List of re-education through labor camps in China

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Re-education through labor (RTL; in Chinese, laodong jiaoyang 劳动教养, abbreviated láojiào 劳教) is a system of administrative detentions in the People's Republic of China. The estimated number of detainees in re-education through labor camps is anywhere from 300,000 (China Labor Bulletin, 2007)[1] to 2 million (Laogai Research Foundation, 2006).[2] There are at least 310 camps in China (China Daily, 2007).[3]

Anhui province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Anqing Xinsheng Kiln Works Anqing City
Baofeng General Industrial Company Xuanzhou City
Hefei City Yicheng Town 1983 Moved in 2003. Capacity of 600 inmates.
Huainan City Formerly called Huainan City Independent LRC; adopted current name in 1989
Shangzhangwei Farm Hefei City 1983 Capacity of 600 inmates.
Unknown

Beijing municipality[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Daxing District Facility for "implementing" decisions of RTL committees (sorting detainees and transferring them to appropriate facilities or releasing them)
Daxing District 1960 Facility mainly for medical treatment and "re-education" of sick female detainees. Originally called Tiantanghe Farm.
Tiantanghe Farm Daxing County 1960
Daxing District 5 km south of Huangcun Town 1980 Most inmates are either female, or male drug offenders.
, also called Daxing District 1955 Formerly named Tuanhe Farm. Called Tuanhe RTL in 2007–2008 Laogai Handbook[2]
Gannan County, western Heilongjiang Province 1968 Prisoners are from Beijing.[4]

Chongqing municipality[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Xinsheng Horticultural Farm Jiangbei District 21-1 Wujiang Road Also called Maojiashan Women's RTL and Jiangbei RTL
Nan'an District Changshengqiao Town
Fuling District
Xishanping Farm Beibei District Dongyang Town "Reported to hold Falun Gong followers,"

Fujian province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Processing plant; Lifting equipment plant; Garment factories; Fire machinery plant; Fire services security technologies Fuzhou City Qianqi Road[2]
Fuzhou Rujiang Clothing, Footwear, and Hat Factory Fuzhou City 47 Kuai'an Road 1980 Also called Rujiang Forced Drug Abstinence RTL
Longyan Farm Longyan City Longmenkou
Nanping Xingguang Sodium Silicate Factory; Nanping Xingguang Aluminum Product Decoration Plant Nanping City 3 Jinfeng Road
Fuzhou City Sept. 2003 Inmates 18 years old or younger
Fuzhou Yanshan Clothing Factory; Fuzhou Yanshan Handicraft Plant Jin'an District, Fuzhou City 236 Qianheng Road
Longyan Farm Longyan City Longmenkou
Quanzhou No. 7 Plastics Fengze District, Quanzhou City Puren Beimenwai 1986
Sanming Xinsheng Plant Sanming City
Xiamen City Jiangtou Garden
1997
Zhangzhou Xinxing Plastics Plant Zhangzhou City Shixia District 1987

Gansu province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Lanzhou City Also called Lanzhou City Ping'antai RTL
Anning District, Lanzhou City Beibinhe West Road 1991 Housed 2,000 detainees in 2003
Zhangye City
Heshui County, Qingyang City

