2008 in paleontology

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Important finds in 2008

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2008.

Protozoa[]

New taxa[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Paleoleishmania neotropicum^[2]	sp nov	Valid	Poinar	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	second record, and youngest, of the extinct genus Paleoleishmania	Paleoleishmania neotropicum

Plants[]

Angiosperms[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Dillhoffia^[3]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	&	Ypresian	Unnamed Formation, Kamloops Group	Canada		Dillhoffia cachensis
^[4]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Mohr, Bernardes-de-Oliveira & Taylor	Early Cretaceous	Crato Formation	Brazil

Monocots[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Montrichardia aquatica^[5]	sp nov	Valid	Herrera et al	Middle to late Paleocene	Cerrejón Formation	Colombia	only fossil record of the genus Montrichardia
Petrocardium^[5]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Herrera et al	Middle to late Paleocene	Cerrejón Formation	Colombia	Two named species Petrocardium cerrejonense and Petrocardium wayuuorum

Arthropoda[]

Arachnids[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
^[6]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Poinar	Cenomanian	Burmese amber	Myanmar	A stylocellid harvestman. Type species P. burmanicum

Insects[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
^[7]	Gen et sp et comb nov	Valid	Dlussky	Middle Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe	Fossil formicine ant, two species C. constrictus (Mayr, 1868) & C. intermedius Dlussky, 2008
Dolichoderus punctatus^[8]	Sp nov	Valid	Dlussky	Middle Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe	Fossil dolichoderine ant	Dolichoderus punctatus
Electropodagrion^[9]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Azar & Nel	Middle Eocene	Baltic Amber	Europe	A Megapodagrionidae damselfly
^[10]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Perrichot & Nel	Eocene		France	A bethylid wasp
Formosibittacus^[11]	gen et sp nov	Valid	, &	Middle Jurassic	Jiulongshan Formation	China	A bittacid
Haidomyrmodes^[12]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Perrichot et al	Middle Cretaceous		France	A Sphecomyrminae ant, type species H. mammuthus	Haidomyrmodes mammuthus
Jurahylobittacus^[11]	gen et sp nov	Valid	, &	Middle Jurassic	Jiulongshan Formation	China	A bittacid
Lutzomyia adiketis^[2]	sp nov	Valid	Poinar	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	Vector for the extinct Trypanosomatidae species Paleoleishmania neotropicum	Lutzomyia adiketis
Proraphidia gomezi^[13]	sp nov	Valid	Jarzembowski	Lower Cretaceous	Lower Weald Clay	England
Proraphidia hopkinsi^[13]	sp nov	Valid	Jarzembowski	Barremian		Spain
^[14]	Sp nov	valid	Johnson, Musetti & Masner	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)		Lebanon	A member of Platygastroidea.
^[10]	Sp nov	Valid	Perrichot & Nel	Eocene		France	A bethylid wasp
Sinomeganeura^[15]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Ren, Nel, & Prokop	Namurian		China	Third Namurian age Meganeuridae griffenfly described.
^[14]	Nom nov	valid	Zhang in Johnson, Musetti & Masner	Miocene		China	A member of Platygastroidea; replacement name for Protelenomus Zhang (1989).
Sphecomyrmodes occidentalis^[12]	Sp nov	jr syn	Perrichot et al	Middle Cretaceous	Charentese amber	France	A stem group ant jr synonym of Gerontoformica occidentalis	Gerontoformica occidentalis
Syndesus ambericus^[16]	Sp nov	Valid	Woodruff	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A stag beetle
Termitaradus avitinquilinus^[17]	Sp nov	Valid	Grimaldi & Engel	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A termite bug

Xiphosurans[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Lunataspis	gen et sp nov	Valid taxon	, , &	Late Ordovician	Churchill River Group?	Canada

Fishes[]

Bony fish[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
^[18]		Valid	Lu & Zhu	Devonian (Pragian)		China	A basal member of Dipnomorpha. The type species is A. porosus.
^[19]		Valid	Long, Choo, & Young	Devonian (Givetian)		Antarctica	A basal member of Actinopterygii. Genus includes new species D. schaefferi.
^[20]		Valid	Takeuchi & Huddleston	Late Miocene	Puente Formation	United States	A relative of the white croaker.
Hiodon woodruffi^[21]	Comb nov	valid	(Wilson)	Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	United States Washington	A mooneye, Moved from Wilson 1978	Hiodon woodruffi
Tarachomylax multicostatus^[22]		Valid	Qiao & Zhu	Devonian (Emsian)		China	A lungfish.

