List of green seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
Map of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay coastline showing some of the landmarks referred to in species range statements. Melkbosstrand is a few kilometers north of the displayed area on the west coast. Cape Hangklip is shown on the map to the south east.
Marine ecoregions of the South African exclusive economic zone
Map of the Southern African coastline showing some of the landmarks referred to in species range statements.
This is a list of green seaweeds recorded from the oceans bordering The Cape Peninsula in South Africa from Melkbosstrand on the West Coast to Cape Hangklip on the South Coast. This list comprises locally used common names, scientific names with author citation and recorded ranges. Ranges specified may not be the entire known range for the species, but should include the known range within the waters surrounding the Republic of South Africa.
Green seaweed refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae in the taxon Chlorophyta
The marine ecology is unusually varied for an area of this size, as a result of the meeting of two major oceanic water masses near Cape Point, and the area extends into two coastal marine bioregions. The ecology of the west or "Atlantic Seaboard" side of the Cape Peninsula is noticeably different in character and biodiversity to that of the east, or "False Bay" side. Both sides are classified as temperate waters, but there is a significant difference in average temperature, with the Atlantic side being noticeably colder on average.[1]
List ordering and taxonomy complies where possible with the current usage in Algaebase, and may differ from the cited source, as listed citations are primarily for range or existence of records for the region. Sub-taxa within any given taxon are arranged alphabetically as a general rule. Details of each species may be available through the relevant internal links. Synonyms may be listed where useful.
Class: Bryopsidophyceae[]
Order: Bryopsidales[]
Family: Bryopsidaceae[]
- Bryopsis africana Areschoug, 1851,[2] (Probably along the whole of the west Cape coast)[3]
- Stegenga, Bolton & Anderson 1997,[4] (Muizenberg, endemic) [3]
- Lamouroux, 1809c,[5] (False Bay)[3]
- Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson 1778) C.Agardh 1823,l syn. Ulva plumosa Hudson 1778,[6] (False Bay and eastward)[3]
Family: Caulerpaceae[]
- G. Murray, 1896,[7] (Rare in Western Cape, Cape Hangklip and Muizenberg. Mainly from south coast. endemic)[3]
- Strap caulerpa Caulerpa filiformis (Suhr) Hering 1841, syn.Amphibolis filiformis Suhr 1834, Himandactylius filiformis (Suhr) Trevisan 1849,[8] (False Bay to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[3][9]
- Feathery caulerpa G. Murray, 1891,[10] (Mainly a south coast species. the westernmost records at Cape of Good Hope, endemic)[3]
Family: Codiaceae[]
- Duthie's upright codium Silva in Silva & Womersley, 1956,[11] (Mainly a south and east coast species, westwards as far as Langebaan logoon.)[3](From Namibia along the entire South African coast)[9]
- Fragile upright codium Codium fragile subsp. fragile (Suringar) Hariot 1889, syn Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot subsp. capense Silva 1959a, Acanthocodium fragile Suringar 1867,[12] (Whole of Cape west coast and most of Namibia, Eastward as far as Robberg, Plettenberg Bay)[3]
- Silva, 1959a,[13] (Namibia to Cape Peninsula, endemic)[3]
- Lucas' codium Codium lucasii Setchell subsp. capense Silva 1959a,[14] (Strand, False Bay to southern Mozambique)[3][9]
- Silva, 1959a,[15] (West coast of Cape Peninsula to southern KwaZulu-Natal, single specimen from Sodwana Bay, endemic)[3][9]
- Flat-lobed codium Areschoug 1854,[16] (False Bay to mouth of Mtwalume river in KwaZulu-Natal)[3][9]