Guangdong province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Guangzhou City Dongsheng Mine Works Tianhe District, Guangzhou City Cencun, Wushan 1984
Guangzhou Yuqing handicraft plant; previously Chatou Farm[2] Baiyun District, Guangzhou City Chatou Island, Shijing Town 1986
Baiyun District, Guangzhou City Chatou
Guangzhou City Dongkeng Stone Mine Guangzhou City Dongkeng, Tonghe July 1982
Foshan City 7 Laixiang Road, Had over 2,000 detainees in 2001
Chini Stone Quarry Huadu District Hexi Village, Chini Town Also called Huadu Chini RTL
Stone Mine Huadu District Buxi Village, Tanbu Town May 1974 Moved to present location in June 2002
Guangzhou Chini Cement Factory Huadu District Gangmeitou, Hengsha Village, Chini Town
Sanshui District, Foshan City
Huizhou City Huicheng District, Sandong Town
Jiangmen City southwest corner May 1982 Designated an RTL in February 1986
Meizhou City Meijiang District 1983 Moved outside the city in 1985
Guangzhou Baiyun District
Guangdong Baiyun District
Unknown
Official became an RTL specifically for drug offenders in July 1995
Hengshengwo Farm; Sanshui Farm Sanshui County 3 kilometers east of Huangtang 1955 RTL for women
Shanwei City, Lufeng District Beiyang Town March 2003 Construction began in 1999, but didn't accept inmates until 2003
Luohu District, Shenzhen City North Jinbi Road, Shangbu 1981
Shenzhen City Also called Longhuazhen RTL
Tan'gang Fire Hose Factory; Construction Materials Factory Guangzhou City Xingcha Road, Tan'gang, Chatou
Makou Farm Yingde County Makou
Zengcheng City 1950 Originally called Labu RTL. First RTL established in Guangdong. Capacity of 3,500.
Zhongshan City Dahuantang, Maling 1993 Didn't have any detainees until 1997
Zhuhai City Oct 2003

Guangxi province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Nanning City 8 Xi'an Road
Western suburb of Liuzhou City 1300 detainees as of June 2003
Guilin City
Outskirts of Guilin City
Beihai City North-South Highway 2003
Yongning County, Nanning City Jingji Zoulang Development District #40, Yudong Dadao Road Has female Falun Gong practitioners, according to 2007–2008 Laogai Handbook.[2] Formerly known as Guangxi No.1 RTL
Xinxing Farm Liuzhou City 1951 Over 130,000 mu in area.

Guizhou province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Anshun City
2003
Bijie District Zhujiawan
Fuquan Phosphate Fertilizer Plant Fuquan City, Qiannanzhou Longchang Town 1965
Qingzhen City 26 June 1997
Huagong Farm Unknown Moved in 2003 from Qinglong County to an unknown location.
Unknown
Sanjiang Farm Guiyang City As of May 2004, had over 2000 detainees, over half of whom were drug offenders.
Zhongba Farm, Zhuhai Chili Electronic, Ltd. Qingzhen City
Zunyi Brickyard Zunyi City
Unknown 1999 RTL for repeat drug offenders

Hainan[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Qiongshan Mailbox #66, Xindazhou Road
Haikou City 1989 Also called Hainan Province Women's Drug Rehabilitation Center.
Sanya City Also called Hainan Provincial Drug Rehabilitation RTL.

Hebei province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Baoding City 1995 Lianchi Street
Baoding RTL Printing Shop Baoding City Zhi'nong Road
Chengde City
Handan City Mailbox 5 1985
Luquan Tongye Town, southwest of Xiliangxiang Village under construction as of 2008 Planned to hold 1500 detainees
Xinsheng Fireproof Materials Plant , Tangshan City Number 27 Brickfield Also called Provincial No. 1 RTL
Shanhaiguan Machine Plant Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao City Xuanyangdong Road
Zhenhua Porcelain Enamel Factory; Shijiazhuang City Xinsheng Shoe Manufacturer Shijiazhuang City 22 Beijiao Street
Shijiazhuang City 8 South Gaoji Road, Zhaolingpu
, Tangshan City 35 Hehuakeng Road Also called Hehuakeng RTL
Langfang City
Xingtai City
Zhangjiaokou City

Heilongjiang province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Daowai District, Harbin City Tuanjie Town
Daqing RTL Daqing City 54 No. 22 Lane, Jingyi Street Began holding Falun Gong detainees in 1999[2]
Fularji, Qiqihar Also spelled Fulaerji or Fula'erji
Jixi City Daodong Station
Hegang City
Frozen sucker plant; Repair shop; Brickyard Harbin City
Jixi City Daodong Station
Mudanjiang City
, Harbin City 239 Xianfeng Road
Harbin City
Qiqihar City October 2003 Formerly Qiqihar Shuanghe RTL and Fuyu RTL, combined in October 2003. According to 2007–2008 Laogai Handbook, has housed over 200 Falun Gong detainees and has conducted "brainwashing."[2]
Xinsheng Coal Mine Shuangyashan City 1974
Xinglong Automobile Repair and Supply Plant; Brickyard Suihua District North Zhongzhi Road
Qiqihar City 385 Longhua Road Takes care of Harbin railways; is the only railway RTL in China
Wanjia RTL Daoli District, Harbin City Xinnong Village 1984 Houses Falun Gong detainees, according to 2007–2008 Laogai Handbook
Cuiluan Forestry Center Yichun City
Shangzhi City
Longwei Plastic Goods Factory Wangkui County, Suihua City
Harbin City 1984