Placoderms[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Materpiscis^[23]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Long, Trinajstic, Young, & Senden	Late Devonian	Gogo Formation	Australia	discovered with fossilized embryo.	Materpiscis embryo features

General research[]

Hilton & Grande redescribe the fossil mooneyes of western North America synonymizing the genus Eohiodon with Hiodon.^[21]
Cicimurri, Paris, & Everhart describe a partial dentition from a Holocephali chimaeroid fish found in the Niobrara Chalk.^[24]

Amphibians[]

Jenkins, F. A., jr, Shubin, N. H., Gatesy, S. M., and Warren, A., 2008, Gerrothorax pulcherrimus from the Upper Triassic Fleming Fjord Formation of East Greenland and a reassessment of head lifting in temnospondyl feeding: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 28, n. 4, p. 935-950.

Newly named amphibians[]

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Beelzebufo^[25]	Valid taxon	Evans Jones Krause	Late Cretaceous (70 mya)	Maevarano Formation	Madagascar		An artist's depiction of Beelzebufo
Gerobatrachus^[26]	Valid taxon	Anderson Reisz Scott Fröbisch Sumida	Early Permian (290 mya)		USA ( Texas)
^[27]	Valid taxon	Rage Dutheil	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Kem Kem Beds	Morocco	A pipid anuran.

Archosaurs[]

Newly named pseudosuchians[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Acynodon adriaticus^[28]	Sp. nov	Valid	Delfino, Martin & Buffetaut	Late Cretaceous		Italy
Dakosaurus carpenteri^[29]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wilkinson, Young & Benton	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)	Kimmeridge Clay Formation	United Kingdom	A metriorhynchid crocodyliform. Originally described as a species of Dakosaurus, subsequently transferred to the separate genus Torvoneustes.^[30]
Gryposuchus croizati^[31]	Sp. nov	Valid	Riff & Aguilera	Late Miocene	Urumaco Formation	Venezuela
Guarinisuchus^[32]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Barbosa, Kellner & Viana	Early Paleocene (Danian)	Maria Farinha Formation	Brazil	A dyrosaurid crocodyliform. Genus includes new species G. munizi.
Ocepesuchus^[33]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Jouve et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Ouled Abdoun Basin	Morocco	A member of Gavialoidea. Genus includes new species O. eoafricanus.
Postosuchus alisonae^[34]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peyer et al.	Late Triassic	Newark Supergroup	United States ( North Carolina)
Sierritasuchus^[35]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Parker, Stocker & Irmis	Late Triassic	Tecovas Formation	United States ( Texas)	An aetosaur Genus includes new species S. macalpini.
Sphagesaurus montealtensis^[36]	Sp. nov	Valid	Andrade & Bertini	Late Cretaceous	Adamantina Formation	Brazil	A sphagesaurid crocodyliform. Originally described as a species of Sphagesaurus, but subsequently transferred to the genus Caipirasuchus.^[37]
Wargosuchus^[38]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Martinelli & Pais	Late Cretaceous		Argentina	A baurusuchid crocodyliform. Genus includes new species W. australis.

