1690s

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The 1690s decade ran from January 1, 1690, to December 31, 1699.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
  • 16th century
  • 17th century
  • 18th century
Decades:
  • 1670s
  • 1680s
  • 1690s
  • 1700s
  • 1710s
Years:
  • 1690
  • 1691
  • 1692
  • 1693
  • 1694
  • 1695
  • 1696
  • 1697
  • 1698
  • 1699
Categories:
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • By country
  • By topic
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments

Events

1690

This section is transcluded from 1690. ( | )

January–June[]

  • January 6 – Joseph, son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, becomes King of the Romans.
  • January 7 – The first recorded full peal is rung, at St Sepulchre-without-Newgate in the City of London, marking a new era in change ringing.
  • January 14 – The clarinet is said to have been invented in Nuremberg, Germany.[1]
  • February 3 – The Massachusetts Bay Colony issues the first paper money in North America.
  • May 20 – England passes the Act of Grace, forgiving followers of the deposed James II.
  • June 14 – King William III of England (William of Orange) lands in Ireland, to confront James II.
  • June 8 – Siddi general Yadi Sakat razes the Mazagon Fort in Mumbai.

July–December[]

  • July 10 – Battle of Beachy Head (also known as the Battle of Bévéziers): The Anglo-Dutch navy is defeated by the French, giving rise to fears of a Jacobite invasion of England.[2]
  • July 11 – Battle of the Boyne, north of Dublin: King William III of England (William of Orange) defeats the deposed James II, who returns to exile in France.[3][4][5] The rebellion in Ireland continues for a further year until the Orange army gains full control.
  • July 26 – A French landing party raids and burns Teignmouth in Devon, England. However, with the loss of James II's position in Ireland, any plans for a real invasion are soon shelved, and Teignmouth is the last French attack on England.
  • August 24 – In India, the fort and trading settlement of Sutanuti (which later becomes Calcutta) is founded on the Hooghly River by the English East India Company, following the signing of an Anglo-Moghul treaty.[4]
  • September 25 – The only issue of Publick Occurrences is published in Boston, Massachusetts, before being suppressed by the colonial authorities.
  • October 6–12 – Massachusetts Puritans, led by Sir William Phips, besiege the city of Quebec; the siege ends in failure.
  • October 8 – Great Turkish War: The Ottomans recapture Belgrade.
  • November 17 – Barclays is founded in London, England.
  • December – The planet Uranus is first sighted and recorded, by John Flamsteed, who mistakenly catalogues it as the star 34 Tauri.
  • December 29 – An earthquake hits Ancona, in the Papal States of Italy.

Date unknown[]

  • Serbian Patriarch Arsenije III Carnojevic leads the first of the two Great Serbian Migrations into the Habsburg Empire, following Ottoman atrocities in Kosovo.
  • The Hearth Tax is abolished in Scotland, one year after its abolition in England and Wales.
  • French physicist Denis Papin, while in Leipzig and having observed the mechanical power of atmospheric pressure on his 'digester', builds a working model of a reciprocating steam engine for pumping water, the first of its kind, though not efficient.
  • Giovanni Domenico Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiter's atmosphere.
  • The Barrage Vauban, a defensive work in the city of Strasbourg (in present-day France), is completed.[6]
  • Possible year of the disappearance of the western part of the island of Buise, in St. Peter's Flood.

1691

This section is transcluded from 1691. ( | )

January–June[]

  • March 5 – Nine Years' War: French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons.
  • March 20 – Leisler's Rebellion: A new governor arrives in New York – Jacob Leisler surrenders, after a standoff of several hours.[7]
  • March 29 – The Siege of Mons ends in the city's surrender.
  • April 9 – A fire at the Palace of Whitehall in London destroys its Stone Gallery.[8]
  • May 6 – The Spanish Inquisition condemns and forcibly baptizes 219 Xuetas in Palma, Majorca. When 37 try to escape the island, they are burned alive at the stake.
  • May 16 – Jacob Leisler is hanged for treason.
  • June 23 – Ahmed II (1691–1695) succeeds Suleiman II (1687–1691), as Ottoman Emperor.

July–December[]

  • July 12
    • Pope Innocent XII becomes the 242nd pope, succeeding Pope Alexander VIII.
    • Williamite War in Ireland – Battle of Aughrim: Protestant Williamite forces, led by Godert de Ginkell, decisively defeat Jacobites under the Marquis de St Ruth (who is killed).
  • September 18 – War of the Grand Alliance: English and Dutch forces are defeated by the French in the Battle of Leuze.
  • October 3 – The Treaty of Limerick, ending the Williamite War in Ireland and guaranteeing civil rights to Roman Catholics, is signed (It was broken "before the ink was dry", according to a contemporary commentator). The Flight of the Wild Geese (the departure of the Jacobite army) follows.
  • October 17 (October 7 Old Style) – In New England, the two separate colonies of Massachusetts Bay Colony and Plymouth Colony are united into a single entity, by an act of the King and Queen of England.

Date unknown[]

  • Michel Rolle invents Rolle's theorem, an essential theorem of mathematics.
  • The Khalkha submit to the Manchu invaders, bringing most of modern-day Mongolia under the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

1692

This section is transcluded from 1692. ( | )

January–June[]

  • February 13 – Massacre of Glencoe: The forces of Robert Campbell slaughter around 40 members of the Clan MacDonald of Glencoe in Scotland (from whom they have previously accepted hospitality), for delaying to sign an oath of allegiance to King William III of England.[9]
  • March 1 – The Salem witch trials begin in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony, with the charging of 3 women with witchcraft.
  • March 22 – The Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty issues the Edict of Toleration, recognizing all the Roman Catholic Church, not just the Jesuits, and legalizing missions and their conversion of Chinese people.[10]
  • May 29 (May 19 OS) – Nine Years' War: Battle of Barfleur – The Anglo-Dutch fleet breaks the French line off the Cotentin Peninsula, foiling the French plan to invade England.[11]
  • June 13–14 (June 3–4 OS) – Nine Years' War: Battle of La Hogue – The action begun at Barfleur ends with further destruction of the French fleet.[11]
  • June 7 – Jamaica earthquake: An earthquake and related tsunami destroy Port Royal, capital of Jamaica, and submerge a major part of it; an estimated 2,000 are immediately killed, 2,300 injured, and a probable additional 2,000 die from the diseases which ravage the island in the following months.
  • June 8 – During a famine in Mexico City, an angry mob torches the Viceroy's palace and ignites the archives; most of the documents and some paintings are saved by royal geographer Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora.
  • June 10 – The Salem witch trials' first victim, Bridget Bishop, is hanged for witchcraft.

July–December[]

  • September 8 – An earthquake in Brabant of scale 5.8 is felt across the Low Countries, Germany and England.[12]
  • September 14 – Diego de Vargas leads Spanish colonists in retaking the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico, after a 12-year exile, following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680.
  • Salem witch trials:
    • September 19 – Giles Corey is pressed to death, in an attempt to coerce a confession from him of witchcraft. By the end of September, 14 women and 5 men have been hanged.
    • September 22 – The last of those convicted of witchcraft in the Salem witch trials are hanged; the remainder of those convicted are all eventually released.

1693

This section is transcluded from 1693. ( | )

January–June[]

  • January 11 – 1693 Sicily earthquake: Mount Etna erupts, causing a devastating earthquake that affects parts of Sicily and Malta.
  • February 8 – The College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia is granted a Royal charter.
  • May 18 – Forces of Louis XIV of France attack Heidelberg, capital of the Electorate of the Palatinate.
  • May 22 – Heidelberg is taken by the invading French forces; on May 23 Heidelberg Castle is surrendered, after which the French blow up its towers using mines.
  • June 27 – Nine Years' War – Battle of Lagos off Portugal: The French fleet defeats the joint Dutch and English fleet.

