority

Other Sinitic languages[]

Language	Country	Status
Gaoyang	China	regional
Hui	China	regional
Jin	China	regional
Hainanese	China	regional
Pinghua	China	regional
Wu	China	regional
	Hong Kong	minority
	United States	minority
	Canada	minority
Xiang	China	regional

Malayo-Polynesian languages[]

Bornean[]

Language	Country	Status
Bajau	Indonesia	minority
	Malaysia	minority
	Philippines	minority
Brunei Malay	Brunei	regional
Brunei Malay	Malaysia	minority
Coastal Kadazan	Malaysia	minority
Iban	Malaysia	regional
	Brunei	minority
	Indonesia	minority
Malagasy	Comoros	minority
	Madagascar	official
	Mayotte	minority
Sama	Indonesia	minority
	Malaysia	minority
	Philippines	minority
Yakan	Philippines	regional

Philippine[]

Map of the Tagalog-speaking world

Countries with more than 500,000 speakers

Countries with more than 100,000 speakers

Countries where it is spoken by minor communities

Language	Country	Status
Aklanon	Philippines	regional
Bantik	Indonesia	minority
Bikol	Philippines	regional
Bolinao	Philippines	regional
Cebuano	Philippines	regional
	Saudi Arabia	minority
	United States	minority
Cuyonon	Philippines	minority
Hiligaynon	Philippines	regional
Hiligaynon	United States	minority
Ibanag	Philippines	regional
Ifugao	Philippines	minority
Ilocano	Philippines	regional
Ilocano	United States	minority
Iranun	Malaysia	minority
Iranun	Philippines	regional
Ivatan	Philippines	minority
Kalinga	Philippines	minority
Kamayo	Philippines	minority
Kankana-ey	Philippines	minority
Kapampangan	Philippines	regional
Kinaray-a	Philippines	minority
Maguindanao	Philippines	regional
Maranao	Malaysia	minority
	Philippines	regional
	Saudi Arabia	minority
	United States	minority
Masbatenyo	Philippines	minority
Pangasinan	Philippines	regional
Romblomanon	Philippines	minority
Sangirese	Indonesia	minority
Sangirese	Philippines	minority
Surigaonon	Philippines	regional
Tagalog	Australia	minority
	Brunei	minority
	Canada	minority
	Guam	regional
	Hong Kong	minority
	Indonesia	minority
	Israel	minority
	Italy	minority
	Japan	significant minority
	Kuwait	minority
	Macau	minority
	Malaysia	significant minority
	New Zealand	minority
	Northern Mariana Islands	minority
	Palau	regional
	Philippines	regional and co-official with English
	Qatar	minority
	Saudi Arabia	significant minority
	Singapore	minority
	South Korea	minority
	Spain	minority
	Taiwan	minority
	Thailand	minority
	United Arab Emirates	minority
	United Kingdom	minority
	United States	significant minority^[9]
Tao	Taiwan	minority
Talaud	Indonesia	minority
Tausug	Brunei	minority
	Indonesia	minority
	Malaysia	minority
	Philippines	regional
Tondano	Indonesia	minority
Tonsawang	Indonesia	minority
Tonsea	Indonesia	minority
Waray	Philippines	regional
Zambal	Philippines	regional

Oceanic[]

East Fijian[]

Language	Country	Status
Fijian	Fiji	official

Micronesian[]

Language	Country	Status
Carolinian	Northern Mariana Islands	official
Carolinian	Guam	minority
Chuukese	FS. Micronesia	regional
Gilbertese	Fiji	minority
	Kiribati	official
	Nauru	minority
	Solomon Islands	minority
	Tuvalu	minority
	Vanuatu	minority
Kosraean	FS. Micronesia	regional
Marshallese	Marshall Islands	official
Nauruan	Nauru	official
Pohnpeian	FS. Micronesia	regional
Sosorolese	Palau	regional
Tobian	Palau	regional
Ulithian	FS. Micronesia	regional
Yapese	FS. Micronesia	regional