Newly named pterosaurs[]

Name	Status	Location	Authors	Notes
Elanodactylus	Valid	China	Andres Ji, Q.
Hongshanopterus	Valid	China	Xiaolin Wang de Almeida et al.
Mythunga	Valid	Australia	Molnar Thulborn, R.A.
Nemicolopterus	Valid	China	Wang Kellner et al.
Raeticodactylus	Junior synonym	Switzerland	Stecher	Jr. synonym of Caviramus
Shenzhoupterus	Valid	China	Lü J. Unwin et al.
Volgadraco	Valid	Russia	Averianov Arkhangelsky Pervushov

Dinosaurs[]

Oviraptorosaurian eggs with embryonic skeletons are discovered for the first time in China.^[39]
Mongolian Late Jurassic theropod fossils are found for the first time.^[40]
A new study on morphological variation in shed theropod teeth from the Mil River Formation is published.^[41]

Newly named dinosaurs[]

28 new dinosaur genera were erected in 2008. Data courtesy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list.^[42]

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Austroraptor^[43]	Valid	Novas Pol et al.^{[CAL 1]}	Campanian–Maastrichtian	Allen Formation	Argentina	The largest dromaeosaurid yet discovered in the Southern Hemisphere.	Austroraptor
Dakotadon^[44]	Valid	Paul	Barremian	Lakota Formation	USA ( South Dakota)	A new genus for "Iguanodon" lakotaensis (Weishampel and Bjork, 1989).
Daxiatitan^[45]	Valid	You Li et al.^{[CAL 2]}	Lower Cretaceous		China	A basal titanosaur.	Daxiatitan
Diceratus^[46]	Junior synonym	Mateus	Late Cretaceous			Objective junior synonym of Nedoceratops; possible junior synonym of Triceratops.
Dollodon^[44]	Valid	Paul	Barremian	Bernissart	Belgium	An iguanodontian.	Dollodon
Dongyangosaurus^[47]	Valid	Lü Azuma et al.^{[CAL 3]}	early Late Cretaceous		China	A titanosauriform.
Duriavenator^[48]	Valid	Benson	Bajocian	Dorset	United Kingdom	A megalosaurid.	Duriavenator
Eocarcharia^[49]	Valid	Sereno Brusatte	Aptian/Albian	Elrhaz Formation	Niger	A carcharodontosaurid.	Eocarcharia
Eomamenchisaurus^[50]	Valid	Lü Li et al.^{[CAL 4]}	Middle Jurassic		China	A mamenchisaurid.
Epidexipteryx^[51]	Valid	Zhang Zhou et al.^{[CAL 5]}	Late Jurassic	Daohugou Beds	China	An avialian.	Epidexipteryx
Gobiceratops^[52]	Valid	Alifanov	Late Cretaceous	Baruungoyot Formation	Mongolia	Possible junior synonym of Bagaceratops.
Kryptops^[49]	Valid	Sereno Brusatte	Aptian/Albian	Elrhaz Formation	Niger	An abelisaurid.	Kryptops
Loricatosaurus^[53]	Valid	Maidment Norman et al.^{[CAL 6]}	Callovian		England France	A stegosaurid.
Microceratus^[46]	Nomen dubium	Mateus	Campanian		China
Orkoraptor^[54]	Valid	Novas Ezcurra Lecuona	Maastrichtian	Pari Aike Formation	Argentina	A neovenatorid.	Orkoraptor
Peloroplites^[55]	Valid	Carpenter Bartlett et al.^{[CAL 7]}	Lower Cretaceous	Cedar Mountain Formation	USA	A nodosaurid ankylosaur.
Pitekunsaurus^[56]	Valid	Filippi Garrido	Campanian	Anacleto Formation	Argentina	A titanosaur.
Qingxiusaurus^[57]	Valid	Mo Huang et al.^{[CAL 8]}	Late Cretaceous		China	A titanosaur.
Sahaliyania^[58]	Valid	Godefroit Hai et al.^{[CAL 9]}	Maastrichtian	Yuliangze Formation	China	A lambeosaurine hadrosaurid.
Similicaudipteryx^[59]	Valid	He Wang Zhou	Aptian	Jiufotang Formation	China	A caudipterid oviraptorosaur.	Similicaudipteryx
Tastavinsaurus^[60]	Valid	Canudo Royo-Torres Cuenca-Bescós	Aptian	Xert Formation	Spain	A titanosauriform. Lurasiformes.	Tastavinsaurus
Uberabatitan^[61]	Valid	Salgado Carvalho	Upper Cretaceous	Marília Formation	Brazil	A titanosaur.	Tethyshadros
Wulagasaurus^[58]	Valid	Godefroit Hai et al.^{[CAL 9]}	Maastrichtian	Yuliangze Formation	China	A saurolophine hadrosaurid.