July–December[]

  • July 29 – Nine Years' War – Battle of Landen: William III of England is defeated by the French (with Irish Jacobite mercenaries).
  • October 11 – Charleroi falls to French forces.
  • October – William Congreve's comedy The Double-Dealer is first performed in London.[13][14]

Date unknown[]

  • China concentrates all its foreign trade on Canton; European ships are forbidden to land anywhere else.
  • A religious schism takes place in Switzerland, within a group of Swiss and Alsatian Anabaptists led by Jakob Ammann. Those who follow Ammann become the Mennonite Amish sect.[15]
  • The Knights of the Apocalypse are formed in Italy.
  • The Academia Operosorum Labacensium is established in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
  • Financier Richard Hoare relocates Hoare's Bank (founded 1672) from Cheapside to Fleet Street in London.
  • Italian barber Giovanni Paolo Feminis creates a perfume water called Aqua Admirabilis, earliest known form of eau de Cologne.[16]
  • John Locke publishes his influential book Some Thoughts Concerning Education.[17]
  • William Penn publishes his proposal for European federation, Essay on the Present and Future Peace of Europe.[14]
  • Dimitrie Cantemir presents his Kitâbu 'İlmi'l-Mûsiki alâ Vechi'l-Hurûfât (The Book of the Science of Music through Letters) to Sultan Ahmed II, which deals with melodic and rhythmic structure and practice of Ottoman music, and contains the scores for around 350 works composed during and before his own time, in an alphabetical notation system he invented.

1694

This section is transcluded from 1694. ( | )

January–June[]

  • February 5 – The ship Ridderschap van Holland is lost at sea, after it departs the Cape of Good Hope, but does not arrive at Batavia.
  • February 6 – The colony of Quilombo dos Palmares, Brazil, is destroyed.
  • March 1 – The HMS Sussex treasure fleet of thirteen ships is wrecked in the Mediterranean off Gibraltar, with the loss of approximately 1,200 lives.
  • May 27 – Battle of Torroella: The French Navy defeats Spain.

July–December[]

  • July 27 – The Bank of England is founded through Royal charter by the Whig-dominated Parliament of England, following a proposal by Scottish merchant William Paterson to raise capital, by offering safe and steady returns of interest guaranteed by future taxes. A total of £1.2 million is raised for the war effort against Louis XIV of France by the end of the year, to establish the first-ever government debt.
  • September 5 – The Great Fire of Warwick breaks out in England and destroys half the town. Donors raise £110,000 toward disaster relief, with Queen Anne contributing £1,000.[18]
  • Autumn – A major windstorm spreads the Culbin Sands over a large area of farmland, in Scotland.
  • October 23 – British/American colonial forces, led by Sir William Phips, fail to seize Quebec from the French.
  • October 25 – Queen Mary II of England founds the Royal Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich.[19]
  • December – Thomas Tenison is appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
  • December 3 – The Parliament of England passes the Triennial Act, requiring general elections every three years.[20]
  • December 28 – Queen Mary II of England dies of smallpox aged 32, leaving her husband King William III to rule alone but without an heir. Since he is also without a royal hostess, Mary's sister Princess Anne is summoned back to court (having been banished after an unseemly row with the queen), as his official heiress.

Date unknown[]

  • The Lao empire of Lan Xang unofficially ends.
  • The notorious voyage of the English slave ship Hannibal (part of the Atlantic slave trade out of Benin) ends with the death of nearly half of the 692 slaves aboard.
  • Rascians establish the settlement which will become Novi Sad on the Danube.
  • The Académie française publishes the first complete edition of its Dictionnaire in Paris.

1695

This section is transcluded from 1695. ( | )

January–June[]

  • February 6 – Mustafa II (1695–1703) succeeds Ahmed II as Ottoman Emperor.
  • April – The Parliament of England decides not to renew the Licensing Order of 1643 requiring press censorship.[14]
  • Spring – Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700): Russia begins the Azov campaigns (1695–96) against the Ottoman Empire.
  • June 24 – The Commission of Enquiry into the Massacre of Glencoe in Scotland in 1692 reports to the Parliament of England, blaming Sir John Dalrymple, Secretary of State over Scotland, and declares that a soldier should refuse to obey a "command against the law of nature".

July–December[]

  • July 12 – The Siege of Namur begins.
  • July 17 – The Bank of Scotland is founded.
  • August 8 – The Wren Building is started in Williamsburg, Virginia (completed in 1700).
  • August 13–15 – Nine Years' War: Brussels is bombarded by French troops.
  • September 1
    • Nine Years' War: France surrenders Namur, Spanish Netherlands to forces of the Grand Alliance, led by King William III of England, following the 2-month Siege of Namur.[21]
    • British Royal Navy ship HMS Winchester (1693) founders in the Florida Keys with the loss of 400.[22]
  • September 7 – English pirate Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable raids in history, with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship Ganj-i-Sawai. In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to put an end to all English trading in India.
  • December 31 – A window tax is imposed in England.[21] Some windows are bricked up to avoid it.

Date unknown[]

  • English manufacturers call for an embargo on Indian cloth, and silk weavers picket the House of Commons of England.
  • A £2 fine is imposed for swearing in England.
  • After 23 years of construction, Spain completes Castillo de San Marcos to protect St. Augustine, Florida, from foreign threats.
  • After many years of construction, the Potala Palace in Lhasa is completed.
  • Gold is discovered in Brazil.
  • Johanne Nielsdatter is executed for witchcraft, the last such confirmed execution in Norway.
  • In Amsterdam, the bank Wed. Jean Deutz & Sn. floats the first sovereign bonds on the local market. The scheme is designed to fund a 1.5 million guilder loan to the Holy Roman Emperor. From this date on, European leaders commonly take advantage of the low interest rates available in the Dutch Republic, and borrow several hundred millions on the Dutch capital market.[23]
  • The Great Famine of 1695–1697 begins as the Great Famine of Estonia (1695–97) in Swedish Estonia and spreads across Finland, Latvia, Norway and Sweden, while the "seven ill years" of famine in Scotland are ongoing.

1696

This section is transcluded from 1696. ( | )

January–June[]

  • January
  • January 27 – In England, the ship HMS Royal Sovereign (formerly HMS Sovereign of the Seas, 1638) catches fire and burns at Chatham, after 57 years of service.
  • January 29 (O.S.) – Peter the Great becomes sole tsar of Russia upon the death of his half-brother and co-ruler Tsar Ivan V.
  • January 31 – In the Netherlands, undertakers revolt after funeral reforms in Amsterdam.
  • February 15 – A Jacobite assassination plot against King William III of England is foiled.[24]
  • March – A second Pueblo Revolt occurs in Santa Fe de Nuevo México.[25]
  • March 7 – King William III of England departs from the Netherlands.
  • April – Fire destroys the Gra Bet (Left Quarter) of Gondar, the capital of Ethiopia.
  • April 23 – Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700): Russia begins the second of the Azov campaigns (1695–96).
  • May 31 – John Salomonsz is elected chief of Sint Eustatius in the Caribbean Netherlands.

July–December[]

  • July 18 – Azov campaign: The Russian fleet occupies Azov at the mouth of the river Don.
  • July 29 – King Louis XIV of France and Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy, sign the Treaty of Turin, ending Savoy's involvement in the Nine Years' War.
  • August 13 – The Dutch state of Drenthe makes William III of Orange its Stadtholder.
  • August 22 – Forces of the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire clash near Andros.
  • November – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville captures and destroys St. John's, Newfoundland.[26]
  • November 21 – John Vanbrugh's play The Relapse, or Virtue in Danger is first performed in London.
  • December 7 – Connecticut Route 108, one of Connecticut's oldest highways is laid-out to Trumbull.
  • December 19 – Jean-François Regnard's verse comedy Le Joueur ("The Gamester") premieres in Paris.
  • December 24 – The Inquisition burns a number of Marrano Jews in Évora, Portugal.

Date unknown[]

  • The Great Famine of 1695–1697 wipes out almost a third of the population of Finland, while the Great Famine of Estonia (1695–97) takes out a fifth of the population of Estonia; and the "seven ill years" of famine in Scotland are ongoing.
  • Polish replaces Ruthenian as an official language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
  • Abington, Pennsylvania, is settled.
  • William Penn offers an elaborate plan for intercolonial cooperation largely in trade, defense, and criminal matters.
  • Edward Lloyd (coffeehouse owner) probably begins publication of Lloyd's News, a predecessor of Lloyd's List, in London.