Polynesian[]

Language	Country	Status
Cook Islands Māori	Cook Islands	official
Futunan	Wallis and Futuna	official
Hawaiian	Hawaii	official
Māori	New Zealand	co-official with English and New Zealand Sign Language
Niuean	Cook Islands	minority
	Niue	official
	New Zealand	minority
	Tonga	minority
Rapa Nui	Easter Island	official
Samoan	American Samoa	official
Samoan	Samoa	official
Tahitan	French Polynesia	official
Tokelauan	Tokelau	official
Tongan	Tonga	official
Tuvaluan	Tuvalu	official
Wallisian	Wallis and Futuna	official

Map of locations speakers of Indonesian

Malayo-Sumbawan[]

Language	Country	Status
Acehnese	Indonesia	minority
Balinese	Indonesia	minority
Banjarese	Indonesia	minority
Cham^[58]	Cambodia	minority
	Vietnam	minority
	Malaysia	minority
Indonesian	Indonesia	official
	East Timor	co-official with Tetum
	Malaysia	minority
	Brunei	minority
	Singapore	minority
	Taiwan	widely spoken, the people were historically in charged to colonize Dutch East Indies and Indonesia has become the biggest work force in Taiwan
	Thailand	minority
	Philippines	minority
Jarai^[59]	Vietnam	minority
Jarai^[59]	Cambodia	minority
Javanese	Indonesia	regional
	Malaysia	minority
	Suriname	minority
Lampung	Indonesia	minority
Madurese	Indonesia	minority
Makassarese	Indonesia	minority
Malay	Malaysia	official
	Brunei	official
	Singapore	co-official
	Indonesia	regional
	Philippines	significant minority
	Taiwan	significant minority from historical event, see Japanese Empire
	Thailand	minority
Minangkabau	Indonesia	regional
	Malaysia	regional
	Singapore	minority
Palauan	Palau	official
Rejang	Indonesia	minority
Sasak	Indonesia	minority
Tetum	East Timor	official

Tungusic languages[]

Language	Country	Status
Evenki	Russia	minority, in Siberia
	China	minority, in Evenki Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia
	Mongolia	minority
Nanai (Hezhen)	Russia	minority, in Khabarovsk Krai
Nanai (Hezhen)	China	minority, in Heilongjiang Province
Manchu	China	in North East china

Na-Dene[]

Apachean[]

Language	Country	Status
Navajo	United States^[60]	minority
Apache	United States	minority
Chiricahua	United States	minority
Jicarilla	United States	minority
Lipan Apache	United States	minority
Plains Apache	United States	minority
Mescalero	United States	minority
Western Apache	United States	minority

Iroquoian[]

Language	Country	Status
Cherokee	United States	minority; mostly spoken in the region of Cherokee Nation in the state of Oklahoma
Erie (Language)	United States	minority

Uto-Aztecan[]

Language	Country	Status
Hopi	United States	officially; in Hopi Reservation Hopi, AZ
Tübatulabal	United States	minority
Tongva	United States	minority; in Los Angeles, CA
Numic	United States	minority

Austroasiatic[]

Language	Country	Status
Bahnar^[61]	Vietnam	minority, 227,716 p. in south Vietnam (2009)
Bru^[62]	Laos	minority, 69,000 p. in south Laos.
	Vietnam	minority, 74,500 p. in central Vietnam (2009)
	Thailand	minority
Khasi	India	official language in Meghalaya
Khasi	Bangladesh	minority
Khmer^[63]	Cambodia	official
	Vietnam	minority, 1.26 mi. p. in south Vietnam
	Thailand	minority
Khmu^[62]	Laos	minority, 621,000 p.
	Vietnam	minority, 73,000 p.
	Thailand	minority, 10,000 p.
	China	minority
Kuy^[64]	Thailand	minority
	Cambodia	minority
	Laos	minority
Mnong^[61]	Vietnam	minority
Mnong^[61]	Cambodia	minority
Mon	Myanmar	Recognised regional language
Mon	Thailand	minority
Muong^[61]	Vietnam	minority, spoken by 1.6 mi. Muong peoples in north Vietnam
Vietnamese	Vietnam	official
	Czech Republic	minority^[65]
	United States	minority^[9]
	Australia	minority, 0.21 mi.p.^[66]
	Cambodia	minority, 0.6 mi.p.^[67]
	Canada	minority, 0.22 mi.p.
	France	minority, 0.3 mi.p.
	Laos	minority, 0.1 mi.p.
Wa^[68]	Myanmar	minority, 0.9 mi. peoples in Shan state
Wa^[68]	China	minority, 0.4 mi. peoples in China's Yunnan Province.