Henan province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Longquan Farm Anyang City
Tongyong Electric Control Plant; Zhengzhou Gerui Gas Automatic Fire Fighting Plant Zhengzhou City 62 Wenhua road Originally a "Labor Reform Detachment," became an RTL in the 1980s
City 1979
Luoyang City 1981 Held "many religious prisoners" in 1983[2]
Jiaozuo City 1979
Kaifeng City
City
Chunhui Crane Factory Luoyang City Wugu Road 1979
Pushan Stone Quarry Nanyang City
Pingdingshan City December 1986 Merger of Bailou RTL and Yaomeng RTL
Zhengzhou City
Xinhe Farm; Henan Ruyang Cast Stone Factory; Henan Ruyang Rock Wool Fiber Factory Ruyang County, Luoyang City Da'an Village (1 kilometer west) 1952
Baitiaohe Farm Suburbs of Xuchang City Near Bayi plant Also called Xuchang RTL
Puyang City 1985
Zhengzhou Jinhua Abrasive Factory; Zhengzhou Jinhua Abrasive Factory Printing and Binding Subsidiary Factory Zhengzhou City
Sanmenxia City
Shangqiu City
Shibalihe Women's RTL Guancheng District, Zhengzhou City Shibalihe Town Also called Provincial No. 1 Women's RTL
Zhengzhou Zhongyuan General Hoisting Machinery Factory Zhengzhou City
Xinxiang City
Xinyang RTL Plastic Bag Factory Xinyang City 1981

Hubei province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Wuhan City
Denglin Farm Xiangbei County 1990 Originally called Xiangbei RTL
Xianyang City
Hanyang District, Wuhan City Xin'nong Street
Hannan District, Wuhan City Huangjiadun
Hankou District, Wuhan City Luojiazui, Gushaoshu Also called Hubei Provincial RTL. According to 2007&2008 Laogai Handbook, work goes on from 6am to 2am (20 hours a day)[2]
Huangshi Electromagnetic Wire Plant Huangshi County 1980
Wuchang District, Wuhan City Hongshan District January 2005 Formerly called Shayang Qilihu Women's RTL
Dongxihu District, Wuhan City Wuzhigou 1980s
Shashi City 1983
Shayang Farm Zhongxiang City Qilihu Town Also called Qilihu RTL and Hanyang RTL
Shiyan County 1985
Wuhan City Held male and female Falun Gong detainees, according to 2007–2008 Laogai Handbook
Xiangfan City
Yichang City

Hunan province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Xiangyin County Gaolin Xincheng Development District 1972 Only RTL farm in Hunan
Zhuzhou City Baimalong, Baifeng 1958 Only women's RTL in Hunan
Changde City Xinsheng Switchgear Plant Changde City Jubaocun, Wuling District 1983 Receives both local RTL inmates, and drug offenders from neighboring areas
Changqiao Horticultural Farm Changsha City Across from Changsha Police School (Changsha Yuanda Road) 1963 Formerly located at Changqiao, Changsha City. Since establishment, has held over 40,000 detainees.
Changsha City Yuanda Road
Hunan Silk Mill Changsha City 6 Dongfeng Roa 1950
Chenzhou City 7 Shiliuwan 1981
Hengyang City Huaxin Development District Construction began in 1950.
Huaihua City Xichong Village Construction began in 1981.
Yuhua District, Changsha City North Tiyuan Road September 2003 Only RTL in Hunan with juvenile detainees
Louxing District, Loudi City 11 Groups Xiaoke Residence Committee Dake Office December 1983
Hunan Provincial Xinsheng Cement Factory Hexi District, Changsha City Pingtang Town 1979 Prisoners are drug offenders, those who have escaped from other RTLs, or those who have been labelled "difficult."
Shaoyang City Chengdong Guanyin Tang
Xiangtan Jianshe Farm Xiangtan City Jiuhua Economic District 1972
Hunan Switch Factory Changsha City 174 Xinkaipu Road, Jincha 1952
Yiyang City suburbs Yangshu Village, Changchun Town 1983
Yongzhou City Near Yonglian Highway
Linxiang City, west suburbs Sanjiaoping 1984 Originally called Junshan Farm
Jishou City Yaxi Village, Yangjiaping November 1981
Hetang District, Zhuzhou City Songjia Qiaoyou Pu'ao November 1983