1697

This section is transcluded from 1697. ( | )

January–June[]

  • January – French writer Charles Perrault publishes Histoires ou contes du temps passé ("Mother Goose tales") in Paris, a collection of popular fairy tales, including Cinderella, Puss in Boots, Red Riding Hood, The Sleeping Beauty and Bluebeard.
  • January 8 – Scottish student Thomas Aikenhead is hanged outside Edinburgh, becoming the last person in Great Britain to be executed for blasphemy.
  • March 9 – Grand Embassy of Peter the Great: Tsar Peter the Great of Russia sets out to travel in Europe incognito, as Artilleryman Pjotr Mikhailov.
  • March 13 – The Spanish conquest of Petén, and of Yucatán, is completed with the fall of Nojpetén, capital of the Itza Maya Kingdom, the last independent Maya state.
  • March 22 – Charles II of Spain issues a Royal Cedula extending to the indigenous nobles of the Spanish Crown colonies, as well as to their descendants, the preeminence and honors customarily attributed to the Hidalgos of Castile.
  • March 26 – Safavid occupation of Basra: Safavid government troops take control of Basra.
  • April 5 – Charles XII, the Swedish Meteor, becomes king of Sweden at age 14 on the death of his father, Charles XI.
  • May 17 (May 7 Old Style) – The 13th century royal Tre Kronor ("Three Crowns") castle in Stockholm burns to the ground. A large portion of the royal library is destroyed.
  • June 1 – Augustus II the Strong is elected king of Poland.
  • June 10 – The last mass execution for witchcraft in western Europe when five Paisley witches are hanged and then burned in Scotland.
  • June 30 – The earliest known first-class cricket match takes place in Sussex, England.

July–December[]

  • September 5 – Nine Years' War: Battle of Hudson's Bay – The French warship Pélican captures York Factory, a trading post of the English Hudson's Bay Company in modern-day Manitoba (Canada).
  • September 11 – Battle of Zenta: Prince Eugene of Savoy crushes the Ottoman army of Mustafa II, and effectively ends Turkish hopes of recovering lost ground in Hungary.
  • September 20 – The Treaty of Ryswick is signed by France and the Grand Alliance, to end both the Nine Years' War and King William's War. The conflict having been inconclusive, the treaty is proposed because the combatants have exhausted their national treasuries. Louis XIV of France recognises William III as King of England & Scotland, and both sides return territories they have taken in battle. In North America, the treaty returns Port-Royal (Acadia) to France. In practice, the treaty is little more than a truce; it does not resolve any of the fundamental colonial problems, and the peace lasts only five years.
  • October – The 6th Dalai Lama is installed.
  • December 2 – First service (to celebrate the Treaty of Ryswick) held in St Paul's Cathedral since rebuilding work after the Great Fire of London began.[27]
  • December 7 – Louis, Duke of Burgundy, and Marie Adélaïde of Savoy marry in the royal chapel at the Palace of Versailles in France.
  • December 11 – A ball in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles is held to celebrate the Duke of Burgundy and Marie Adélaïde's wedding.
  • December 14 – Charles XII of Sweden is crowned king.

Date unknown[]

  • The Manchus of the Qing dynasty conquer Outer Mongolia.
  • The British government passes the Trade with Africa Act 1697 (An Act to settle the Trade to Africa), confirming the Royal African Company's loss of monopoly on the Atlantic slave trade.
  • Christopher Polhem starts Sweden's first technical school.
  • Heinrich Escher, Mayor of Zürich, introduces chocolate to Switzerland from Brussels.[28]
  • The use of litters increases in Europe.

1698

This section is transcluded from 1698. ( | )

January–June[]

  • January 1 – The Abenaki tribe and the Massachusetts colonists sign a treaty, ending the conflict in New England.
  • January 4 – The Palace of Whitehall in London, England is destroyed by fire.[29]
  • January 23 – George Louis (who in 1714 will become King George I of Great Britain) becomes Elector of Hanover.

July–December[]

  • July 14 – Darien scheme: The first Scottish settlers leave for an ill-fated colony in Panama.
  • July 25 – English engineer Thomas Savery obtains a patent for a steam pump.[30]
  • August 25 – Peter the Great arrives back in Moscow; General Patrick Gordon has already crushed the Streltsy Uprising, with 341 rebels sentenced to be decapitated (tradition holds that tsar Peter decapitated some of them himself).
  • September 5 – In an effort to move his people away from Asiatic customs, Tsar Peter I of Russia imposes a tax on beards: all men except priests and peasants are required to pay a tax of either 100 or 60 rubles a year, depending upon status; peasants are required to pay two half kopecks each time they enter a city.
  • October 11 – The Treaty of the Hague is signed between the Dutch Republic, England and France.[31]
  • October 24 – Iberville and Bienville sail from Brest to the Gulf of Mexico, to defend the southern borders of New France; they will eventually found three capitals of Louisiana (New France), as the future American cities of Mobile, Biloxi & New Orleans.[32]
  • November – Tani Jinzan, astronomer and calendar scholar, observes a fire destroy Tosa (now Kōchi) in Japan at the same time as a Leonid meteor shower, taking it as evidence to reinforce belief in the "Theory of Areas".
  • November 14 – The first Eddystone Lighthouse, built off Plymouth, England, is illuminated.[33]
  • November 16 – A congress begins in Sremski Karlovci to discuss a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League.

Date unknown[]

  • Bucharest becomes the capital of Wallachia (part of modern-day Romania).
  • In Africa, Mombasa and Zanzibar are captured by Oman.
  • The Whigs sponsor Captain Kidd of New York as a privateer against French shipping.
  • Humphrey Hody is appointed regius professor of Greek at Oxford.
  • John Churchill, Earl of Marlborough is reinstated in the English army after a period in disgrace.
  • Since the establishment of its presidencies in 1689, the British East India Company has been under constant pressure from traders who are not members of the company, and are not licensed by the Crown to trade. Under a parliamentary ruling in favour of free trade, these private newcomers are able to set up a new company, called the New Company or English Company.

1699

This section is transcluded from 1699. ( | )

January–June[]

  • January 20 – The Parliament of England (under Tory dominance) limits the size of the country's standing army to 7,000 'native born' men;[34] hence, King William III's Dutch Blue Guards cannot serve in the line. By an Act of February 1, it also requires disbandment of foreign troops in Ireland.[35]
  • January 26 – The Republic of Venice, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Holy Roman Empire sign the Treaty of Karlowitz with the Ottoman Empire, marking an end to the major phase of the Ottoman–Habsburg wars. The Ottoman Turks cede to Austria all their former territories in Transylvania, Slavonia, Croatia and the whole of Hungary, except for the Banat of Temeswar. The Peloponnese and Dalmatia are ceded to Venice. Large parts of the Ukraine are ceded to Poland. The treaty marks a major geopolitical shift, as the Ottoman Empire subsequently abandons its expansionism and adopts a defensive posture while the Habsburg Monarchy expands its influence.
  • January 26 – A magnitude 9.0 earthquake stuck the Pacific Northwest of North America.[36]
  • February 4 – 350 rebellious Streltsy are executed in Moscow.
  • March 2 – The Edinburgh Gazette is first published in Scotland.
  • March 4 – Jews are expelled from Lübeck, Germany.[37]
  • April 13 – The 10th Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh, creates the Khalsa at Anandpur Sahib.
  • May 1 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville founds the first European settlement in the Mississippi River Valley, at Fort Maurepas (Ocean Springs, Mississippi).
  • June 11 – England, France and the Dutch Republic agree on the terms of the Treaty of London (1700) (Second Partition Treaty) for Spain.[38]
  • June 14 – Thomas Savery demonstrates his first steam pump to the Royal Society of London.

July–December[]

  • July 6 – Pirate Captain William Kidd is arrested and imprisoned in Boston, Massachusetts.
  • July 26 – William Dampier's expedition to New Holland (Australia), in HMS Roebuck, reaches Dirk Hartog Island, at the mouth of what he calls Shark Bay in Western Australia, and he begins producing the first known detailed record of Australian flora and fauna.[39]
  • August 25 – Christian V, King of Denmark–Norway since 1670, dies and is succeeded by his son, Frederick IV (to 1730).
  • September 22
    • Citizens of Rotterdam, Netherlands strike over the high price of butter.
    • The Treaty of Preobrazhenskoye calls for the partition of the Swedish Empire, between the Tsardom of Russia, Kingdom of Denmark–Norway, Electorate of Saxony and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
  • December 3 – Baron Jacob Hop is appointed as the treasurer-general of The Hague.
  • December 20 – Peter the Great orders the Russian New Year changed, from 1 September to 1 January.