Tai–Kadai[]

Language	Country	Status
Bouyei^[69]	China	minority, in south China
Bouyei^[69]	Vietnam	minority, called "Giáy", in north Vietnam
Lao	Laos	official
Lao	Thailand	minority, known as Isan, 20 mi. p. in northern and eastern Thailand
Thai	Thailand	official
	China	minority, spoken by Dai people in south China, noted as Tai Lü and Tai Nüa
	Myanmar	minority,
	Vietnam	minority, 1.6 mi. p., as Thái dialect in north Vietnam
Shan^[53]	Myanmar	minority, but majority in Shan state
Shan^[53]	Thailand	minority, in north-west
Nung^[61]	Vietnam	minority, spoken by 1 mi. p. in north Vietnam
Tày^[61]	Vietnam	minority, spoken by 1.6 mi. p. in north Vietnam
Zhuang	China	minority,^[70] 18 mi. peoples, most in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Hmong–Mien[]

Language	Country	Status
Hmong^[71] (Miao)	China	minority
	Vietnam	minority
	Laos	minority
	Thailand	minority
	United States	minority
	Australia	minority
	France	minority
Mienic (Yao)	China	minority
	Vietnam	minority, called "Dao"
	Laos	minority
	Thailand	minority

Pama-Nyungan[]

Language	Country	Status
Yolŋu	Australia	minority
Gurindji	Australia	minority
Ngaanyatjarra	Australia	minority
Kartu	Australia	minority
Karnic	Australia	minority
Yotayotic	Australia	minority
Yuin–Kuric	Australia	minority
Warlpiri	Australia	minority
Kalaw Lagaw Ya	Australia	minority
Warrongo	Australia	minority

Note[]

^ Includes Bangladeshi Americans, Americans of Bangladeshi descent and Bengali Indian Americans, Americans of Indian descent whose ancestral origins are in West Bengal, the Barak Valley and Tripura

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^ Languages of Cambodia. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
^ Kuy. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
^ Citizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally and on long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in front of the courts of law (for the list of recognized minorities see National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic). The article 25 of the Czech Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms ensures right of the national and ethnic minorities for education and communication with authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) ensures, that a citizen of the Czech Republic, who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, have right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In case that the administrative agency doesn't have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (About The Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law) the same applies for the members of national minorities also in front of the courts of law.
^ Year Book Australia, 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
^ CIA. The World Factbook/ Cambodia/Race, 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
^ Wa, Parauk. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
^ Bouyei. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
^ Map of Major Zhuang language groups
^ Bryce Schroeder's Hmong page. Retrieved 01/08/2015.

External links[]

[39] Includes Bangladeshi Americans, Americans of Bangladeshi descent and Bengali Indian Americans, Americans of Indian descent whose ancestral origins are in West Bengal, the Barak Valley and Tripura

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[gheg-2] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m "Albanian, Gheg". Ethnologue. Retrieved 6 April 2017.

[3] "Albanian, Arvanitika". Ethnologue. Retrieved 6 April 2017.

[4] "Albanian, Arbëreshë". Ethnologue. Retrieved 6 April 2017.

[5] "Albanian". Ethnologue. Retrieved 6 April 2017.

