Timeline of Braunschweig

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Braunschweig (Brunswick), Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by with reliable sources.
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Prior to 19th century[]

  • 861 - According to legend, Braunschweig founded by Bruno of Saxony.[1]
  • 955 - Area of city expanded.[2]
  • 1031 -  [de] church consecrated.[1]
  • 1145 - Riddagshausen Abbey founded.
  • 1160s - Henry the Lion makes Braunschweig his residence.
  • 1166 - Brunswick Lion statue created.[3]
  • 1175 - Dankwarderode Castle built.
  • 1188 - Gospels of Henry the Lion created.
  • 1190s -  [de] church construction begins.[1]
  • 1194 - Brunswick Cathedral built.[1]
  • 1194 - 6 August: Henry the Lion dies.
  • 1200s
    •  [de] church construction begins.
    • Braunschweig joins the Hanseatic League.[4]
    •  [de] (carnival) is celebrated.[5]
  • 1245 -  [de] (nursing home and orphanage) established.
  • 1293–94 -  [de] (civil unrest)
  • 1304 -  [de] on  [de] first mentioned.
  • 1307 -  [de] guildhall/exchange first mentioned.
  • 1312 - Rüningen gristmill first mentioned.
  • 1370s -  [de] (civil unrest)
  • 1390
  • 1396 -  [de] (city hall) building expanded.[7]
  • 1408 -  [de] (fountain) installed in the  [de].[7]
  • 1410s
    •  [de] (library) built.
    •  [de] (conflict between city council and churches)
  • 1411 - Faule Mette cannon created.
  • 1415 -  [de] secondary school established.
  • 1420 -  [de] church built (approximate date).[1]
  • 1432 - The Princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel move their Residenz from Braunschweig to Wolfenbüttel.[8]
  • 1434 - Aegidienkirche (church) built (approximate date).[1]
  • 1445–46 -  [de] (civil unrest)
  • 1451 -  [de] (church) built.[1]
  • 1487–89 -  [de] (civil unrest)
  • 1498 -  [de] (fair) established.[3]
  • 1509 - Printing press in operation.[9]
  • 1520s - Protestant Reformation in Braunschweig.
  • 1524 -  [de] built.[3]
  • 1531–32 - Braunschweig joins Schmalkaldic League.
  • 1534 -  [de] built.
  • 1551 - Population: 16,192.
  • 1567 -  [de] built.
  • 1573 -  [de] built on the  [de].[3]
  • 1627 -  [de] (brewery) established.
  • 1643 -  [de] (customs house) built.[3]
  • 1663 - Trial and execution of Anna Roleffes.
  • 1671 - Siege of Braunschweig by Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  • 1690 -  [de] (opera house and theatre) opens.[3]
  • 1745
    • Collegium Carolinum founded.[1]
    • Braunschweigische Anzeigen newspaper in publication.[1]
  • 1753 - Brunswick Palace established as the new ducal residence.[7]
  • 1754 - Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum and Naturhistorisches Museum open.[2]
  • 1761 - First Battle of Ölper
  • 1769 - Schloss Richmond (castle) built.
  • 1772 - 13 March: Premiere of Lessing's play Emilia Galotti.
  • 1773 - Population: 23,385.
  • 1790s -  [de] dismantled (approximate date).[1]
  • 1791 -  [de] (bridge) rebuilt.
  • 1799 - Friedrich Vieweg (publisher) moves to Braunschweig.

19th century[]

  • 1806 - French in power;  [de] begins.
  • 1807 -  [de] becomes mayor.
  • 1809 - 1 August: Second Battle of Ölper
  • 1815 - Duchy of Brunswick established
  • 1823 - Obelisk erected in the  [de].
  • 1829 - 19 January: Premiere of Goethe's play Faust, Part One.
  • 1830
    • 7 September: Civil unrest.[3]
    • 7–8 September: Brunswick Palace stormed by an angry mob and destroyed completely.[10]
  • 1835 - Grotrian-Steinweg established.
  • 1838 - Westermann Verlag (publisher) in business.
  • 1838 - 1 December: First section of the Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway line, connecting Braunschweig and Wolfenbüttel, opens.[11][12]
  • 1843–44 - Hanover–Brunswick railway opens.
  • 1844 - Rabbinical Conference of Brunswick
  • 1847 - MTV Braunschweig established.
  • 1848–49 -  [de]
  • 1849 - Voigtländer sets up its office in Braunschweig.
  • 1853 -  [de] active.[13]
  • 1856 - Westermanns Monatshefte [de] (magazine) headquartered in Braunschweig.
  • 1860 -  [de] established.[14]
  • 1861
    • Staatstheater Braunschweig (theatre) opens.
    •  [de] (library) and  [de] founded.
  • 1863 -  [de] sculpture erected atop the palace.
  • 1871
    •  [de] newspaper in publication.
    •  [de] brewery in business.
    • Population: 57,883.[15]
  • 1872 - Brunswick–Magdeburg railway begins operating.
  • 1874 - Konrad Koch introduces football to Germany.[16]
  • 1875 - 23 September:  [de] opens.
  • 1879 - Trams in Braunschweig begin operating.
  • 1880 - Population: 75,038.[17]
  • 1885 - Population: 85,174.[18]
  • 1887 -  [de] (cemetery) established.
  • 1890 - Population: 101,047.[19]
  • 1891 - Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum founded.
  • 1894–1900 - New  [de] (city hall) built.
  • 1895
    • Eintracht Braunschweig football club and  [de] (cemetery) established.
    •  [de] bookseller in business.
    • Population: 115,138.[20]