Date unknown[]

  • Billingsgate Fish Market in London is sanctioned as a permanent institution, by an Act of Parliament.

Births[]

Transcluding articles: 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, and 1699

1690

Francesco Maria Veracini
Rev. Samuel Phillips
  • January 22 – Nicolas Lancret, French painter (d. 1743)
  • February 1 – Francesco Maria Veracini, Italian composer (d. 1768)
  • February 3 – Richard Rawlinson, English minister, antiquarian (d. 1755)
  • February 17 – Samuel Phillips (reverend), colonial American minister, 1st Pastor of the South Church in Andover (d. 1771)
  • March 18 – Christian Goldbach, Prussian mathematician (d. 1764)
  • April 22 – John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, English statesman (d. 1763)
  • September 12 – Peter Dens, Belgian Catholic theologian (d. 1775)
  • October 28 – Peder Tordenskjold, Norwegian naval hero (d. 1720)
  • October 29 – Martin Folkes, English antiquarian (d. 1754)
  • November 24 – Charles Theodore Pachelbel, German composer (d. 1750)
  • November 29 – Christian Augustus of Anhalt-Zerbst, father of Catherine II of Russia (d. 1747)
  • December 1 – Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1764)
  • December 22 – Meidingu Pamheiba, King of Manipur (d. 1751)
  • date unknown – Thomas Carter, Irish politician (d. 1763)

1691

Richard Challoner
  • February 27 – Edward Cave, English editor and publisher (d. 1754)
  • March 12 – Dionisia de Santa María Mitas Talangpaz, Filipino saint (b. 1732)
  • April 5 – Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1768)
  • April 9 – Johann Matthias Gesner, German classical scholar (d. 1761)
  • June 17 – Giovanni Paolo Pannini, Italian painter and architect (d. 1765)
  • August 25 – Alessandro Galilei, Italian architect, mathematician (d. 1737)
  • September 29 – Richard Challoner, English Catholic prelate (d. 1781)
  • October 1 – Arthur Onslow, English politician (d 1768)

1692

Elisabeth Farnese
  • February 25 – Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz, German adventurer and writer (d. 1775)
  • February 29 – John Byrom, English poet (d. 1763)
  • April 5 – Adrienne Lecouvreur, French actress (d. 1730)
  • April 8 – Giuseppe Tartini, Italian composer and violinist was born in Piran (d. 1770)
  • April 22 – James Stirling, Scottish mathematician (d. 1770)
  • May 18 – Joseph Butler, English bishop and philosopher (d. 1752)
  • August 3 – John Henley, English minister (d. 1756)
  • August 18 – Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon, Prime Minister of France (d. 1740)
  • October 25 – Elisabeth Farnese, queen of Philip V of Spain (d. 1766)
  • November 2 – Unico Wilhelm van Wassenaer, Dutch composer (d. 1766)
  • November 6 – Louis Racine, French poet (d. 1763)
  • November 15 – Eusebius Amort, German Catholic theologian (d. 1775)
  • November 21 – Carlo Innocenzo Frugoni, Italian poet (d. 1768)

1693

John Harrison
  • February 7 – Empress Anna of Russia (d. 1740)
  • February 24 – James Quin, English actor (d. 1766)
  • March 5 – Johann Jakob Wettstein, Swiss theologian (d. 1754)
  • March 7 – Pope Clement XIII (d. 1769)
  • March 16 – Malhar Rao Holkar, Indian nobleman (d. 1766)
  • March 24 – John Harrison, English clockmaker (d. 1776)
  • April 3 – George Edwards, English naturalist (d. 1773)
  • June 17 – Johann Georg Walch, German theologian (d. 1775)
  • July 21 – Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1768)
  • August 8 – Laurent Belissen, French composer (d. 1762)
  • September 3 – Charles Radclyffe, British politician (d. 1746)
  • September 21 – Thomas Secker, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1768)
  • 22 November – Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon, daughter of Louis (d. 1775)

1694

Voltaire
  • April 25 – Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, English architect (d. 1753)
  • May 11 – Princess Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein (d. 1772)
  • June 4 – François Quesnay, French economist (d. 1774)
  • June 26 – Georg Brandt, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (d. 1768)
  • June 27 – John Michael Rysbrack, Flemish sculptor (d. 1770)
  • July 4 – Louis-Claude Daquin, French composer (d. 1772)
  • August 5 – Leonardo Leo, Italian composer (d. 1744)
  • August 8 – Francis Hutcheson, Irish philosopher (d. 1746)
  • August 26 – Elisha Williams, American rector of Yale College (d. 1755)
  • September 22 – Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, English statesman and man of letters (d. 1773)
  • September 25 – Henry Pelham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1754)
  • October 26 – Johan Helmich Roman, Swedish composer (d. 1758)
  • November 16 – Isabella Simons, banker in the Austrian Netherlands (d. 1756)
  • November 21 – Voltaire, French philosopher (d. 1778)
  • November 28 – Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (d. 1728)
  • December 22 – Hermann Samuel Reimarus, German philosopher and writer (d. 1768)

1695

Pietro Locatelli
  • February 2 – William Borlase, English naturalist (d. 1772)
  • February 6 – Nicolaus II Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (d. 1726)
  • March 9 – Martín Sarmiento, Spanish scholar and writer (d. 1772)
  • March 15 – Alexander Joseph Sulkowski, Polish and Saxon general (d. 1762)
  • April 8 – Johann Christian Günther, German poet (d. 1723)
  • May 2 – Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni, French architect and painter (d. 1766)
  • May 3 – Henri Pitot, French engineer (d. 1771)
  • June 6 – Adriaan Valckenier, Dutch Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1737-1741) (d. 1751)
  • September 3 – Pietro Locatelli, Italian composer (d. 1764)
  • September 5 – Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (d. 1770)
  • October 5 – John Glas, Scottish minister (d. 1773)
  • November 10 – John Bevis, English physician and astronomer (d. 1771)
  • date unknown – Hedvig Catharina De la Gardie, Swedish salonnière (d. 1745)
    • Cai Wan, politically influential Chinese poet (d. 1755)

1696

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
  • January 5 – Giuseppe Galli-Bibiena, Italian architect, painter (d. 1757)
  • March 5 – Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Italian painter (d. 1770)
  • March 27 – Antoine Court, French Huguenot minister (d. 1760)
  • April 2 – Francesca Cuzzoni, Italian operatic soprano (d. 1778)
  • June 11 – Francis Edward James Keith, Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal (d. 1758)
  • June 27 – William Pepperrell, English colonial soldier (d. 1759)
  • July 14 – William Oldys, English antiquarian and bibliographer (d. 1761)
  • July 24 – Benning Wentworth, colonial governor of New Hampshire (d. 1770)
  • July 27 – Samuel Whittemore, American farmer and oldest known colonial combatant of the American Revolution (d. 1793)
  • August 2 – Mahmud I, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1754)
  • August 12 – Maurice Greene, English composer (d. 1755)
  • September 27 – Alphonsus Liguori, Italian founder of the Redemptorist Order (d. 1787)
  • October 10 – Chen Hongmou, Chinese scholar and philosopher (d. 1771)
  • October 13 – John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey, English statesman and writer (d. 1743)
  • November 2 – Conrad Weiser, Pennsylvania's ambassador to the Iroquois Confederacy (d. 1760)
  • December 22 – James Oglethorpe, English general and founder of the state of Georgia as a colony (d. 1785)
  • date unknown
    • Christine Kirch, German astronomer (d. 1782)
    • Carlo Zimech, Maltese priest and painter (d. 1766)[40]

1697

William Hogarth
  • January 30 – Johann Joachim Quantz, German flautist and composer (d. 1773)
  • February 24 – Bernhard Siegfried Albinus, German anatomist (d. 1770)
  • March 8? – Anne Bonny, Irish-born pirate (d. after 1721)[41]
  • March 9 – Friederike Caroline Neuber, German actress (d. 1760)
  • May 10 – Jean-Marie Leclair, French violinist and composer (k. 1764)
  • August 6 – Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1745)
  • October 7 – Canaletto, Italian artist (d. 1768)
  • October 22 – Catharina von Schlegel, German hymn writer (d. after 1768)
  • October 26 – John Peter Zenger, German American newspaper printer (d. 1746)
  • November 10 – William Hogarth, English artist (d. 1764)

