Selenium disulfide

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Selenium disulfide
Clinical data
Trade namesSelseb, Selsun Blue, others
Other namesSelenium sulfide
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682258
Routes of
administration		Topical
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S5 (Caution)
  • UK: P (Pharmacy medicines)
  • US: OTC / Rx-only
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard100.028.458 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaS2Se
Molar mass143.09 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Density3 g/cm3
Melting point111 °C (232 °F)
Boiling point118 to 119 °C (244 to 246 °F) (decomposes)
Solubility in waternegligible mg/mL (20 °C)
InChI

Selenium disulfide, also known as selenium sulfide, is a chemical compound and medication used to treat pityriasis versicolor, seborrhoeic dermatitis, and dandruff.[2] It is applied to the affected area as a lotion or shampoo.[3] Dandruff frequently returns if treatment is stopped.[4]

Side effects include hair loss, irritation of the skin, weakness, and feeling tired.[2] Use is not recommended in children less than 2–5 years old.[2][4] Use in pregnancy or breastfeeding has not been studied.[1] Selenium disulfide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SeS2.[5]

Selenium disulfide was approved for medical use in the United States at least as early as 1951.[4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] Selenium disulfide is available as a generic medication and over the counter.[3]

Medical uses[]

Selenium disulfide is sold as an antifungal agent in shampoos for the treatment of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis associated in the scalp with fungi of genus Malassezia.[7][8][9] In the United States, a 1% strength is available over-the-counter, and a 2.5% strength is also available with a prescription. In Canada, the 2.5% strength is available over-the-counter. At the 2.5% strength, selenium disulfide is also used on the body to treat Tinea versicolor, a type of fungal skin infection caused by a different species of Malassezia. It has been suggested to be effective as a treatment for hyperkeratosis.[10]

Side effects[]

Selenium disulfide can cause discoloration of the hair and alter the color of hair dyes. It may also discolor metallic jewellery.

Chemical composition[]

Structure of 1,2,3-Se3S5, illustrative of selenium sulfide.

Selenium disulfide has a composition that approximates to SeS2 and is sometimes called selenium sulfide. However, as used in proprietary formulations, it is not a pure chemical compound but a mixture where the overall Se:S ratio is 1:2. The compounds are Se–S rings containing a variable number of S and Se atoms, SenS8−n.[11]

Many selenium sulfides are known as indicated by 77Se-NMR spectroscopy.[12]

History[]

Selenium monosulfide, along with elemental selenium and sulfur, has been used in medicinal preparations in the past,[13] causing confusion and contradiction[14] as to exactly what form selenium is in any given topical preparation.

Society and culture[]

In the film Evolution selenium was mentioned as an active ingredient of Head & Shoulders. A group of academics, therefore, tried to use this brand of shampoo to stop an alien invasion after discovering that the alien life form was sensitive to selenium.[15]

See also[]

  • Ketoconazole, another antifungal agent used in medicated shampoos
  • Selsun Blue, a shampoo with selenium disulfide as its active ingredient
  • Zinc pyrithione, an antimicrobial agent used in many off the shelf shampoos
  • Selenium hexasulfide, one possible Se–S ring

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "Selenium sulfide topical Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 297. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 194. ISBN 9781284057560.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Selenium Sulfide". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  5. ^ Mitchell, Stephen C. (2003). Biological Interactions Of Sulfur Compounds. CRC Press. p. 174. ISBN 9780203362525. Archived from the original on 2017-01-16.
  6. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  7. ^ Selenium(IV) sulfide - pharmacy codes search engine Archived 2008-04-01 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ Chemicals of Selenium .Se Archived 2008-04-03 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Accessed Dec. 24, 2007 Archived 2008-12-26 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Cohen PR, Anderson CA (December 2018). "Topical Selenium Sulfide for the Treatment of Hyperkeratosis". Dermatology and Therapy. 8 (4): 639–46. doi:10.1007/s13555-018-0259-9. PMC 6261123. PMID 30203232.
  11. ^ Cyclic selenium sulfides R. Steudel, R. Laitinen, Topics in Current Chemistry, (1982), 102, 177-197
  12. ^ Pekonen, Pentti.; Hiltunen, Yrjō; Laitinen, Risto S.; Pakkanen, Tapani A. (1991). "Chalcogen ring interconversion pathways. 77Se NMR spectroscopic study of the decomposition of 1,2,3,4,5-Se5S2 to 1,2,3,4,5,6-Se6S2 and 1,2,3,4-Se4S2". Inorganic Chemistry. 30 (19): 3679. doi:10.1021/ic00019a022.
  13. ^ "Definition: selenium sulfide from Online Medical Dictionary".
  14. ^ "DrugBank: DB00971 (Selenium Sulfide)". Archived from the original on 2007-04-27.
  15. ^ "Evolution (2001) - IMDb". Retrieved 19 May 2020.

Further reading[]

External links[]

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