Timeline of Hanover

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hanover, Germany.

Prior to 19th century[]

1333 - Kreuzkirche (church) consecrated.
1347 - Aegidienkirche (church) built.
1366 - Marktkirche (church) built.
1369 - Welfs in power.^[1]
1382 - [de] built near city.
1400 - Public clock installed (approximate date).^[2]
1410 - Town Hall building expanded (approximate date).^(de)^[3]
1440 - [de] (library) founded.^[4]^[5]
1529 - Hanover Schützenfest established.
1550 - [de] (cemetery) established.
1670 - Neustädter Kirche (church) built.
1676 - Herrenhausen Palace expansion begins.^[1]
1689
- Population: 11,373.^[3]
- [de] opens with premiere of Steffani's opera Henrico Leone.^[6]
1698 - [de] in use.
1720 - [de] active.^[7][1]
1726 - [de] laid out.
1755 - Population: 17,432.^[3]
1797 - [de] founded.^[8]
1798 - [de] (city directory) begins publication.^[3]

19th century[]

1810 - Hanover becomes part of the Kingdom of Westphalia.^[1]
1815 - City becomes capital of the Kingdom of Hanover.^[1]
1821 - Population: 33,255.^[3]
1824 - [de] becomes part of city.^[3]
1826 - Gas lighting installed.^[9]
1832 - [de] (art society) formed.
1835 - [de] (historical society) founded.
1838 - [de] (military barracks) built.
1844 - Hanover–Braunschweig Railway in operation.
1847
- Bremen–Hanover railway begins operating.
- Development of [de] area begins.^[3]
1851 - Thalia Society founded.^[10]
1852
- Royal Theatre built.^[1]^[11]
- [de] newspaper in publication.^[3]
1853 - Hanoverian Southern Railway begins operating.
1854 - [de] newspaper begins publication.
1856 - [de] built.
1861 - Population: 71,170.^[12]
1864
- Hanover–Hamburg railway in operation.
- [de] and [de] (cemeteries) established.
1865 - Hanover Zoo established.^[13]
1866
- Hanover becomes part of Prussia.^[1]
- [de] active.[2]
- [de] (palace) built.^[1]
- X Army Corps headquartered in Hanover.
- [de] established.
1870 - [de] built.
1871 - Continental rubber manufacturer in business.
1872
- Horse-drawn tram begins operating.^(de)
- [de] built.^[14]
1879 - Hannover Hauptbahnhof rebuilt.
1885 - Population: 139,731.^[15]
1886 - [de] built.
1888 - Photographischer Verein founded.^[16]
1889
- [de] opens.
- Kestner Museum established.
1891 - [de], Herrenhausen, [de], and [de] become part of city.^[3]
1893
- Electric tram begins operating.^(de)
- [de] newspaper begins publication.
1895 - [de] and [de] built.
1896
- Hannover 96 football club formed.
- [de] installed.
1897 - Music Conservatory established.
1898 - Hannoversche Waggonfabrik (manufacturer) in business.

20th century[]

1900-1945[]

1902 - Provincial museum built.^[1]
1903 - [de] opens.
1904 - Bismarck Tower erected.
1907 - [de], [de], Klein-Buchholz, [de], Kirchrode [de], Mecklenheide, Stöcken, and [de] become part of city.^[3]
1908 - Anti-noise society formed.^[17]
1911 - [de] (theatre) opens.
1913 - New City Hall built in the [de].
1914
- Stadthalle built.^(de)
- [de] opens.
1916
- Kestnergesellschaft (modern art society) formed.^[18]
- [de] (fountain) installed in the Neustädter Markt.
1918
- November: German Revolution of 1918–19.
- [de] becomes mayor.
1919
- Deutsche Luft-Reederei begins operating its Berlin-Hannover airplane route.^[19]
- Population: 310,431.^[20]
1920
- Linden becomes part of city.^[3]
- [de] established.
1921
- Nazi Party branch established.^[21]
- Überlandwerke und Straßenbahnen Hannover AG (public transit entity) active.
- [de] in use.
1923
- German Völkisch Freedom Party branch established.^[21]
- Nazi [de] weekly newspaper begins publication.^[21]
1924 - [de] becomes mayor.
1925
- Arthur Menge becomes mayor.^[18]
- Population: 422,745.^[3]
1927 - Botanischer Schulgarten Burg (garden) established.^[22]
1936 - Maschsee (lake) created.
1937 - [de] becomes mayor.
1938 - November: Kristallnacht pogrom against Jews.
1939
- September: Bombing of Hanover in World War II by Allied forces begins.
- Population: 472,527.^[3]
1942 - [de] becomes Staatskommissare.^(de)
1944
- August: [de] begins operating.
- September: [de] begins operating.
- November: [de] established.
- [de] becomes Staatskommissare.^(de)
1945
- February: [de] begins operating.
- 10 April: Allied forces arrive.
- April–May: Mayor, Regierungspräsident, and Oberpräsident (local government officials) appointed.^[23]

1946-1990s[]