1698

Pierre Louis Maupertuis
  • January 3 – Metastasio, (b. Pietro Antonio Domenico Trapassi), Italian poet and opera librettist (d. 1782)
  • February – Colin Maclaurin, Scottish mathematician (d. 1746)
  • February 16 – Pierre Bouguer, French mathematician, geophysicist, geodesist, and astronomer (d. 1758)
  • March 26 – Václav Prokop Diviš, Czech priest, scientist and inventor (d. 1765)
  • May 8 – Henry Baker, English naturalist (d. 1774)
  • May 17 – Gio Nicola Buhagiar, Maltese painter (d. 1752)[42]
  • July 17 – Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, French mathematician (d. 1759)
  • July 19 – Johann Jakob Bodmer, Swiss author (d. 1783)
  • September 6 – Jean Thurel, French soldier (d. 1807)
  • September 26 – William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire (d. 1755)
  • November 4 – Caleb Fleming, English dissenting minister, polemicist (d. 1779)
  • November 28 – Charlotta Frölich, Swedish agronomist (d. 1770)
  • December 24 – William Warburton, English critic and Bishop of Gloucester (d. 1779)
  • date unknown
    • Bernard Forest de Bélidor, French engineer (d. 1761)
    • William Moraley, English-American indentured servant and autobiographer, a primary source for life in the Province of Pennsylvania (d. 1762)
    • Baal Shem Tov, Polish rabbi and founder of the Hasidic movement of Judaism.

1699

Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin
  • March 23 – John Bartram, American botanist (d. 1777)
  • March 25 – Johann Adolph Hasse, German composer (d. 1783)
  • April 17 – Robert Blair, Scottish poet and cleric (d. 1746)
  • May 13 – Marquis of Pombal, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1782)
  • May 14 – Hans Joachim von Zieten, Prussian field marshal (d. 1786)
  • June 26 – Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin, French salon holder (d. 1777)
  • October 13 – Jeanne Quinault, French actress and playwright (d. 1783)
  • November 2 – Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, French painter (d. 1779)
  • November 25 – Pierre Subleyras, French painter (d. 1749)
  • November 30 – King Christian VI of Denmark (d. 1746)
  • December 19 – William Bowyer (printer), English printer (d. 1777)

Deaths[]

Transcluding articles: 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, and 1699

1690

David Teniers the Younger
Giovanni Legrenzi
Hieronymus van Beverningh
  • January 3 – Hillel ben Naphtali Zevi, Lithuanian rabbi (b. 1615)
  • February 6 – Jan van Buken, Flemish painter (b. 1635)
  • February 7 – Sir William Morice, 1st Baronet, English royalist statesman (b. c. 1628)
  • February 9 – John Louis, Count of Nassau-Ottweiler (b. 1625)
  • February 22 – Charles Le Brun, French artist (b. 1619)
  • February 23 – Elizabeth Walker, English pharmacist (b. 1623)
  • March 18 – Sir William Portman, 6th Baronet, English politician (b. 1643)
  • April 16 – Gesina ter Borch, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1633)
  • April 18 – Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, Austrian-born general of the Holy Roman Empire (b. 1643)
  • April 20 – Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria (b. 1660)
  • April 21 – Jacob de Graeff, member of the De Graeff-family from the Dutch Golden Age (b. 1642)
  • April 25 – David Teniers the Younger, Flemish artist (b. 1610)
  • April 28 – Étienne Le Hongre, French sculptor (b. 1628)
  • May 9
    • Theodore Haak, German-born scholar (b. 1605)
    • Abraham Wright, English theological writer and deacon (b. 1611)
  • May 21 – John Eliot, English Puritan missionary (b. 1604)
  • May 26 – Samuel Lincoln, American colonial ancestor of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1622)
  • May 27 – Giovanni Legrenzi, Italian composer (b. 1626)
  • July 1
    • Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg (b. 1615)
    • George Walker, Irish soldier and Anglican priest (b. 1645)
  • July 21
    • Gregorio Carafa, Calabrian-born 62nd Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1615)
    • Cristobal of Saint Catherine, Spanish Catholic priest (b. 1638)
  • August 10 – Johannes Spilberg, Dutch painter (b. 1619)
  • August 20 – Alexander von Bournonville, Flemish noble and general (b. 1616)
  • September 2 – Philip William, Elector Palatine, German-born ruler (b. 1615)
  • September 5 – Gottfried Welsch, German physician (b. 1618)
  • October 3 – Robert Barclay, Scottish writer (b. c. 1648)
  • October 7 – Jacques Savary, successful French merchant (b. 1622)
  • October 9 – Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton (b. 1663)
  • October 15 – Juan de Valdés Leal, Spanish painter and etcher (b. 1622)
  • October 17 – Margaret Mary Alacoque, French mystic (b. 1647)
  • October 20 – Sir Henry Felton, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1619)
  • October 23
    • Thomas Minor, American city founder (b. 1608)
    • Antonie Waterloo, Flemish painter (b. 1609)
  • October 25 – Cornelius Hazart, Dutch Jesuit priest, polemical author (b. 1617)
  • October 30 – Hieronymus van Beverningh, Dutch diplomat and politician (b. 1614)
  • November 3 – Nicholas Delves, English politician (b. 1618)
  • November 17 – Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier, French soldier (b. 1610)
  • December 16 – Louise Elisabeth of Courland, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (b. 1646)

1691

Aelbert Cuyp
Robert Boyle
  • January 13 – George Fox, English founder of the Society of Friends (b. 1624)
  • January 17 – Richard Lower, English physician (b. 1631)
  • January 22 – Edward Master, English politician (b. 1610)
  • January 23 – William Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen (1679–1691) (b. 1649)
  • February 1 – Pope Alexander VIII (b. 1610)
  • February 8 – Carlo Rainaldi, Italian architect (b. 1611)
  • February 19 – Sir Thomas Lee, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1635)
  • March 5 – Jean-Jacques Renouard de Villayer, French postal pioneer (b. 1607)
  • March 17 – Thomas Wynne, English personal physician of William Penn (b. 1627)
  • March 29 – Nicolas Talon, French Jesuit (b. 1605)
  • April 3 – Jean Petitot, Swiss enamel painter (b. 1607)
  • April 23 – Jean-Henri d'Anglebert, French harpsichordist and composer (b. 1629)
  • May 11 – Colonel John Birch, English soldier (b. 1615)
  • May 16 – Jacob Leisler, German-born American colonist (b. 1640)
  • May 23 – Adrien Auzout, French astronomer (b. 1622)
  • May 29 – Cornelis Tromp, Dutch admiral (b. 1629)
  • June 23 – Suleiman II, Sultan, Ottoman Empire (b. 1642)
  • July 2 – Marc'Antonio Pasqualini, Italian opera singer and composer (b. 1614)
  • July 12 – Marquis de St Ruth, French (killed at the Battle of Aughrim) (b. c. 1650)
  • July 16 – François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, French war minister (b. 1641)
  • July 18 – Sir John Bowyer, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1653)
  • July 26 – Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, English politician (b. 1630)
  • July 30 – Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (b. 1639)
  • August 2 – Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1675–1691) (b. 1646)
  • August 14 – Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel, Irish rebel (b. 1630)
  • August 19 – Adam Zrinski, Croatian count and military officer (b. 1662)
  • August 29 – Sir Ralph Delaval, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1622)
  • September 12 – John George III, Elector of Saxony (b. 1647)
  • September 18
  • October 9 – William Sacheverell, English statesman (b. 1638)
  • October 10 – Isaac de Benserade, French poet (b. 1613)
  • October 11 – Israel Silvestre, French topographical etcher (b. 1621)
  • October 18 – Christian I, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg, German noble (b. 1615)
  • October 21 – Alexander Seton, 1st Viscount of Kingston (b. 1620)
  • October 30 – Hermann of Baden-Baden, Imperial field marshal and president of the Hofkriegsrat (b. 1628)
  • November 14 – Tosa Mitsuoki, Japanese painter (b. 1617)
  • November 15 – Aelbert Cuyp, Dutch painter (b. 1620)
  • December – Louis de Vanens, French alchemist and poisoner (b. 1647)
  • December 3 – Katherine Jones, Viscountess Ranelagh, English scientist (b. 1615)
  • December 8 – Richard Baxter, English clergyman (b. 1615)
  • December 15 – Hendrik van Rheede, Dutch botanist (b. 1636)
  • December 31
    • Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish chemist (b. 1627)[43]
    • Dudley North, English economist, merchant and politician (b. 1641)
  • date unknown
  • probable – Elizabeth Polwheele, English playwright (b. c. 1651)