Newly named birds[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
^[62]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Early/Middle Pleistocene	Sicily	Italy: Sicily	A Strigidae.
Bermuteo avivorus^[63]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Storrs L. Olson	Late Pleistocene		Bermuda	An Accipitridae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Bountyphaps obsoleta^[64]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Trevor H. Worthy	Subrecent	Henderson Island	Pitcairn	A Columbidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[65]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Storrs L. Olson	Middle Pleistocene		Bermuda	A Procellariidae.
Caracara tellustris^[66]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Storrs L. Olson	Holocene		Jamaica	A Falconidae.
Cathayornis chabuensis^[67]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Zhou Zhonghe	Early Cretaceous		China	A Cathayornithidae Zhou, Jin et Zhang, 2006, Enantiornithes Walker, 1981.
^[68]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Albrecht Manegold	Early Miocene	MN 3	Germany: Bavaria	A Certhioidea, this is the type species of the new genus.
Didactylornis jii^[69]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid		Lower Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	Basal pygostylia, Sapeornithidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Enantiophoenix electrophyla^[70]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Andrea Cau	Upper Cretaceous		Lebanon	An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Avisauridae Brett-Surman et Paul, 1985, this is the type species of the new genus.
Eoconfuciusornis zhengi^[71]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Zhonghe Zhou Michael Benton	Lower Cretaceous	Dabeigou Formation	China	A Primitive Confuciusornithidae Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[72]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Yohannes Haile-Selassie Michel Brunet	Late Miocene	ca 7 Ma	Chad	A Ciconiidae.
^[73]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Early Oligocene	Late Rupelian	Poland	A new European species of the Trochilidae.
Foudia delloni^[74]^{[page needed]}	Sp. nov.	Valid	Julian P. Hume	Subrecent	Not seen since 1672	Réunion	The original Foudia from Réunion.
^[75]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Takayuki Katoh	Late Oligocene		Japan	A Plotopteridae Howard, 1969, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[76]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Rodolfo Sánchez	Early Pliocene	, Middle El Jebe Member	Venezuela	A Ciconiidae.
Leptoptilos patagonicus^[77]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Miocene		Argentina	A Ciconiidae.
Manuherikia douglasi^[78]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Trevor H. Worthy Suzanne J. Hand	Early-Middle Miocene		New Zealand	An Anatidae, Anserinae.
Megadyptes waitaha^[79]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Trevor H. Worthy Alan Cooper	Late Holocene	Subrecent	New Zealand	A Spheniscidae, when it became extinct it made room for Megadyptes antipodes.
Mopsitta tanta^[80]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gareth J. Dyke	Early Eocene, Ypresian	Fur Formation	Denmark	Described in the Psittaciformes, Gerald Mayr, 2009 sees no reasons to place the species in Psittaciformes.
Palaeortyx volans^[81]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Neogene	Gargano	Italy	A Phasianidae.
Pelagornis mauretanicus^[82]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Pliocene	Ahl al Oughlam	Morocco	A Pelagornithidae Fürbringer, 1888.
Pengornis houi^[83]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Zhou Zhonghe Julia A. Clarke	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, this is the type species of the new genus and the type genus of the new family Pengornithidae Wang, O’Connor, Zheng, Wang, Hu et Zhou, 2014.
^[84]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid		Early Eocene	Early Ypresian	Morocco	A Phaethontidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Pleistovultur nevesi^[85]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene		Brazil	A Cathartidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[86]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	David W. Steadman	Early Miocene		USA: Florida	A Cuculidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[87]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Trevor H. Worthy	Pliocene		Australia South Australia	An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Zhongornis haoae^[88]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Luis M. Chiappe Jingmai O'Connor	Lower Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	Basal Aves, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[89]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Early Oligocene	MP 23-24	France	A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, ?Piciformes.