1946 - February: Flood.^(de)
1947
- 1 April: Food protest.^[24]
- Hannover Messe (trade fair) begins.^[3]
1949
- Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) in publication.
- [de] built.^[25]
1950s - Hannover War Cemetery established.
1951 - [de] built.
1952
- [de] (theatre) established.^[25]
- [de] built.
1954
- Niedersachsenstadion (stadium) opens.
- Mannesmann Tower erected.
- [de] begins.
- [de] rebuilt.
1965 - Oktoberfest Hannover [de] begins.
1965 - Population: 555,228.
1969 - [de] built.
1970 - Norddeutsche Landesbank headquartered in city.
1972 - [de] becomes mayor.^[25]
1974 - Ahelm, Anderten, Bemerode, Misburg, Vinnhorst, Wettbergen, and [de] become part of city.^[3]
1975
- Hanover Stadtbahn begins operating.
- Eilenriedehalle built in the [de].
1979 - Sprengel Museum opens.
1987 - [de] founded.
1991 - Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway built.
1992 - [de] moves to Bokemahle in [de].^[26]
2000
- June: Expo 2000 opens.
- Hanover S-Bahn commuter rail begins operating.

21st century[]

2001 - Gehry Tower built.
2002 - [de] built.
2005 - Regional [de] established, including its [de].^[27]
2006 - Stephan Weil becomes mayor.
2008
- [de] urban planning process begins.^[28]
- Baitus Sami Mosque built.
2013 - Stefan Schostok becomes mayor.
2014 - Population: 523,642.

Images[]

Herrenhäuser Allee, laid out in 1726 (postcard from 1906)
Vaterländisches Museum, opened in 1903
Crowd outside house of Hindenburg on day he becomes President of Germany, 12 May 1925
Bombed wreckage of Old Town Hall, 1943
Flood, 1946

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Britannica 1910.
^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Mlynek 2009.
^ Julius Petzholdt (1853), "Hannover", Handbuch Deutscher Bibliotheken (in German), Halle: H.W. Schmidt, OCLC 8363581
^ "Ubersicht uber die Geschichte der Stadt-Bibliothek", Katalog der Stadt-bibliothek zu Hannover (in German), 1901
^ "Nds. Staatstheater Hannover GmbH (NSH)". NLA Hannover (in German). [de]. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
^ "Über uns: Geschichte" (in German). Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
^ Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
^ Chambers 1901.
^ Lindau 2000.
^ Fischer 1899.
^ "Germany: States of North Germany: Prussia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869.
^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
^ Magistrat 1908.
^ "German Empire". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890.
^ Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
^ Florence Feiereisen; Alexandra Merley Hill, eds. (2011). Germany in the Loud Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-987722-5.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Heine 1994.
^ Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
^ "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Farquharson 1973.
^ "Garden Search: Germany". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
^ Marshall 1986.
^ "March 24-April 6, 1947". Chronology of International Events and Documents. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 3. 1947. JSTOR 40545021.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Mlynek 1991.
^ "Stadtarchiv: Archivgeschichte". Hannover.de (in German). Retrieved 30 November 2015.
^ "Niedersächsische Landesarchiv: Geschichte des Landesarchivs". Niedersachsen.de (in German). Retrieved 30 November 2015.
^ "Hannover City 2020 +". Hannover.de (in German). Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Landeshauptstadt Hannover. Retrieved 30 November 2015.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography[]

in English[]

Abraham Rees (1819), "Hanover", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Hanover", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh
"Hanover". Handbook for North Germany. London: J. Murray. 1886.
"Hanover". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.
"Hanover", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379 + 1873 ed.
"Hanover", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
Robert E Dickinson (1951). "Structure of the German City: Hanover". West European City: a Geographical Interpretation. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-25970-8.
John Farquharson (1973), "The NSDAP in Hanover and Lower Saxony 1921-26", Journal of Contemporary History, 8 (4): 103–120, doi:10.1177/002200947300800406, JSTOR 260130
Barbara Marshall (1986), "Democratization of Local Politics in the British Zone of Germany: Hanover 1945-47", Journal of Contemporary History, 21 (3): 413–451, doi:10.1177/002200948602100304, JSTOR 260436
Werner Heine & Annette Haxton (1994), "'Futura' without a Future: Kurt Schwitters' Typography for Hanover Town Council, 1929-1934", Journal of Design History, 7 (2): 127–140, doi:10.1093/jdh/7.2.127, JSTOR 1316081

in German[]

published in the 19th century

Hoppe (1845). Geschichte der Stadt Hannover (in German).
Friedrich Wilhelm Andreae (1859). Chronik der residenzstadt Hannover (in German). Hildesheim: Finckesche Buchhandlung.
Adressbuch, Stadt- und Geschäfts-Handbuch der königlichen Residenzstadt Hannover (in German). 1872 – via HathiTrust. + 1884 ed.
[de] (in German). Vereins für die Geschichte der Stadt Hannover. 1898. ongoing
"Hannover (Stadt)". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German). 8 (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896.
Georg Fischer (1899). Opern und Concerte im Hoftheater zu Hannover bis 1866 (in German). Hanover: Hahn.