1692

Elias Ashmole
  • January 23 – John Page, American politician (b. 1628)
  • January 25 – Shubael Dummer, American Congregational church minister (b. 1636)
  • February 6 – George Durant, attorney in the Province of Carolina (b. 1632)
  • February 7 – Fernando de Valenzuela, 1st Marquis of Villasierra, Spanish noble (b. 1630)
  • February 14 – Thomas Rosewell, English minister (b. 1630)
  • March 3 – Countess Palatine Eleonora Catherine of Zweibrücken, sister of King Charles X of Sweden (b. 1626)
  • April 22 – Tomás de la Cerda, 3rd Marquis of la Laguna, Spanish nobleman (b. 1638)
  • April 23 – Edward Howard, 2nd Earl of Carlisle, English politician (b. 1646)
  • May 3 – Edward Evelyn, British politician (b. 1626)
  • May 9 – Albrecht of Saxe-Weissenfels, German prince (b. 1659)
  • May 12 – Princess Luisa Cristina of Savoy, Princess of Savoy (b. 1629)
  • May 14 – Robert Kirk, Scottish folklorist, Bible translator, Gaelic scholar (b. 1644)
  • May 18 – Elias Ashmole, English antiquarian (b. 1617)
  • May 31
    • Nicholas Dennys, English politician (b. 1616)
    • Thomas Jones, English politician and judge (b. 1614)
  • June 3 – Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons, wife of Thomas Francis (b. 1606)
  • June 7 – Pierre Bailloquet, Jesuit missionary to the Canadian Indians (b. 1612)
  • June 9 – Rebecca Rawson, Massachusetts heroine of the 1849 book Leaves from Margaret Smith's Journal (b. 1656)
  • June 21 – Christian Louis I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1658–1692) (b. 1623)
  • June 23 – Gerard Langbaine, English dramatic biographer and critic (b. 1656)
  • July 19 – Rebecca Nurse, accused Massachusetts witch (b. 1621)
  • July 23 – Gilles Ménage, French scholar (b. 1613)
  • July 31 – William Harbord, British politician (b. 1635)
  • August 1 – Sir John Carew, 3rd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1635)
  • August 3 – James Douglas, Earl of Angus, Scottish nobleman and soldier (b. 1671)
  • August 4 – Jean-Michel-d'Astorg Aubarède, Vicar Capitular of Pamiers (b. 1639)
  • August 14 – Nicolas Chorier, French historian, lawyer and writer (b. 1612)
  • August 19 – John Proctor, accused Massachusetts wizard (b. 1632)
  • September 3 – David Ancillon, French Huguenot pastor and author (b. 1617)
  • September 19 – Giles Corey, Massachusetts farmer and accused wizard (b. c. 1612)
  • September 21 – Ermes di Colorêt, Italian poet, political figure (b. 1622)
  • September 22 – Mary Eastey, accused American witch (b. 1634)
  • October 12 – Giovanni Battista Vitali, Italian composer (b. 1632)
  • October 23 – Alexander von Spaen, German general (b. 1619)
  • November 6 – Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux, French writer (b. 1619)
  • November 19
    • Thomas Shadwell, English poet and playwright (b. c. 1642)
    • Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck, Dutch general and German field marshal (b. 1620)
  • November 21 – Henry Powle, English politician (b. 1630)
  • December 3 – Henry Mildmay, English politician (b. 1619)
  • December 9 – William Mountfort, English actor and dramatist (b. c. 1664)
  • December 18 – Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff, German statesman (b. 1626)

1693

Mehmed IV
  • January 6 – Mehmed IV, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1642)
  • January 7 – Federico Visconti, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (b. 1617)
  • January 8 – Marguerite de la Sablière, French salonist and polymath (b. 1640)
  • January 31 – Ahasuerus Fromanteel, English clockmaker (b. 1607)
  • February 7 – Paul Pellisson, French writer (b. 1624)
  • February 9 – William Turner, British politician (b. 1615)
  • February 11 – John de Brito, Portuguese Jesuit missionary and martyr (b. 1647)
  • February 13
  • February 22 – Henrik Horn, Swedish military leader and noble (b. 1618)
  • March 21 – Walter Chetwynd, English antiquary, politician (b. 1633)
  • April 4 – Isaac Aboab da Fonseca, Portuguese Sephardic rabbi (b. 1605)
  • April 5
  • April 9 – Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy, French writer (b. 1618)
  • April 17 – Rutger von Ascheberg, Courland-born soldier in Swedish service (b. 1621)
  • April 20 – Claudio Coello, Spanish Baroque painter (b. 1642)
  • April 30 – George Louis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach (1672–1693) (b. 1643)
  • May 2 – Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels and later of Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg (b. 1623)
  • May 3 – Claude de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French courtier (b. 1607)
  • May 13 – Thomas Jervoise, English politician (b. 1616)
  • May 8 – Jan Verkolje, Dutch painter (b. 1650)
  • May 25 – Madame de La Fayette, French writer (b. 1634)
  • June 2 – John Wildman, English soldier and politician (b. c. 1621)
  • June 3 – Camille de Neufville de Villeroy, Archbishop of Lyon (b. 1606)
  • June 20 – Juliana of Hesse-Eschwege, German noblewoman (b. 1652)
  • June 23 – Sir John Wittewrong, 1st Baronet, English parliamentarian (b. 1618)
  • July 12
    • John Ashby, English admiral (b. c. 1640)
    • Johan Hadorph, Swedish director-general of the Central Board of National Antiquities (b. 1630)
  • July 26
    • Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark, Queen of Sweden (b. 1656)
    • Johann Daniel Major, German professor of theoretical medicine (b. 1634)
  • August 7 – John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1627)
  • August 27 – Edward Rawson, American settler (b. 1615)
  • September 12 – Lionel Copley, Colonial governor of Maryland (d. 1648)[44]
  • September 13 – Flavio Chigi, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1631)
  • September 19 – Johann Weikhard von Valvasor, Slovenian nobleman and polymath (b. 1641)
  • October 1 – Pedro Abarca, Spanish theologian (b. 1619)
  • October 9 – Unshō, Japanese Buddhist scriptural commentator (b. 1604)
  • October 17 – Charles Schomberg, 2nd Duke of Schomberg, English general (b. 1645)
  • November 9 – Samuel Hales, Connecticut settler and politician (b. 1615)
  • November 16 – Francis Marsh, Irish bishop (b. 1626)
  • November 23 – Job Adriaenszoon Berckheyde, Dutch painter (b. 1630)
  • November 24 – William Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1617)
  • November 30 – Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1612)
  • December 12 – Countess Palatine Anna Magdalena of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler, Countess of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1640)
  • December 14 – Giuseppe Felice Tosi, Italian composer (b. 1619)
  • December 16 – Jacques Rousseau, French painter (b. 1630)
  • December 22 – Elisabeth Hevelius, Danzig astronomer (b. 1647)
  • December 29 – Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland, England (b. 1645)
  • date unknown – Lars Nilsson, Sami shaman in Sweden