- Stephens' codium Dickinson 1932,[17] (St Helena Bay to Transkei, endemic)[3]
Family: Derbesiaceae[]
- Taylor 1945,[18] (Muizenberg and Strandfontein, False Bay, and Eastern Cape and Transkei)[3]
- (Lyngbye) Solier 1846, syn. Vaucheria marina Lyngbye 1819,[19] (Muizenberg, False Bay, and Eastern Cape and Transkei)[3]
Family: Udoteaceae[]
- Chlorodesmis sp. indet (Oudekraal, Cape Peninsula, endemic)[3]
Class: Chlorophyceae[]
Order: Chaetophorales[]
Family: Chaetophoraceae[]
- Acrochaete sp. indet (Glencairn (False Bay) and De Hoop Nature Reserve)[3]
Family: []
Class: Ulvophyceae[]
Order: Cladophorales[]
Family: Cladophoraceae[]
- Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kützing 1849, syn. Conferva aerea Dillwyn 1806, Chloronitum aerea (Dillwyn) Gaillon 1828,[21] (False Bay to Cape Agulhas)[3]
- Hair weed Chaetomorpha linum (O.F.Müller) Kützing 1845, syn. Conferva linum O.F.Müller 1778, Lychaete linum (O.F.Müller) Areschoug 1851,[22] (Kalk Bay and Simon's Town harbours)[3]
- Robust hair-weed (Areschoug) Papenfuss 1940, syn. Lychaete robusta Areschoug 1851,[23] (Namibia to Hermanus)[3]
- Chaetomorpha sp. indet, (Clovelly, False Bay)[3]
- Cape cladophora (C.Agardh) De Toni 1889, syn. Conferva capensis C.Agardh 1824,[24] (Namibia to southern Cape Peninsula)[3]
- Turf cladophora Levring 1938,[25] (Olifantsbos to Lüderitz)[3]
- Kuetzing 1843,[26] (Glencairn, False Bay)[3]
- Blue whip cladophora (Suhr) Kützing 1849, syn. Conferva flagelliformis Suhr 1840, Lychaete flagelliformis (Suhr) Areschoug 1851,[27] (Brandfontein to Namibia)[3]
- Simons 1960,[28] (Port Nolloth to Cape Hangklip)[3]
- (C.Agardh) Rabenhorst in Hohenacker 1852, syn. Conferva mirabilis C.Agardh 1820,[29] (Cape Hangklip to Cape Fria, Namibia)[3]
- (Suhr) Kützing 1889, syn. Conferva radiosa Suhr 1834,[30] (Table Bay eastwards to Cape Morgan)[3]
- (Hudson) Kützing 1843, syn. Conferva sericea Hudson 1762, Chloronitum sericeum (Hudson) Gallion 1928,[31] (Cape Peninsula north to Melkbosstrand, east to De Hoop nature reserve)[3]
- Cladophora sp. indet. (Clovelly to Buffels Bay, Cape Peninsula)[3]
- (Dillwyn) Kützing 1845, SYN. Conferva implexa Dillwyn 1809, Rhizoclonium riparium var. implexum (Dillwyn) Rosenvinge 1893,[32] (Kraalbaai, Langebaan lagoon and Clovelly, Cape Peninsula)[3]
Order: Ulotrichales[]
Family: Ulotrichaceae[]
- Ulothrix flacca (Dillwyn) Thuret in Le Jolis 1863, syn. Conferva flacca Dillwyn 1805, Lyngbya flacca (Dillwyn) Harvey 1849,[33] (Cape Peninsula and False Bay)[3]
- Ulothrix speciosa (Carmichael) Kützing 1849, syn Ulothrix zonata var. speciosa (Carmichael) Stockmayer, Lyngbya speciosa Carmichael 1833, Hormotrichum speciosum (Carmichael) P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan 1852, Urospora speciosa (Carmichael) Leblond ex G.Hamel 1931,[34] (Known from a single collection at Kalk Bay)[3]
Order: Ulvales[]
Family: Ulvaceae[]
- Blidingia minima (Nägeli ex Kützing) Kylin 1947, syn. Enteromorpha minima Nägeli ex Kützing 1849, Enteromorpha compressa var. minima (Nägeli ex Hauck) Hamel 1931, Enteromorpha nana var. minima (Nägeli ex Hauck) Sjøstedt 1939,[35] (Kraalbaai, Langebaan lagoon to False Bay, and Eastern Cape)[3]
- Tanner 1980,[36] (Kalk Bay and Cape Hangklip)[3]
- (Levring) M.J.Wynne 1986, syn. Ulva atroviridis Levring 1938,[37] (Namibia to Oudekraal, Cape Peninsula)[3]
- Percursaria percursa (C.Agardh) Rosenvinge 1893, syn. Zignoa percursa (C.Agardh) Trevisan, Conferva percursa C.Agardh 1817, Enteromorpha percursa (C.Agardh) J.Agardh 1842,[38] (Cape Peninsula - Glencairn, Scarborough, Mouille Point)[3]
- Ulva flexuosa Wulfen 1803, syn. Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) J.Agardh 1883,[39] (Muizenberg and Dalebrook, False Bay and Eastern Cape)[3]
- Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus 1753, syn. Conferva intestinalis (Linnaeus) Roth 1797, Tetraspora intestinalis (Linnaeus) Desvaux 1818, Scytosiphon intestinalis (Linnaeus) Lyngbye 1819, Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Nees 1820, Fistularia intestinalis (Linnaeus) Greville 1824, Solenia intestinalis (Linnaeus) C.Agardh 1824, Ilea intestinalis (Linnaeus) Leiblein 1827, Hydrosolen intestinalis (Linnaeus) Martius 1833, Ulva enteromorpha var. intestinalis (Linnaeus) Le Jolis 1863, Ulva bulbosa var. intestinalis (Linnaeus) Hariot 1889, Enteromorpha compressa var. intestinalis (Linnaeus) Hamel 1931,[40] (Widespread on west and south coasts, along entire South African coast)[3][9]
- Ulva lactuca Linnaeus 1753, syn. Phyllona lactuca (Linnaeus) F.H.Wiggers 1780, Ulva fasciata Delile 1813,[9][41] (Saldanha Bay, False Bay eastwards into Mozambique)[3]
- Ulva linza Linnaeus 1753, syn. Solenia linza (Linnaeus) C.Agardh 1824, Enteronia linza (Linnaeus) Chevallier 1836, Phycoseris linza (Linnaeus) Kützing 1843, Enteromorpha linza (Linnaeus) J.Agardh 1883,[42] (Namibia to False Bay)[3]
- Ulva prolifera O.F.Müller 1778, syn. Ulva enteromorpha f. prolifera (O.F.Müller) Van Heurck, Ulva compressa var. prolifera (O.F.Müller) C.Agardh 1823, Enteromorpha compressa var. prolifera (O.F.Müller) Greville 1830, Enteromorpha prolifera (O.F.Müller) J.Agardh 1883,[43] (Namibia to Eastern Cape)[3]
- (Holmes) Papenfuss 1960, syn. Enteromorpha rhacodes Holmes 1894,[44] (False Bay to Eastern Cape)[3]
- Rigid sea lettuce C.Agardh 1823, syn. Phycoseris rigida (C.Agardh) Kützing 1843, Ulva lactuca var. rigida (C.Agardh) Le Jolis 1863,[45] (Cape Peninsula to tropical East Africa)[3][9]
- (Kützing) Montagne 1850, syn. Phycoseris uncialis Kützing 1849, Ulva capensis Areschoug 1851,[46] (Namibia to Cape Agulhas)[3]
Geographical position of places mentioned in species ranges[]
- Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape, 33°55′S 25°42′E / 33.917°S 25.700°E
- , KwaZulu-Natal, 30°15′30″S 30°49′30″E / 30.25833°S 30.82500°E
- Arniston (Waenhuiskrans), Western Cape, 34°40′S 20°14′E / 34.667°S 20.233°E
- Betty's Bay, Western Cape, 34°22′S 18°56′E / 34.367°S 18.933°E
- , KwaZulu-Natal, 27°01′00″S 32°50′00″E / 27.01667°S 32.83333°E
- Bird Island, Eastern Cape, 33°50′28″S 26°17′10″E / 33.84111°S 26.28611°E
- Blaauwberg, Western Cape, 33°48′S 18°27′E / 33.800°S 18.450°E
- Black Rock, Northern KwaZulu-Natal, 27°08′00″S 32°50′00″E / 27.13333°S 32.83333°E
- , Western Cape, 34°46′S 19°52′E / 34.767°S 19.867°E
- , Western Cape, 34°19′10″S 18°27′41″E / 34.31944°S 18.46139°E
- , Western Cape, 33°35′S 18°21′E / 33.583°S 18.350°E
- Buffelsbaai (south coast), Western Cape, 34°05′S 22°58′E / 34.083°S 22.967°E
- Cape Agulhas, Western Cape, 34°50′00″S 20°00′09″E / 34.83333°S 20.00250°E
- Cape Columbine, Western Cape, 32°49′39″S 17°51′23″E / 32.82750°S 17.85639°E
- , Namibia, 18°26′12″S 12°00′17″E / 18.43667°S 12.00472°E
- Cape of Good Hope, Western Cape, 34°21′29″S 018°28′19″E / 34.35806°S 18.47194°E (sometimes used historically to refer to the Cape Province, or South Africa)
- Cape Peninsula, Western Cape 34°12′S 18°24′E / 34.200°S 18.400°E
- Cape Hangklip, Western Cape, 34°23′17″S 018°49′35″E / 34.38806°S 18.82639°E
- , Western Cape, 34°25′S 20°51′E / 34.417°S 20.850°E
- Clovelly, False Bay, Western Cape, 34°09′29″S 18°26′11″E / 34.15806°S 18.43639°E
- , False Bay, Western Cape, 34°07′29″S 18°27′11″E / 34.12472°S 18.45306°E
- , Western Cape, 34°37′55″S 19°17′34″E / 34.63194°S 19.29278°E
- De Hoop, Western Cape, (just west of Cape Infanta) 32°26′03″S 20°32′52″E / 32.43417°S 20.54778°E
- De Walle, (), (Just west of Agulhas)
- (), Western Cape, 34°46′S 19°41′E / 34.767°S 19.683°E
- Doring Bay (Doringbaai), Western Cape, 31°49′S 18°14′E / 31.817°S 18.233°E
- Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 29°51′S 31°01′E / 29.850°S 31.017°E
- Dwesa, Eastern Cape, 32°15′36″S 28°53′42″E / 32.26000°S 28.89500°E
- East London, Eastern Cape, 32°59′S 027°52′E / 32.983°S 27.867°E
- False Bay, Western Cape, 34°14′S 18°39′E / 34.233°S 18.650°E
- Glencairn, False Bay, Western Cape, 34°09′50″S 18°26′00″E / 34.16389°S 18.43333°E
- Groenrivier (Groen River), 30°50′55″S 17°34′20″E / 30.84861°S 17.57222°E
- Groot Bergrivier estuary (Berg River, Velddrif), Western Cape, 32°47′S 18°10′E / 32.783°S 18.167°E
- Haga Haga, Eastern Cape (N of E.London) 32°46′S 28°15′E / 32.767°S 28.250°E
- The Haven, Eastern Cape, 150 km west of Port St. Johns, 32°14′50″S 28°55′15″E / 32.24722°S 28.92083°E
- Hermanus, Western Cape, 34°25′S 19°14′E / 34.417°S 19.233°E
- Hluleka, Eastern Cape, 31°49′S 29°18′E / 31.817°S 29.300°E
- Hondeklipbaai, Northern Cape, 30°19′S 17°16′E / 30.317°S 17.267°E
- Hout Bay, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, 34°03′30″S 18°21′20″E / 34.05833°S 18.35556°E
- Isipingo, KwaZulu-Natal, 29°59′50″S 30°57′20″E / 29.99722°S 30.95556°E
- , KwaZulu-Natal, 27°17′00″S 32°46′00″E / 27.28333°S 32.76667°E
- Kalk Bay, False Bay, Western Cape, 34°07′40″S 18°27′00″E / 34.12778°S 18.45000°E
- Kei River, Eastern Cape, 32°40′35″S 28°23′10″E / 32.67639°S 28.38611°E
- Kenton-on-Sea, Eastern Cape, 33°42′S 26°41′E / 33.700°S 26.683°E
- Keurboomstrand, Plettenberg Bay, Western Cape, 34°02′17″S 23°23′31″E / 34.03806°S 23.39194°E
- Knysna, Western Cape, 34°05′02″S 23°03′37″E / 34.08389°S 23.06028°E
- Kommetjie, Western Cape, 34°08′S 18°19′E / 34.133°S 18.317°E
- Koppie Alleen, De Hoop, Western Cape,
- Kosi Bay, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, 26°54′06″S 32°51′59″E / 26.90167°S 32.86639°E
- Kowie River, Eastern Cape, 33°36′15″S 26°54′12″E / 33.60417°S 26.90333°E
- , Langebaan lagoon, Western Cape, 33°08′30″S 18°01′45″E / 33.14167°S 18.02917°E
- , KwaZulu-Natal, 27°13′00″S 32°48′00″E / 27.21667°S 32.80000°E
- Lamberts Bay, Western Cape, 32°05′24″S 18°18′10″E / 32.09000°S 18.30278°E
- Leadsman shoal, KwaZulu-Natal, 28°23′00″S 32°25′15″E / 28.38333°S 32.42083°E
- Langebaan Lagoon, Western Cape, 33°09′S 18°04′E / 33.150°S 18.067°E
- Llandudno, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, 34°00′30″S 18°20′20″E / 34.00833°S 18.33889°E
- Lüderitz, Namibia, 26°38′53″S 15°9′34″E / 26.64806°S 15.15944°E
- , Kwa-Zulu-Natal, 29°20′10″S 32°45′10″E / 29.33611°S 32.75278°E
- , , KwaZulu-Natal, near St. Lucia, 28°24′28″S 32°25′44″E / 28.40778°S 32.42889°E
- Melkbosstrand, Western Cape, 33°43′38″S 18°26′06″E / 33.72722°S 18.43500°E
- , KwaZulu-Natal, 28°16′23″S 32°29′55″E / 28.27306°S 32.49861°E
- Mkambati, KwaZulu-Natal, 31°17′S 29°57′E / 31.283°S 29.950°E[dubious ]
- Morgan's Bay, Eastern Cape, (Near Kei mouth) 32°42′0″S 28°21′0″E / 32.70000°S 28.35000°E
- , Namibia, 19°22′48″S 12°42′29″E / 19.38000°S 12.70806°E(Möwe Point lighthouse)
- , KwaZulu-Natal,
- Noordhoek, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, 34°07′S 18°21′E / 34.117°S 18.350°E
- Muizenberg, False Bay, Western Cape, 34°07′S 018°28′E / 34.117°S 18.467°E
- , False Bay, Western Cape, 34°12′30″S 18°27′44″E / 34.20833°S 18.46222°E
- , Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, 33°59′09″S 18°20′55″E / 33.98583°S 18.34861°E
- , Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, 34°16′23″S 18°22′45″E / 34.27306°S 18.37917°E
- , 30°59′S 30°16′E / 30.983°S 30.267°E
- Park Rynie, KwaZulu-Natal, 30°19′S 30°44′E / 30.317°S 30.733°E
- Paternoster, Western Cape, 32°49′S 17°53′E / 32.817°S 17.883°E
- , Western Cape, 10 km west of Agulhas
- Pearly Beach, Western Cape, 34°39′S 19°29′E / 34.650°S 19.483°E
- , Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, °'"S °'E34°20′5″S 18°29′09″E / 34.33472°S 18.48583°E