published in the 20th century

Otto Jürgens (1907). Hannoversche chronik (in German). Hanover: Geibel. (chronology)
Verwaltungsbericht des Magistrats der Koniglichen Haupt- und Residenzstadt Hannover, 1906-07 [Management report of the magistrate of the royal residence and capital city of Hanover] (in German). Hanover: Aug. Eberlein & Co. 1908.
P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Hannover". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
Hannover und Hildesheim. Griebens Reiseführer (in German). 151 (2nd ed.). Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt. 1914 – via HathiTrust.
Adelheid von Saldern, ed. (1989). Stadt und Moderne: Hannover in der Weimarer Republik (in German). Ergebnisse. ISBN 978-3-925622-51-9.
Klaus Mlynek; Waldemar R. Röhrbein, eds. (1991). Hannover Chronik (in German). [de]. ISBN 978-3-87706-319-4. (chronology)
Klaus Mlynek; Waldemar R. Röhrbein, eds. (1994). Geschichte der Stadt Hannover (in German). Schlütersche. ISBN 978-3-87706-364-4.
(2000). Hannover: Wiederaufbau und Zerstörung; die Stadt im Umgang mit ihrer bauhistorischen Identität (in German) (2nd ed.). Schlütersche. ISBN 978-3-87706-659-1.

published in the 21st century

[de] (in German). 2002.
[de] (in German) (4th ed.). 2007.
Klaus Mlynek; et al., eds. (2009), Stadtlexikon Hannover (in German), Schlütersche, ISBN 9783842682078 – via Google Books^(de)

External links[]

"Stadtgeschichte". Hannover.de (in German). Landeshauptstadt Hannover.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Britannica 1910.

[Rossum1996-2] Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.

[FOOTNOTEMlynek2009-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Mlynek 2009.

[petzholdt1853-4] Julius Petzholdt (1853), "Hannover", Handbuch Deutscher Bibliotheken (in German), Halle: H.W. Schmidt, OCLC 8363581

[5] "Ubersicht uber die Geschichte der Stadt-Bibliothek", Katalog der Stadt-bibliothek zu Hannover (in German), 1901

[6] "Nds. Staatstheater Hannover GmbH (NSH)". NLA Hannover (in German). [de]. Retrieved 8 June 2019.

[7] "Über uns: Geschichte" (in German). Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek. Retrieved 30 November 2015.

[parrott-8] Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.

[FOOTNOTEChambers1901-9] Chambers 1901.

[FOOTNOTELindau2000-10] Lindau 2000.

[FOOTNOTEFischer1899-11] Fischer 1899.

[12] "Germany: States of North Germany: Prussia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869.

[Kisling2000-13] Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.

[FOOTNOTEMagistrat1908-14] Magistrat 1908.

[15] "German Empire". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890.

[kunsthandbuch1904-16] Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.

[Feiereisen2011-17] Florence Feiereisen; Alexandra Merley Hill, eds. (2011). Germany in the Loud Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-987722-5.

[FOOTNOTEHeine1994-18] Jump up to: ^a ^b Heine 1994.

[Robertson2011-19] Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.

[20] "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.

[FOOTNOTEFarquharson1973-21] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Farquharson 1973.

[botanic-22] "Garden Search: Germany". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 November 2015.

[FOOTNOTEMarshall1986-23] Marshall 1986.

[24] "March 24-April 6, 1947". Chronology of International Events and Documents. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 3. 1947. JSTOR 40545021.

[FOOTNOTEMlynek1991-25] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Mlynek 1991.

[26] "Stadtarchiv: Archivgeschichte". Hannover.de (in German). Retrieved 30 November 2015.

[27] "Niedersächsische Landesarchiv: Geschichte des Landesarchivs". Niedersachsen.de (in German). Retrieved 30 November 2015.

[28] "Hannover City 2020 +". Hannover.de (in German). Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Landeshauptstadt Hannover. Retrieved 30 November 2015.

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show v t Years in Germany (1870–present)
19th century	Pre-1870 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900
20th century	1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
21st century	2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

show v t Capitals of states of the Federal Republic of Germany
Capitals of area states	Dresden (Saxony) Düsseldorf (North Rhine-Westphalia) Erfurt (Thuringia) Hanover (Lower Saxony) Kiel (Schleswig-Holstein) Magdeburg (Saxony-Anhalt) Mainz (Rhineland-Palatinate) Munich (Bavaria) Potsdam (Brandenburg) Saarbrücken (Saarland) Schwerin (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Stuttgart (Baden-Württemberg) Wiesbaden (Hesse)
City-states¹	Berlin City of Bremen (State of Bremen) Hamburg
Capitals of former states	Freiburg im Breisgau (South Baden, 1949–1952) Stuttgart (Württemberg-Baden, 1949–1952) Tübingen (Württemberg-Hohenzollern, 1949–1952)
¹ Unlike the mono-city states Berlin and Hamburg, the State of Bremen consists of two cities, thus state and capital are not identical.