1694

Mary II of England
  • January 2 – Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington, English politician (b. 1651)
  • January 7 – Charles Gerard, 1st Earl of Macclesfield, English aristocrat and soldier (b. c.1618)
  • January 10 – Andrew Balfour, Scottish doctor (b. 1630)
  • January 16 – Francesco Morosini, Doge of Venice from 1688 to 1694 (b. 1619)
  • January 19 – François Marie, Prince of Lillebonne, French nobleman and member of the House of Lorraine (b. 1624)
  • February 1 – John Louis of Elderen, Bishop of Liege (b. 1620)
  • February 4 – Natalya Naryshkina, Tsaritsa of Russia (b. 1651)
  • February 17 – Antoinette du Ligier de la Garde Deshoulières, French writer (b. 1638)
  • February 26 – Charles Scarborough, English physician, mathematician (b. 1615)
  • March 5 – Vittoria della Rovere, Italian noble (b. 1622)
  • March 12 – John Conant, English theologian, clergyman, and academic administrator (b. 1608)
  • April 8 – Nicolás de Villacis, Spanish painter (b. 1616)
  • April 12 – John Swinfen, English politician (b. 1613)
  • April 16 – Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé, French noblewoman (b. 1628)
  • April 27 – John George IV, Elector of Saxony (b. 1668)
  • May 24 – Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount of Falkland, English politician (b. 1656)
  • June 2 – Gaspar Téllez-Girón, 5th Duke de Osuna, Spanish duke (b. 1625)
  • June 17 – Philip Howard, English Catholic Cardinal (b. 1629)
  • July 12 – Juan de Santiago y León Garabito, Spanish Catholic prelate, Bishop of Guadalajara and Bishop of Puerto Rico (b. 1641)
  • August 8 – Antoine Arnauld, French philosopher and mathematician (b. 1612)
  • August 22
    • Maria Sofia De la Gardie, Swedish countess and industrialist (b. 1627)
    • Bernard of Offida, Italian saint (b. 1604)
  • September 10 – Thomas Lloyd, Quaker preacher of provincial Pennsylvania (b. 1640)
  • October 15 – Samuel von Pufendorf, German jurist (b. 1632)
  • November 22 – John Tillotson, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1630)
  • November 25 – Ismaël Bullialdus, French astronomer (b. 1605)
  • November 28 – Matsuo Bashō, Japanese poet (b. 1644)
  • November 29 – Marcello Malpighi, Italian physician (b. 1628)
  • December 2 – Pierre Puget, French artist (b. 1622)
  • December 5 – William Beecher, English politician (b. 1628)
  • December 7 – Tiberio Fiorilli, Italian-born actor (b. 1608)
  • December 9 – Paolo Segneri, Italian Jesuit (b. 1624)
  • December 11 – Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma from 1646 until his death (b. 1630)
  • December 20 – Erasmus Finx, German polymath (b. 1627)
  • December 28 – Queen Mary II of England, Scotland and Ireland (b. 1662)[45]
  • date unknown – Hafız Post, Turkish musician

1695

Christiaan Huygens
Mustafa II
  • January 4 – François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg, Marshal of France (b. 1628)
  • January 16 – Hans Adam Weissenkircher, Austrian painter (b. 1646)
  • January 29 – Paul Hermann, German botanist (b. 1646)
  • February 6 – Ahmed II of Turkey (b. 1643)
  • February 14 – Georg von Derfflinger, field marshal in the army of Brandenburg-Prussia (b. 1606)
  • February 18 – Sir William Phips, governor of Massachusetts (b. 1650)
  • March 5 – Henry Wharton, English writer (b. 1664)
  • April 3 – Melchior d'Hondecoeter, Dutch painter (b. c. 1636)
  • April 5 – George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, English writer and statesman (b. 1633)
  • April 6 – Richard Busby, English clergyman (b. 1606)
  • April 13 – Jean de La Fontaine, French writer (b. 1621)
  • April 17 – Juana Inés de la Cruz, Mexican nun, writer and poet (b. 1651)
  • April 27 – John Trenchard, English statesman (b. 1640)
  • April 28 – Henry Vaughan, Welsh poet (b. 1621)
  • May 9 – Lambert van Haven, Danish architect (b. 1630)
  • May 17 – Cornelis de Heem, Dutch painter (b. 1631)
  • May 30 – Pierre Mignard, French painter (b. 1612)
  • June 11 – André Félibien, French architect (b. 1619)
  • July 8 – Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician and physicist who developed the wave theory of light (b. 1629)
  • July 18 – Johannes Camphuys, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1634)
  • August 2 – Mattia de Rossi, Italian painter (b. 1637)
  • August 6
  • August 12 – Huang Zongxi, Chinese political theorist, philosopher, writer, and soldier (b. 1610)
  • August 19 – Christopher Merret, English physician and scientist (b. 1614)
  • August 20 – Giuseppe Francesco Borri, Italian alchemist (b. 1627)
  • September – Thomas Tew, English pirate
  • October 6 – Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and last Administrator of Ratzeburg (b. 1633)
  • October 16 – William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafford, member of England's House of Lords (b. 1626)
  • October 17 – Arthur Rawdon, English Member of Parliament (b. 1662)
  • October 19 – Johann Wilhelm Baier, German theologian (b. 1647)
  • October 21 – Johann Arnold Nering, German architect (b. 1659)
  • November 16 – Pierre Nicole, French Jansensist (b. 1625)
  • November 20 – Zumbi, Brazilian leader of a runaway slave colony (b. 1655)
  • November 21 – Henry Purcell, English composer (b. 1659)
  • November 22 – Francis Nurse, husband of Rebecca Nurse (accused during the Salem Witch Trials of 1692), (b. 1618)
  • November 28 – Anthony Wood, English antiquarian (b. 1632)
  • November 29 – James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair, Scottish lawyer and statesman (b. 1619)
  • December 8 – Barthélemy d'Herbelot de Molainville, French orientalist (b. 1625)
  • December 12 – Jacob Abendana, British rabbi (b. 1630)
  • December 15 – Richard Hampden, English politician (b. 1631)
  • December 24 – Louis Thomassin, French bishop and theologian (b. 1619)

1696

John III Sobieski
  • January 11 – Charles Albanel, French missionary explorer in Canada (b. 1616)
  • February – Ahom King Supaatphaa or Gadadhar Singha
  • February 4 – Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton, English soldier (b. 1613)
  • February 8 – Tsar Ivan V of Russia (b. 1666)
  • February 19 – Giovanni Pietro Bellori, Italian art historian (b. 1613)
  • March 14 – Jean Domat, French jurist (b. 1625)
  • March 16 – Louis Laneau, French bishop active in the kingdom of Siam (b. 1637)
  • March 17 – Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans, French noble (b. 1646)
  • March 18 – Robert Charnock, English conspirator (b. c. 1663)
  • March 25 – Henry Casimir II, Prince of Nassau-Dietz, Stadholder of Friesland and Groningen (b. 1657)
  • April 17 – Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné, French writer (b. 1626)
  • April 27 – Simon Foucher, French polemicist (b. 1644)
  • April 30 – Robert Plot, British naturalist (b. 1640)
  • May 10 – Jean de La Bruyère, French writer (b. 1645)
  • May 16 – Mariana of Austria, queen consort of Spain (b. 1634)
  • May 26 – Countess Albertine Agnes of Nassau, Regent of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe (1664–1679) (b. 1634)
  • May 28 – William Gregory, English politician and judge (b. 1625)
  • May 30 – Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell, First Lord of the British Admiralty (b. 1638)
  • May 31 – Heinrich Schwemmer, German music teacher and composer (b. 1621)
  • June – Greta Duréel, Swedish noblewoman and bank fraud
  • June 17 – John III Sobieski, King of Poland (b. 1629)
  • June 24 – Philip Henry, English minister (b. 1631)
  • July 11 – William Godolphin, English politician (b. 1635)
  • August 2 – Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, Scottish military commander at the Massacre of Glencoe (b. 1630)
  • September 4 – Celestino Sfondrati, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1644)
  • September 9 – Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach, Electress of Saxony (b. 1662)
  • September 13 – Caleb Banks, English politician (b. 1659)
  • September 24 – Sir Ralph Verney, 1st Baronet, of Middle Claydon, English Baronet (b. 1613)
  • November 26 – Gregório de Matos, Brazilian poet and lawyer (b. 1636)
  • December 4 – Meishō, empress of Japan (b. 1624)
  • December 8 – Charles Porter, English-born judge (b. 1631)
  • December 12 – John Hampden (1653–1696), English politician (b. 1653)
  • December 13 – Georg Matthäus Vischer, Austrian cartographer (b. 1628)
  • December 29 – Miguel de Molinos, Spanish mystic (b. 1628)
  • date unknown – Daibhidh Ó Duibhgheannáin (b. 1651)