Inner Mongolia[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Baotou City Xishuiquan
Chifeng City Qiaoxidajie Street 1958
Hailar District, Hulun Buir City Jindun Road 1955
South Harbin City Shuaijia Yingzijie Village, Xiaoheihe District Government 1995 Also called Inner Mongolia RTL
Pasture Hinggan League Jalaid Banner
Calcium Carbide Plant Wuhai City 21 kilometers from Hai District
Dongtucheng Farm Wuyuan County, Byannur League Originally called Dongtucheng RTL, adopted present name in 2001
Carton plant; Milk cow breeding Xilin Gol League Bilingual in Mandarin and Mongolian; only bilingual RTL in Inner Mongolia

Jiangsu province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Donghai County 1987 Established in 1958 as a labor reform detachment, later became a laogai camp; current RTL center established in 1987
Fangqiang Farm Yancheng City Dafeng 1951
Jurong City 1979 Established in 1958 as a labor reform detachment and juvenile offender detachment; became an RTL in 1979, adopted current name in 1986
Dalianshan Cement Factory Jiangning District, Nanjing City Dalianshan, Chunhua Town 1958
Jurong City Jan. 2003
Jiangsu Provincial Taihu Quarry Companies Wuxi City 1980 Established in 1959 as a labor reform detachment; became an RTL in 1980. Provincial government decided in 2008 to close this RTL, and the process of closing it is underway.
Wuxi City Dec. 2004
Nanjing City Holds female and juvenile detainees.

Jiangxi province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Saihu Farm Ruichang County, Jiujiang City Majialong Saihu 1951 Also called Majialong RTL. Closed in 1968, and reopened in 1984.
Nanchang City Maiyuan Road
Nanchang City Caojiaqiao 1996 Moved to present address in 2007
Nanchang City Jianxin County 1956 Originally established in Yichun City, moved to outskirts of Nanchang City in 1987. Changed name to Jiangxi Provincial Juvenile Offender Detachment in 2003.
Yongqiao Farm Jinxian County 1956
Gao'an City Bajing Town Also called Gao'an RTL

Jilin province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Baicheng
Baicheng City RTL Labor Services Company Baicheng
Chemical material plant Baishan
Changchun City 1984
Dongfang Petrochemical Factory Changchun City Chaoyanggou 1982
Piano parts factory Kuancheng District, Changchun City Caijiacun, Fenjinxiang 1975 Originally . Moved to current name and location in 1997.
Hunjiang
Jilin City
Jilin City 1984
Changchun City 1984–5 Also called Jiutai Yinmahe RTL
Dongliao County, Liaoyuan Baiquan Town 1985 Also called Baiquan RTL
Mudanjiang City 1981 Also called Sidao RTL
Changchun City Heijuzi 1981 Also called Heijuzi RTL
Siping City 1984
Tonghua RTL Wangou Steel Factory Tonghua 150 Yuquan Rd.
Changchun City Weizigou Village, Xinlongshan Town 1989
Yanji
Yanji Beiqing Road 1984

Liaoning province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Wuqianshan District, Anshan City Yuemingshan, Qianyuxiang 1979
Benxi
Xinsheng Asbestos Mine Chaoyang County Taizi Village
Ganjingzi District, Dalian 175 Nanlin St. May 1980
Fushun Early 1990s
Fuxin 1980
Jinzhou
Masanjia RTL Masanjia Xinsheng Farm Shenyang 1957 Considered one of the largest centers of Falun Gong detainees in China[2]
Qinhuangdao
Shenyang Includes , , and
Tieling
[5] Inmate Zhang Bin's death in April 2003 sparked widespread calls to reform the re-education through labor system[5]