20th century[]

1900–1945[]

  • 1901 -  [de] (historical society) founded.[3]
  • 1903 - Büssing established.
  • 1906 - Dankwarderode Castle reconstructed.
  • 1907 -  [de] (bicycle manufactory) in business.[3]
  • 1909 - 21 April: Gymnasium Gaussschule established.
  • 1913 - 24 May: Marriage of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick and Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia.[21]
  • 1918
    •  [de] occurs.[3]
    • 8 November: Ernest Augustus forced to abdicate.[22][23]
    • 10 November: Socialist Republic of Brunswick proclaimed.
    • 10 November: Free State of Brunswick established.
  • 1919
  • 1920 - Rollei established.
  • 1923 - 17 June: Eintracht-Stadion opens.
  • 1929 - Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule moved to Broitzem.
  • 1931
    •  [de] is incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.
    •  [de] (newspaper) begins publication.
    • 17–18 October: A large Nazi rally is held in Braunschweig, 100,000 SA stormtroopers march through the city.[27]
  • 1933 - Mittelland Canal reaches Braunschweig.
  • 1934
    •  [de],  [de],  [de], Ölper,  [de],  [de], and  [de] are incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.
    • Population: 166,823.
  • 1935 - SS-Junkerschule Braunschweig established.[28]
  • 1936
    • Luftfahrtforschungsanstalt in Völkenrode built.
    • Braunschweig Airport opens.
  • 1938
    •  [de] (formerly Brunswick State Conservatoire) established.
    • 23 February: Volkswagenwerk Braunschweig starts production.
    • 9–10 November: Kristallnacht in Braunschweig.
  • 1939
    • Nazi Academy for Youth Leadership built.[29]
    • Population: 208,400.
  • 1940
    • Synagogue demolished.
    • Bombing of Braunschweig in World War II begins.
  • 1943 - Entbindungsheim für Ostarbeiterinnen established.[30]
  • 1944 - 17 August: KZ subcamp Schillstraße established.
  • 1945 - 12 April:  [de].

1946–1999[]

  • 1946 - Braunschweiger Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
  • 1947 - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt refounded in Braunschweig.
  • 1949
    •  [de] (school) established.
    •  [de] bookshop in business.
  • 1955 - 1 February: Luftfahrt-Bundesamt opens.
  • 1960
    • Brunswick Palace demolished.
    • Building of the Weststadt starts.[31]
    • 1 October: Braunschweig Hauptbahnhof opens.
  • 1963 - Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig established.
  • 1971 - Fachhochschule Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel established.
  • 1972 - Braunschweiger Verkehrs-AG (public transit entity) active.
  • 1974 - 28 February: District of Braunschweig disestablished and its main part incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.
  • 1975 - Population: 269,900.
  • 1976 - Gerhard Glogowski becomes mayor.
  • 1977 - Federal Agricultural Research Centre established.
  • 1982 -  [de] established.
  • 1987 - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen moves to Braunschweig.
  • 1988 - Braunschweig Classix Festival established.
  • 1991–94 - Reconstruction of Alte Waage.
  • 1994 - Sparkassen Open tennis tournament established.
  • 1998 - 1 September: German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation established.[32]
  • 2000
    • Wilhelm Raabe Literature Prize established.
    • 20 September: Volkswagen Halle opens.

21st century[]

  • 2001 -  [de] built in the  [de].
  • 2006 - 6 December:  [de] opens.
  • 2007 - 6 May: Rebuilt Brunswick Palace opens.
  • 2010 -  [de] light rail project cancelled.
  • 2013 - Population: 247,227.
  • 2014 -  [de] becomes mayor.