1697

Charles XI of Sweden
  • January 8 – Thomas Aikenhead, Scottish student (hanged) (b. c. 1678)
  • January 12 – Andrzej Stech, Polish painter (b. 1635)
  • January 26 – Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician (b. 1640)
  • January 28 – John Fenwick, English conspirator (b. c. 1645)
  • February 4 – Adrien de Wignacourt, French 63rd Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1618)
  • February 5 – Esaias Fleischer, Danish priest (b. 1633)
  • February 11 – Georg Händel, German musician (b. 1622)
  • February 17 – Francis Dane, American colonial priest (b. 1615)
  • March 1 – Francesco Redi, Italian physician (b. 1626)
  • March 12 – Gaspar de la Cerda, 8th Count of Galve (b. 1653)
  • March 19 – Nicolaus Bruhns, German organist and composer (b. 1665)
  • March 26 – Godfrey McCulloch, Scottish politician and murderer (executed) (b. 1640)
  • March 27 – Simon Bradstreet, English colonial magistrate (b. 1603)
  • April 4 – Andrea Carlone, Italian painter (b. 1626)
  • April 5 – King Charles XI of Sweden (b. 1655)
  • April 8 – Niels Juel, Danish admiral (b. 1629)
  • May 2 – Simon Henry, Count of Lippe-Detmold (1666–1697) (b. 1649)
  • May 8 – Sir Richard Temple, 3rd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1634)
  • May 24 – Johann Adolf I, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, German duke (b. 1649)
  • June 3 – Silvius II Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Oels (b. 1651)
  • June 7 – John Aubrey, English antiquary and writer (b. 1626)
  • June 10 – Francis Pemberton, English judge, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench (b. 1624)
  • June 12 – Ann Baynard, English natural philosopher (b. 1672)
  • June 18 – Gregorio Barbarigo, Italian Catholic saint (b. 1625)
  • June 19 – Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough, English diplomat (b. 1621)
  • June 21 – Joseph Anthelmi, French ecclesiastical historian (b. 1648)
  • July 18
  • July 30 – Lorentz Mortensen Angell, Norwegian merchant and landowner (b. 1626)
  • August 5 – Jean-Baptiste de Santeul, French writer (b. 1630)
  • November 8 – Samuel Enys, English politician (b. 1611)
  • November 22 – Libéral Bruant, French architect (b. c. 1635)
  • December 17 – Eleanor of Austria, Queen of Poland (b. 1653)
  • December 20 – Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental (b. 1652)
  • December 31 – Lucas Faydherbe, Belgian sculptor and architect (b. 1617)
  • date unknown – Karin Thomasdotter, Finnish official (b. 1610)

1698

Louis de Buade de Frontenac
  • January 15 – Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Burlington, Anglo-Irish nobleman, Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, Cavalier (b. 1612)
  • January 10 – Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont, French historian (b. 1637)
  • January 22 – Frederick Casimir Kettler, Duke of Courland and Semigallia (b. 1650)
  • January 23 – Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1629)
  • February 16 – Sir James Rushout, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1644)
  • March 6 – Philip Sidney, 3rd Earl of Leicester, English politician (b. 1619)
  • March 14 – Claes Rålamb, Swedish statesman (b. 1622)
  • March 16 – Leonora Christina Ulfeldt, Danish countess (b. 1621)
  • April 11 – Charles Morton, Cornish nonconformist minister (b. 1627)
  • April 29 – Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis, First Lord of the British Admiralty (b. 1655)
  • May 15 – Marie Champmeslé, French actress (b. 1642)
  • June 5 – Elizabeth Maitland, Duchess of Lauderdale, influential British noblewoman (b. 1626)
  • June 11 – Balthasar Bekker, Dutch minister and author of philosophical and theological works (b. 1634)
  • June 29 – Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1623)
  • June 30 – Charles Cheyne, 1st Viscount Newhaven, English Member of Parliament (b. 1625)
  • July 13 – Charles Somerset, Marquess of Worcester, English politician (b. 1660)
  • July 18 – Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian (b. 1633)
  • August 14 – Francisco de Aguiar y Seijas, Spanish cleric and bishop (b. 1632)
  • August 25 – Fleetwood Sheppard, English poet (b. 1634)
  • August 31 – Miguel Jerónimo de Molina, Spanish prelate and bishop (b. 1638)
  • September 13 (bur.) – John Huddleston, English Benedictine priest (b. 1608)
  • October 11 – William Molyneux, Irish philosopher and writer (b. 1656)
  • October 23 – David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl, German artist (b. 1628)
  • November 4 – Rasmus Bartholin, Danish physician and scientist (b. 1625)
  • November 13 – Johann, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (b. 1662)
  • November 23 – César-Pierre Richelet, French grammarian and lexicographer (b. 1626)
  • November 28 – Louis de Buade de Frontenac, Governor of New France (b. 1622)
  • December 1 – Ferdinand Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein, German prince (b. 1636)
  • December 16 – Simone Pignoni, Italian painter (b. 1611)
  • December 26 – Wolfgang Julius, Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, German field marshal (b. 1622)
  • date unknown
    • Nicholas Barbon, English economist (b. c. 1640)
    • Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont, Flemish alchemist (b. 1614)
  • in fiction – Mircalla Karnstein, Countess of Karnstein (b. 1680)

1699

Jean Racine
  • January 3 – Mattia Preti, Italian painter (b. 1613)
  • January 14 – Federico Caccia, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (b. 1635)
  • January 21 – Obadiah Walker, English writer (b. 1616)
  • January 23 – Kinoshita Jun'an, Japanese philosopher and Confucian scholar (b. 1621)
  • January 27 – Sir William Temple, 1st Baronet, English statesman and essayist (b. 1628)
  • February 1
  • February 20 – Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer, French painter (b. 1636)
  • March 12 – Peder Griffenfeld, Danish statesman (b. 1635)
  • April 13 – Hans Rosing, Norwegian bishop (b. 1625)
  • March 17 – Serafina of God, founder of seven Carmelite monasteries of nuns in southern Italy (b. 1621)
  • March 20 – Erhard Weigel, German mathematician, astronomer and philosopher (b. 1625)
  • March 27 – Edward Stillingfleet, British theologian and scholar (b. 1635)
  • April 21 – Jean Racine, French classic dramatist (b. 1639)
  • April 22 – Hans Erasmus Aßmann, Freiherr von Abschatz, German statesman and poet (b. 1646)
  • May 12 – Lucas Achtschellinck, Flemish painter (b. 1626)
  • May 15 – Sir Edward Petre, 3rd Baronet, English Jesuit, privy councillor (b. 1631)
  • May 16 – Christine Charlotte of Württemberg, Regent of East Frisia (b. 1645)
  • May 22 – James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon, English nobleman (b. 1653)
  • May 25 – Bussy Mansell, Welsh Member of the English Parliament (b. 1623)
  • June 1 – George II, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard (1662–1699) (b. 1626)
  • June 16 – Constantin Marselis, Danish baron (b. 1647)
  • June 22
    • Josiah Child, English Governor of the East India Company (b. 1630)
    • Fernando de Meneses, 2nd Count of Ericeira, Portuguese noble (b. 1614)
  • July 1
    • Lodewijck Huygens, Dutch diplomat (b. 1631)
    • Tokugawa Tsunanari, Japanese daimyō (b. 1652)
  • July 2 – Hortense Mancini, favourite Italian niece of Cardinal Mazarin (b. 1646)
  • July 10 – Pier Martire Armani, Italian painter (b. 1613)
  • August 4 – Maria Sophia of Neuburg, Queen consort of Portugal (b. 1666)
  • August 6 – Albert V, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (b. 1648)
  • August 13 – Marco d'Aviano, Italian Capuchin friar (b. 1631)
  • August 19 – José Saenz d'Aguirre, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1630)
  • August 24 – Lucrezia Barberini, Duchess of Modena (b. 1628)
  • August 25 – Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway (b. 1646)
  • September 8 – Gottfried Wilhelm Sacer, German jurist (b. 1635)
  • September 17 – Augustus, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön-Norburg (b. 1635)
  • September 26 – Simon Arnauld de Pomponne, French diplomat and minister (b. 1618)
  • October 4 – George Evelyn, English politician (b. 1617)
  • October 8 – Mary Beale, British artist (b. 1633)
  • November 2 – Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 2nd Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician (b. 1652)
  • November 23 – Joseph Beaumont, British academic and poet (b. 1616)
  • November 29 – Patrick Gordon, Scottish general (b. 1635)
  • December 7 – Sigmund von Erlach, Swiss politician (b. 1614)
  • December 17 – John Francis Desideratus, Prince of Nassau-Siegen (1652–1699) (b. 1627)
  • Henry Every, English pirate (b. 1659)

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