Ningxia region[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Wuzhong City Formerly called Lingwu Baitugangzi RTL
Shizuishan
Yinchuan

Qinghai province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Nantan Farm Huangzhong County,

Xining || Duoba Town || May 1983 || Also called Provincial Men's RTL and Qinghai Province No. 1 RTL

Unknown Nov 2000
Xining 62 Bayi East Rd. Nov 2000

Shaanxi province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Hantai District, Hanzhong Shangshuidu Village
Baoji Baoping Rd. 1971 Renamed as an RTL in 1982
Brick factory Fuping County Zhangqiao Town 1982
Xi'an City 6 Beixuanwu Rd., Fangxincun
Unknown Early 1950s Also classified as an ankang (asylum)
Machine brickyard Yan'an Chengzigou Liulin village
Yulin City
Fengxiang County, Baoji Dongjiahe Town

Shandong province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Xinsheng Machine Factory Handan City
Ji'nan City Yujin Building Equipment Factory Ji'nan City 24 Liuchangshan Rd. Also called Liuchangshan RTL. Reported to hold Falun Gong practictioners.[2]
Ji'ning City 80 Motor Repair Shop Ji'ning City
Shandong Shengjian 83 Factory Zhoucun District, Zibo Southwest of Wangcun Town 1958 Also called Shandong Shengjian Basan RTL. Designated as "open to the public" in February 1982. Reported to mine clay for export to Japan.[6]
Jinan 20 Jiangshuiquan Rd. Also called Jiangshuiquan RTL; adopted present name in 2001. Reported to hold Falun Gong practictioners.[2]
Zhoucun, Zibo Basan Factory, Wangcun Town Reported to hold Falun Gong practictioners.[2]
Zhoucun, Zibo Wangcun Town Nov 2003 Reported to hold Falun Gong practictioners.[2]
Wangcun District, Zibo Also called Shandong Provincial Zibo Wangcun RTL; its four branches are Provincial No. 1 RTL, Provincial No. 1 Women's RTL, Provincial No. 2 RTL, and Provincial No. 2 Women's RTL
Longyuan Steel Pipe Works; Qingdao Auto Damper Work Licang District, Qingdao 2 Shangyuan Rd. Reported to hold Falun Gong practictioners.[2]
Weifang Jinfan Chemical Plant; Weifang Changle Rock Material Plant Weifang City Also called Changle RTL. Reported to hold Falun Gong practictioners; has a production contract with a Chinese/American business.[2]
Zaozhuang Shengjian Coal Mine Zaozhuang 1984
Boshan Tool Factory Boshan District, Zibo Qiugucun Jan 1981

Shanghai municipality[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Qingpu District 1997
Shanghai Farm Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province Sichahe Became an RTL in 1981.
Shanghai Chuandong Farm Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province 1950s
Qingdong Farm Qingpu District Tianshengzhuang Jan 1959 Also called
Qingpu District, Shanghai Tianshengzhuang

Shanxi province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Daxinzhuang Farm Changzhi Became an RTL in 1988.
Datong City RTL Datong City RTL Coal Mine Datong 1981 Also called ,
Taiyuan Xinxin Industrial Corporation Xinghualing District, Taiyuan 5 Xindian Street Also called Xindian Men's RTL
Taiyuan Xindian Also called Taiyuan Xiandan RTL
Taiyuan RTL Gujiao Center for Coking Jiancaoping District, Taiyuan North of Zhencheng Village, Baibanxiang 1984
Pingding County December 1984
Dongcun Farm Yongji 1955
Yongji Became an RTL in 1979.

Sichuan province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
XX Brickyard Ziyang City
Renhe District, Panzhihua City Shagou
Longquanyi District Luodai Wen'an Town Tianqin Clothing Factory Zizhong County Gongmin Town
Dongbo District, Meishan City Taoyuan East Road 1955 Adopted present name in 1987.
Chengdu Airport Development Zone
Mianyang City 135 East Section, 1 Circle Road 1970s Also called Xinhua RTL for Drug Rehabilitation.