- , 34°20′20″S 18°27′08″E / 34.33889°S 18.45222°E
- Plettenberg Bay, Western Cape, 34°03′S 023°22′E / 34.050°S 23.367°E
- Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique border, 26°50′36″S 32°53′48″E / 26.84333°S 32.89667°E
- Port Alfred, Eastern Cape, 33°36′15″S 26°54′12″E / 33.60417°S 26.90333°E
- Port Edward, KwaZulu-Natal 31°03′S 30°13′E / 31.050°S 30.217°E
- Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, 33°58′S 25°35′E / 33.967°S 25.583°E
- Port Nolloth, Northern Cape, 22°15′S 16°52′E / 22.250°S 16.867°E
- Port St. Johns, KwaZulu-Natal, 31°37′40″S 29°33′20″E / 31.62778°S 29.55556°E
- Postberg, Western Cape, 33°07′S 18°00′E / 33.117°S 18.000°E
- , KwaZulu-Natal, 30°50′S 30°28′E / 30.833°S 30.467°E
- , KwaZulu-Natal,
- , Western Cape, 34°06′30″S 23°24′45″E / 34.10833°S 23.41250°E
- , Namibia,
- Saldanha Bay, Western Cape, 33°01′S 17°59′E / 33.017°S 17.983°E
- , KwaZulu-Natal, (near Mozambique border),
- Scarborough, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, 34°12′00″S 18°22′13″E / 34.20000°S 18.37028°E
- Scottburgh, KwaZulu-Natal, 30°17′S 30°45′E / 30.283°S 30.750°E
- Sea Point, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, 33°55′19″S 18°22′37″E / 33.92194°S 18.37694°E
- Shelly Beach, KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, 30°48′S 30°25′E / 30.800°S 30.417°E
- Simon's Town, Western Cape, 34°11′S 18°26′E / 34.183°S 18.433°E
- , False Bay, Western Cape, 34°16′S 18°28′E / 34.267°S 18.467°E
- Sodwana Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, 27°32′S 32°41′E / 27.533°S 32.683°E
- ,
- Stilbaai (Still Bay), Western Cape, E34°22′S 21°25′E / 34.367°S 21.417°E
- St Helena Bay, Western Cape, 32°43′S 18°06′E / 32.717°S 18.100°E
- St. James, False Bay, Western Cape, 34°07′29″S 18°27′11″E / 34.12472°S 18.45306°E
- St Lucia, KwaZulu-Natal, 28°23′03″S 32°25′46″E / 28.38417°S 32.42944°E
- Strand, Western Cape, 34°07′S 18°49′E / 34.117°S 18.817°E
- Strandfontein, False Bay, Western Cape, 34°05′22″S 18°33′18″E / 34.08944°S 18.55500°E
- Strandfontein, Western Cape, 31°45′20″S 18°13′38″E / 31.75556°S 18.22722°E
- Swakopmund, Namibia, 22°41′S 14°32′E / 22.683°S 14.533°E
- Swartklip, False Bay, Western Cape, 34°04′30″S 18°41′10″E / 34.07500°S 18.68611°E
- , 33°51′56″S 25°37′58″E / 33.86556°S 25.63278°E
- Table Bay, Western Cape, 33°53′S 18°27′E / 33.883°S 18.450°E
- Three Anchor Bay, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, 33°54′22″S 19°23′51″E / 33.90611°S 19.39750°E
- , Riet River, 10 km west of Port Alfred, Eastern Cape,
- Trafalgar, KwaZulu-Natal, 30°58′S 30°18′E / 30.967°S 30.300°E
- Tsitsikamma, Eastern Cape, 34°01′18″S 22°53′44″E / 34.02167°S 22.89556°E
- , KwaZulu-Natal, (mHlali river mouth) 29°27′45″S 31°16′45″E / 29.46250°S 31.27917°E
- , KwaZulu-Natal, (Cape Vidal?) 28°07′45″S 32°33′50″E / 28.12917°S 32.56389°E
- Uvongo, KwaZulu-Natal, 30°49′S 30°23′E / 30.817°S 30.383°E
- Waterloo Bay, Eastern Cape, 33°29′S 27°10′E / 33.483°S 27.167°E
- Yzerfontein, Western Cape, 33°20′S 18°10′E / 33.333°S 18.167°E
See also[]
- Helderberg Marine Protected Area – Marine conservation area in the Western Cape in South Africa
- List of marine animals of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay – Regional biodiversity species list
- List of green seaweeds of South Africa – List of seaweeds recorded from the oceans bordering South Africa
- Geology of Cape Town – Geological formations and their history in the vicinity of Cape Town
- Table Mountain National Park – A national park on the Cape Peninsula in the vicinity of Cape Town, South Africa
- Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area – Marine conservation area around the Cape Peninsula in South Africa