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[8] "1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines". Official website of the Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 20 February 2008. Cite journal requires |journal= (help) ||Article XIV, Section 7

[Johnson-9] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h [1] Johnson, Fern L. "Speaking culturally: language diversity in the United States," Table 1.5: "Speakers age 5 years and older of top 25 languages other than English." Sage Publications, Inc., 1999. Page 12. ISBN 978-0-8039-5912-5. Retrieved 5 August 2011

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[11] Christoph Marcinkowski (15 July 2013). "The Iranian Shi'i Diaspora in Malaysia". Middle East Institute. Archived from the original on 19 January 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2015.

[12] Vijenthi Nair (11 June 2011). "Iranians feeling at home in Malaysia". The Star. Archived from the original on 19 January 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2015.

[13] [List of countries by spoken languages, p. 160, at Google Books Iran's Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Era: Resisting the New World order] Check |url= value (help). Retrieved 2 May 2014.

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[20] "Población extranjera por sexo, país de nacionalidad y edad (hasta 85 y más).", Avance del Padrón a 1 de enero de 2009. Datos provisionales, Spain: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, 2009, archived from the original on 14 December 2009, retrieved 13 June 2009

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[29] Aina Nasa (27 July 2017). "More than 1.7 million foreign workers in Malaysia; majority from Indonesia". New Straits Times. Retrieved 22 October 2017.

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[32] "کراچی کے 'بنگالی پاکستانی'(Urdu)". محمد عثمان جامعی. 17 November 2003. Retrieved 2 April 2013.

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[40] "NHS Profile, Canada, 2011, Census Data". Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. Retrieved 4 February 2015.

[41] "Census shows Indian population and languages have exponentially grown in Australia". SBS Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

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[43] "Hindi is largest spoken Indian language in U.S." The Hindu. 4 November 2015.

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[45] Croats of Romania

[46] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[47] Kalmyk-Oirat in Ethnologue. Retrieved 01/08/2015.

[UNICEF-48] United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF): The impact of language policy and practice on children’s learning: Evidence from Eastern and Southern Africa 2016 (PDF; 672 kB), Pages 1-3, Retrieved 17 September 2018

[49] Manfredi, Stefano (2013). "Juba Arabic (ÁRABI JÚBA): A "less indigenous language" of South Sudan". www.academia.edu. Retrieved 17 September 2018.

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[51] Manfredi Stefano; Tosco Mauro (2013), Language uses vs. language policy: South Sudan and Juba Arabic in the post-independence era (PDF; 301 kB), Pages 798-802, III Congresso Coordinamento Universitario per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, Sep 2013, Turin, Italy. JUNCO, Journal of Universities and International Development Cooperation, 2014, Imagining Cultures of Cooperation - Proceedings of the III CUCS Congress, Turin 19–21 September 2013, Retrieved 17 September 2018

[tamil-52] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "Language: Tamil". Joshua Project.

[malayalam-53] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Language: Malayalam". Joshua Project.

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[55] Standard Tibetan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015). Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[56] Hani. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[57] Lahu. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[58] The Yi Ethnic Group. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[59] Cham, Western & Cham, Eastern. Ethnologue. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[60] Jarai. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015 Archived 18 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[census2007-61] sus.gov 2007 American Community Survey. Accessed 2010-07-13.

[VNLang-62] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Languages of Viet Nam. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[LaoLang-63] Jump up to: ^a ^b Languages of Laos. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[CambLang-64] Languages of Cambodia. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[65] Kuy. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[czlanguages-66] Citizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally and on long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in front of the courts of law (for the list of recognized minorities see National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic). The article 25 of the Czech Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms ensures right of the national and ethnic minorities for education and communication with authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) ensures, that a citizen of the Czech Republic, who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, have right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In case that the administrative agency doesn't have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (About The Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law) the same applies for the members of national minorities also in front of the courts of law.

[67] Year Book Australia, 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[68] CIA. The World Factbook/ Cambodia/Race, 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[69] Wa, Parauk. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[70] Bouyei. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

[71] Map of Major Zhuang language groups

[72] Bryce Schroeder's Hmong page. Retrieved 01/08/2015.

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