Tianjin municipality[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Dagang District Dasuzhuang
Hexi District, Tianjin Municipality Has been disbanded, detainees sent to Tianjin Women's RTL.
Qingbowa Farm Xiqing District, Tianjin Municipality 1980
Beichen District, Tianjin Municipality
Banqiao Farm Machinery Parts Factory Dagang District, Tianjin Municipality Oct 1955 Adopted current name in November 2003. Reported to hold Falun Gong practitioners.[2]
Dagang District, Tianjin 2001
Jixian County

Tibet Autonomous Region[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Unknown
Doilungdêqên County, Lhasa Possibly the same location as Trisam, known under an alternate name.
Lhasa
Ngari Prefecture Ali, Tibet July 2004
Shigatse Prefecture
[7] West or southwest of Lhasa 1991-1992 Believed to now be a mandatory education or rehabilitation centre. It has been proposed to now operate as Duilong Compulsory Isolation and Rehabilitation Centre.[8] Trisam, known colloquially after a bridge nearby, is situated around 14 kilometres west of Lhasa city centre in the western suburbs, just inside Toelung Dechen (Chinese: Duilong Deqing) county. Under the RTL system, detainees could be imprisoned there by administrative order for up to three years, carrying out various labour tasks ranging from tending vegetables and emptying septic pits to performing construction labour. Four Trisam prisoners are known to have died between 1987-1998 due to abuse at Trisam and earlier places of detention, three of them within three months after release and one while in custody.
, Dechen County, 10 km. east of Lhasa Sept 1991 Possibly the same location as Trisam, known under an alternate name.

Xinjiang province[]

Further information: Xinjiang re-education camps
Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Bole County 1983
Wujiaqu City About 5 kilometers outside the city
Kumul Oct 1983
Aksu after 2000
Kashgar 30 kilometers outside the city Dec 1983
Turpan City
Urumqi Artificial Diamond Factory Ürümqi 1973
Wusu Dec 1983
Wusu June 1999
Aksu Prefecture 74 Chaoyang Street, Yin-a-wa-ti Road Oct 1983
Sweater workshop Ürümqi 22 Donggebi Rd. Dec 2002 Also called Urumqi Women's RTL
Ghulja 1983

Yunnan province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Anning Bajie Farm Anning Bajie
Dali City Tianjingshan 1992 Has some former drug users acting as staff
Disposable Chopsticks Processing Plant Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture 1993
Kunming Wang Bridge
Mojiang Hani Autonomous County
Lufeng County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture Renxing Town 1951
Mosha Subtropical Horticultural Farm; Food products factory; Beverage factory; Brown sugar factory Mosha District, Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County 1956
Yinsheng Textile Factory Qilin District, Qujing City Poshi Street Nov 2000
Sept 2002
Guandu District, Kunming Dabanqiao Town Dec 1996

Zhejiang province[]

Name Enterprise name City/County/District Village/Town Established Notes
Hangzhou
Hongken Farm Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou Xinjie Town
Huzhou Zhaowan Yangjiabu T. W.
Jiaxing
Deqing County Wukang 1994 Only women's RTL in the province
Ningbo
Shaoxing
Shiliping Farm Jinhua
Hangzhou City
Xinsheng Auto Repair Plant Dinghai District, Zhoushan City 1983

Sources[]

  1. ^ "Human rights groups doubt 'laojiao' abolished". AsiaNews. 2 March 2007. Retrieved 18 October 2008. External link in |work= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Laogai Handbook (2007–2008)" (PDF). The Laogai Research Foundation. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
  3. ^ Wu, Jiao (1 March 2007). "New law to abolish laojiao system". China Daily. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
  4. ^ China Hones Old Tool: 'Re-educating' Unruly (NYT)
  5. ^ a b "China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau)". 2003 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. United States Department of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 25 February 2004. Retrieved 17 November 2008. External link in |work= (help) Section 1c: "Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment."
  6. ^ Export of Prison Goods Seems to Continue (NYT)
  7. ^ "New Prison in Lhasa: Increased Surveillance for Political Prisoners, 'Oppressive' Cell Blocks". International Campaign for Tibet. 2006-01-20. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  8. ^ "Homepage". Tibet Research Project. Retrieved 2021-11-05.

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