Images[]

  • Braunschweig on the Ebstorf Map, circa 1300

  • City Hall and fountain, installed 1408 (photo circa 1865)

  • Braunschweig in 1492

  • Braunschweig in the 16th century, from the Civitates orbis terrarum by Georg Braun and Frans Hogenberg.

  • Braunschweig in 1550.

  • Braunschweig in 1610.

  • Programme for premiere of Goethe's Faust, 1829

  • Brunswick Palace set on fire, 7 September 1830

  • Altstadtmarkt in 1834, by Domenico Quaglio the Younger.

  • Fair in 1840.

  • Kohlmarkt in 1894.

  • Braunschweig around 1900.

  • Braunschweig on the night of 15 October 1944

  • Braunschweig in 2011.

See also[]

  • Braunschweig history
  • History of Braunschweig [de]
  •  [de]

Other cities in the state of Lower Saxony:(de)

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Britannica 1910.
  2. ^ Overall 1870.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Stadtgeschichte: Stadtchronik Braunschweig" [City History: Chronology of Braunschweig] (in German). Stadt Braunschweig. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  4. ^ Moderhack, Richard (1997). Braunschweiger Stadtgeschichte (in German). Braunschweig: Wagner. pp. 50–52. ISBN 3-87884-050-0.
  5. ^ Søndergaard, Leif. "Carnival is Festival: Dances as Entertainment". Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  6. ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c Baedeker 1910.
  8. ^ Moderhack 1997, pp. 60–69
  9. ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
  10. ^ Gerhard Schildt: Von der Restauration zur Reichsgründungszeit, in Horst-Rüdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.), Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 753–766
  11. ^ E. Oppermann (1911): Landeskunde des Herzogtums Braunschweig. Geschichte und Geographie. Braunschweig: E. Appelhans, p. 64.
  12. ^ Neubauer, Jürgen / Salewsky, Dieter (1988): 150 Jahre 1. Deutsche Staatseisenbahn Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. Braunschweig: Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag. ISBN 3-926701-05-6.
  13. ^ "Germany". International Banking Directory. New York: Bankers Publishing Company. 1922.
  14. ^ "Stadtarchiv: Geschichte des Archivs" (in German). Stadt Braunschweig. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  15. ^ "Germany: States of Germany: Brunswick". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1873.
  16. ^ Ciarán Fahey (19 June 2014). "Fußball: The History of a German Obsession". Societäts-Medien. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  17. ^ "Germany: States of Germany: Brunswick". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1883.
  18. ^ "German Empire: States of Germany: Brunswick". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890.
  19. ^ "German Empire". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1894.
  20. ^ "German Empire". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899 – via HathiTrust.
  21. ^ Henning Steinführer, Gerd Biegel (eds.): 1913 – Braunschweig zwischen Monarchie und Moderne. Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2015, ISBN 978-3-944939-12-4.
  22. ^ Moderhack 1997, pp. 193–194
  23. ^ Rother 1990, pp. 27–30
  24. ^ Rother 1990, pp. 67–72
  25. ^ Hans-Ulrich Ludewig (2000): Der Erste Weltkrieg und die Revolution (1914–1918/19), in: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.), Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 935–943
  26. ^ "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.
  27. ^ Rother 1990, p. 244
  28. ^ "Braunschweiger Schloss / SS-Junkerschule". Vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  29. ^ "Akademie für Jugendführung". Vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  30. ^ "Entbindungsheim für Ostarbeiterinnen". Vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  31. ^ Braunschweig-Weststadt - größtes Wohnbauprojekt in unserer Region (in German). Retrieved on 3 September 2017.
  32. ^ "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved 30 November 2014.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography[]

in English[]

in German[]

  • "Braunschweig: Die Stadt". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858 – via Google Books. (bibliography)
  • Braunschweig.  [de] (in German). 6, 16, 35. Leipzig:  [de]. 1868–1928 – via HathiTrust.
  • Hermann Adalbert Daniel (1878). "Das Herzogthum Braunschweig". Handbuch der Geographie (in German) (5th ed.). Leipzig: Fues's Verlag.
  • Karl von Hegel (1891). "Braunschweig". Städte und Gilden der germanischen Völker im Mittelalter (in German). 2. Leipzig:  [de] – via HathiTrust.
  • "Braunschweig". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896.
  • P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Braunschweig". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
  • Rother, Bernd (1990). Die Sozialdemokratie im Land Braunschweig 1918 bis 1933 (in German). Bonn: Verlag J. H. W. Dietz Nachf. ISBN 3-8012-4016-9.
  •  [de] (in German), 1992

External links[]

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