- False Bay – Large bay of the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Town, South Africa
References[]
- ^ "Table Mountain National Park". MPA Forum South Africa. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=21218; searched on 26 February 2012
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au Stegenga, H., Bolton, J.J., & Anderson, R.J. 1997. Seaweeds of the South African West Coast. Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town. ISBN 0-7992-1793-X
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3440; searched on 26 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=44; searched on 26 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=10; searched on 26 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=21260; searched on 26 February 2012
- ^ Wendy Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1137; searched on 26 February 2012
- ^ a b c d e f g h Coppejans, E., Leliaert, F and Verbruggen, H. in De Clerck, O., Bolton, J.J., Anderson, R. J. & Coppejans, E. 2005. Guide to the Seaweeds of KwazZulu-Natal. Scripta Botanica Belgica Volume 33. Joint publication of: National Botanical gardens of Belgium, VLIZ Flanders Marine Institute and Flemish Community. ISBN 90-72619-64-1
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3439; searched on 26 February 2012
- ^ Wendy Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3432; searched on 26 February 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=133062; searched on 18 March 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3434; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3435; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3436; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3437; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3438; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3441; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=238; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3419; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=11475; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=222; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3424; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3425; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3426; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=227; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3427; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3428; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3429; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3430; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=235; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=13867; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=208; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=210; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=33; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3420; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3422; searched on 27 February 2012.
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=220; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ Wendy Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=12999; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=12904; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=39; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=12905; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=13000; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1069; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=40; searched on 27 February 2012
- ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=14493; searched on 27 February 2012
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Categories: 
Categories:
- Seaweeds
- Biology-related lists
- Lists of biota of South Africa
- Marine biodiversity of South Africa