Other publications[]

Hutchinson, J.R., Miller, C., Fritsch, G., and Hildebrandt, T. 2008. The anatomical foundation for multidisciplinary studies of animal limb function: examples from dinosaur and elephant limb imaging studies; pp. 23–38 in Endo, H. and Frey, R. (eds.), Anatomical Imaging: Towards a New Morphology. Springer Verlag, Tokyo.
Witmer, L.M., Ridgely, R.C., Dufeau, D.L., and Semones, M.C. 2008. Using CR to peer into the past: 3D visualization of the brain and ear regions of birds, crocodiles, and nonavian dinosaurs; pp. 67–88 in Endo, H. and Frey, R. (eds.), Anatomical Imaging: Towards a New Morphology. Springer Verlag, Tokyo.

Turtles[]

Newly named turtles[]

Currently valid turtle genera named in 2008
Name	Status	Location	Authors	Images
Condorchelys^[90]	Valid taxon	Argentina	Sterli
^[91]	Valid taxon	Mongolia	Sukhanov, Danilov & Syromyatnikova
Odontochelys^[92]	Valid taxon	China	Li et al.	Odontochelys

Squamates[]

new taxa[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
^[93]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Rage	Middle Paleocene		Brazil	A "booid"-grade snake of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Itaboraiophis depressus.
Kuwajimalla^[94]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Evans & Manabe	Early Cretaceous (Valanginian to Hauterivian)	Kuwajima Formation	Japan	A polyglyphanodontian lizard. The type species is Kuwajimalla kagaensis.
Merkurosaurus^[95]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Klembara	Early Miocene		Czech Republic	A member of Anguimorpha, might be related to the Chinese crocodile lizard. The type species is Merkurosaurus ornatus.
Ovoo^[96]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Norell, Gao, & Conrad	Late Cretaceous	near Ukhaa Tolgod	Mongolia	one of the oldest monitor lizards
^[93]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Rage	Middle Paleocene		Brazil	A snake related to members of the genus Ungaliophis. The type species is Paraungaliophis pricei.
^[93]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Rage	Middle Paleocene		Brazil	A booid-grade snake of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Paulacoutophis perplexus.
Prognathodon kianda^[97]	sp nov	Valid	Schulp et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)		Angola	A mosasaur.
Selmasaurus johnsoni^[98]	sp nov	Valid	Polcyn & Everhart	Late Cretaceous (early Santonian)	Niobrara Chalk	United States	A mosasaur.
Taniwhasaurus mikasaensis^[99]	sp nov	Valid	Caldwell, Konishi, Obata, & Muramoto	upper Santonian-lower Campanian		Japan	Third identified species for the genus Taniwhasaurus
^[100]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Lü et al.	Late Cretaceous	Qiupa Formation	China	A polyglyphanodontian lizard. The type species is Tianyusaurus zhengi.
^[101]	Sp nov	Valid	Prasad & Bajpai	Early Eocene	Cambay Shale	India	An agamid lizard, a species of Tinosaurus.
Vallecillosaurus^[102]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Smith & Buchy	Late Cretaceous (early Turonian)	Agua Nueva Formation	Mexico	A member of Mosasauroidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Vallecillosaurus donrobertoi.
^[101]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Prasad & Bajpai	Early Eocene	Cambay Shale	India	An agamid lizard. The type species is Vastanagama susani.

New papers[]

Everhart, M.J. (2008). "A bitten skull of Tylosaurus kansasensis (Squamata: Mosasauridae) and a review of mosasaur-on-mosasaur pathology in the fossil record". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 111 (3/4): 251–262. doi:10.1660/0022-8443-111.3.251. S2CID 85647383.
Everhart, M.J. 2008. The mosasaurs of George F. Sternberg, paleontologist and fossil photographer. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 37–46.
Polcyn, M.J. and Everhart, M.J. 2008. Description and phylogenetic analysis of a new species of Selmasaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 13–28.
Polcyn, M.J., Bell, G.L., Jr., Shimada, K. and Everhart, M.J. 2008. The oldest North American mosasaurs (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas and Texas with comments on the radiation of major mosasaur clades. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 137–155.
Everhart, M.J. 2008. Rare occurrence of a Globidens sp. (Reptilia; Mosasauridae) dentary in the Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale (Middle Campanian) of Western Kansas. p. 23-29 in Farley G. H. and Choate, J.R. (eds.), Unlocking the Unknown; Papers Honoring Dr. Richard Zakrzewski, Fort Hays Studies, Special Issue No. 2, 153 p., Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS.

Sauropterygians[]

New taxa[]

Name	Status	Authors	Notes
Glyphoderma^[103]	Valid	Zhao et al.
Nichollsia	renamed	Druckenmiller Russell	Nichollsia preoccupied by a genus of isopod, renamed in 2009 to Nichollssaura
Occitanosaurus	Synonym	Bardet Fernandez Garcia-Ramos Superbiola Pinuela Ruiz-Omenaca Vincent	Junior Synonym of Microcleidus.
Wumengosaurus^[104]	Valid	Jiang et al.

Synapsids[]

Non-mammalian[]

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Alrausuchus^[105]	Valid	Ivakhnenko	Middle Permian		Russia	A new genus for "Biarmosuchus" tagax
Megawhaitsia^[106]	Valid	Ivakhnenko	Upper Permian		Russia

Mammal[]

Newly named mammals
Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
^[107]	Valid	Barnes	Late Pliocene	Pismo Formation	United States ( California)	A member of Delphinoidea belonging to the family Albireonidae, a species of Albireo.
^[108]	Valid	Badiola Canudo Cuenca‐Bescós	Early Cretaceous (late Hauterivian‐early Barremian)		Spain	A multituberculate belonging to the family Pinheirodontidae. The type species is C. abadi.
Crenatocetus^[109]	Valid	McLeod Barnes	Eocene		United States ( North Carolina)	A member of Protocetidae. The type species is Crenatocetus rayi.
^[110]	Valid	Wang Tedford	Hemingfordian		United States ( California and Texas)	A member of Canidae belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae, a species of Cynarctoides.
Diceratherium radtkei^[111]	Valid	Prothero Rasmussen	Arikareean	Cabbage Patch beds Harrison Formation Sharps Formation	United States ( South Dakota, Montana and Nebraska)
^[112]	Valid	Peigné et al.	Late Miocene		Chad	A member of Mustelidae belonging to the subfamily Lutrinae. The type species is D. dabba.
^[113]	Valid	Webb	Late Miocene to earliest Pliocene		United States ( Florida and New Mexico)	A member of Gelocidae belonging to the subfamily . The type species is F. floridanus; genus also includes "" klausi Frick (1937).
^[114]	Valid	Mihlbachler	Uintan			A member of Brontotheriidae; a new genus for "Telmatherium" diploconus Osborn (1895)
^[115]	Valid	Shockey Anaya	Late Oligocene		Bolivia	A member of Borhyaenidae. The type species is Fredszalaya hunteri.
^[116]	Valid	Pickford Senut Morales Mein Sanchez	Eocene (Lutetian)		Namibia	A rodent belonging to the family , a species of .
Merycopotamus thachangensis^[117]	Valid	Hanta Ratanasthien Kunimatsu Saegusa Nakaya Nagaoka Jintasakul	Late Miocene		Thailand
Metalopex^[118]	Valid	Tedford Wang	Late Clarendonian to early Hemphillian	Ash Hollow Formation Rattlesnake Formation	United States ( Arizona, California, Nebraska, Oregon, Texas, Idaho and Oregon)	A fox. The type species is Metalopex merriami.
^[119]	Valid	Lindsay Reynolds	Late Hemingfordian to Barstovian	Barstow Formation Crowder Formation	United States	A rodent belonging to the family Heteromyidae, a species of .
^[116]	Valid	Pickford Senut Morales Mein Sanchez	Eocene (Lutetian)		Namibia	A hyrax. The type species is Namahyrax corvus.
Namaia^[116]	Valid	Pickford Senut Morales Mein Sanchez	Eocene (Lutetian)		Namibia	Probably a member of the family Adapidae.^[120] The type species is Namaia bogenfelsi. The generic name turned out to be preoccupied; Pickford and Uhen (2014) created a replacement name Notnamaia.^[121]
^[116]	Valid	Pickford Senut Morales Mein Sanchez	Eocene (Lutetian)		Namibia	A member of Cimolesta belonging to the family . The type species is Namalestes gheerbranti.
^[116]	Valid	Pickford Senut Morales Mein Sanchez	Eocene (Lutetian)		Namibia	An embrithopod. The type species is Namatherium blackcrowense.
^[114]	Valid	Mihlbachler	Late Eocene (Ulangochuian)			A member of Brontotheriidae; a new genus for "" progressus Granger and Gregory (1943).
^[114]	Valid	Mihlbachler	Uintan	Uinta Formation	United States ( Wyoming)	A member of Brontotheriidae; a new genus for "Telmatherium" altidens Osborn (1908).
^[116]	Valid	Pickford Senut Morales Mein Sanchez	Eocene (Lutetian)		Namibia	A rodent belonging to the family Diamantomyidae. The type species is Prepomonomys bogenfelsi.
^[115]	Valid	Shockey Anaya	Late Oligocene		Bolivia	A member of Toxodontidae, a species of Proadinotherium.
Siamoadapis^[122]	Valid	Chaimanee Yamee Tian Chavasseau Jaeger	Middle Miocene		Thailand
^[116]	Valid	Pickford Senut Morales Mein Sanchez	Eocene (Lutetian)		Namibia	A rodent belonging to the family Myophiomyidae. The type species is Silicamys cingulatus.
^[112]	Valid	Peigné et al.	Late Miocene		Chad	A member of Mustelidae belonging to the subfamily Lutrinae.
Stenomylus taylori^[123]	Valid	Cassiliano	Miocene (Hemingfordian)	Zia Formation	United States ( New Mexico)	A camelid.
Teilhardina magnoliana^[124]	Valid	Beard	Early Eocene	Tuscahoma Formation	United States ( Mississippi)
^[114]	Valid	Mihlbachler	Uintan	Sand Wash Basin Washakie Formation	United States ( Colorado)	A member of Brontotheriidae. The type species is Wickia brevirhinus.

Related happenings in geology[]

^[125]

Footnotes[]

Complete author list[]

As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.

^ Novas, Pol, Canale, Porfiri, Calvo.
^ You, Li, Zhou, Ji.
^ Lü, Azuma, Chen, Zheng, Jin.
^ Lü, Li, Zhong, Ji, Li.
^ Zhang, Zhou, Xu, Wang, Sullivan.
^ Maidment, Norman, Barrett, Upchurch.
^ Carpenter, Bartlett, Bird, Barrick.
^ Mo, Huang, Zhao, Wang, Xu.
^ ^a ^b Godefroit, Hai, Yu, Lauters.

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[austroraptor-authors-44] Novas, Pol, Canale, Porfiri, Calvo.

[daxiatitan-authors-47] You, Li, Zhou, Ji.

[dongyangosaurus-authors-50] Lü, Azuma, Chen, Zheng, Jin.

[eomamenchisaurus-authors-54] Lü, Li, Zhong, Ji, Li.

[epidexipteryx-authors-56] Zhang, Zhou, Xu, Wang, Sullivan.

[loricatosaurus-authors-59] Maidment, Norman, Barrett, Upchurch.

[peloroplites-authors-62] Carpenter, Bartlett, Bird, Barrick.

[qingxiusaurus-authors-65] Mo, Huang, Zhao, Wang, Xu.

[hadrosaurid-authors-67] Godefroit, Hai, Yu, Lauters.

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