1998 in paleontology

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
List of years in paleontology (table)
In science
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1998.

Arthropods[]

Insects[]

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Acanthostichus hispaniolicus[2]

Sp. nov

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A Dorylinae ant

[3]

Sp nov.

valid

Deuve

Turolian

 France

A ground beetle

[4]

Sp. nov

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A Dorylinae ant

[3]

Gen et sp nov.

valid

Deuve

Turolian

 France

A ground beetle

Molluscs[]

Bivalves[]

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Pojetaia sarhroensis[5]

sp nov

Valid

Geyer & Streng

Early Cambrian

Anti-Atlas mountains

 Morocco

Early Cambrian Fordillidae bivalve

Amphibians[]

newly named anurans[]

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Rhadinosteus[6]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Henrici

Kimmeridgian

Morrison Formation

 USA

A possible Rhinophrynidae frog

Archosauromorpha[]

Dinosaurs[]

  • A paper in the journal Nature is published by Karen Chin and others announcing the earlier discovery of a "king-sized coprolite" attributed to Tyrannosaurus rex.
  • Lourinhasaurus gastroliths documented.[7]
  • Cedarosaurus gastroliths documented.[8]
  • Caudipteryx gastroliths documented.[9]
  • Volunteers from the Denver Museum of Natural History discovered Tony's Bone Bed in the Cedar Mountain Formation's Poison Strip Member.[10]

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[11]

Name Status Authors Location Notes Images
Altirhinus[12] Valid taxon
''Augustia''

Preoccupied

  • Bonaparte
  • Zariquiey
Camposaurus[13] Valid taxon
  • Sullivan, and
  • Lockley
Caseosaurus[13] Valid taxon
  • Sullivan, and
  • Lockley
Caudipteryx[14] Valid taxon
Cristatusaurus[15] Valid taxon
  • Dale A. Russell
Eobrontosaurus[16] Valid taxon. Now Synonym of Brontosaurus
  • Robert Bakker
Eolambia[17] Valid taxon
  • James Kirkland
Gargoyleosaurus[18] Valid taxon
  • Cloward
Gastonia[19] Valid taxon
  • James Kirkland
Gongxianosaurus[20] Valid taxon
  • He,
  • Wang C.,
  • Liu S.,
  • Zhou F.,
  • Liu T.,
  • Cai and
  • Dai
Histriasaurus[21] Valid taxon
  • Dalla Vecchia
Lourinhanosaurus[22] Valid taxon
  • Mateus
Lourinhasaurus[23] Valid taxon
  • Dantas,
  • Sanz,
  • Da Silva,
  • Ortega,
  • Dos Santos and
  • Cachao
Megaraptor[24] Valid taxon
  • Novas
Nedcolbertia[25] Valid taxon
  • James Kirkland,
  • Britt,
  • Whittle,
  • S. K. Madsen and
  • Burge
Notohypsilophodon[26] Valid taxon
  • Martínez
Ozraptor[27] Valid taxon
  • J. A. Long and
Protohadros[28] Valid taxon
  • Head
''Rahona''[29] Preoccupied
  • Forster
  • Sampson
Rahonavis[30] Valid taxon
  • Forster,
  • Sampson,
Scipionyx[31] Valid taxon
  • Dal Sasso and
  • Signore
Shanxia[32] Valid taxon
  • Barrett,
  • You,
  • Upchurch and
  • Burton
Shuvuuia[33] Valid taxon
  • Clark
Sonorasaurus[34] Valid taxon
  • Ratkevich,
  • Sidor,
  • Varricchio,
Suchomimus Valid taxon An African spinosaurs Sereno et al. 1998
Tianzhenosaurus[35] Valid taxon
  • Pang and
  • Cheng Z.
Variraptor[36] Valid taxon
  • Le Loeuff and
  • Buffetaut
Zuniceratops[37] Valid taxon
  • Wolfe and
  • James Kirkland

Newly named birds[]

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

[38]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Late Cretaceous

Coniacian,

Bissekty Formation

 Uzbekistan

An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.

[39]

Sp. nov.

Valid ?

Late Pliocene

MN 17

 Bulgaria

A Scolopacidae?, the holotypical tarsometatarsus looks more like a Charadriidae.

[40]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Late Pliocene

Late Blancan

 USA:

 Florida

A Cathartidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

[40]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Early Pliocene

Late-Early Irvingtonian

 USA:

 Florida

An Anhingidae.

[41]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Early Miocene

MN 2-3

 Germany:

 Bavaria

A Gruidae, transferred to the genus Balearica by Mourer-Chauviré in 2001,[42] this is the type species of the new genus.

Buteo sanya [43]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Late Pleistocene

Cave Deposits

 China

An Accipitridae.

[44]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Late Miocene

MN 11-12

 Bulgaria

An Accipitridae.

Catenoleimus anachoretus [38]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Late Cretaceous

Coniacian

 Uzbekistan

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.

[45]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Middle-Late Pliocene

 Argentina

An Anatidae.

[46]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Late Pliocene

MN 18

 Bulgaria

A Fringillidae.

[46]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Late Pliocene

 Bulgaria

A Fringillidae.

[47]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Martin Pickford

Early Middle Miocene

 Namibia

A Struthionidae, eggshells.

Explorornis nessovi [38]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Late Cretaceous

Coniacian,

Bissekty Formation

 Uzbekistan

An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.

[48]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Eric Buffetaut

Late Cretaceous

Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian,

 France

An Ornithothoraces, this is the type species of the new genus.

[49]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Middle Miocene

MN 7

 Austria:

 Burgenland

A Gaviidae.

[50]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Late Pliocene,

MN 18

Slivnica

 Bulgaria

A Threskiornithidae.

[40]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Late Pliocene

Florida

 USA:

 Florida

A Strigidae.

[51]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Piciformes, G. Mayr, 2001, this is the type species of the new genus.

[52]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

An Apodiformes, ?Archaeotrogonidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1980, this is the type species of the new genus.

Incolornis silvae [38]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Late Cretaceous

Coniacian,

Bissekty Formation

 Uzbekistan

An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.

[53]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Early Miocene

 Czech Republic;

 Germany:

 Bavaria

A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

[54]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Coliidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

[51]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

An Upupiformes, Harrison, 1979.

[51]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

An Upupiformes, Harrison, 1979, this is the type species of the new genus.

[53]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Early Miocene

MN 3

 Czech Republic

A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

[51]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Miocene

Beni Mellal

 Morocco

A G. Mayr, 1998, this is the type species of the new genus.

Palaelodus pledgei [55]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Late Oligocene - Middle Miocene

 Australia:

 South Australia

A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885.

Palaelodus wilsoni [55]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Late Oligocene - Middle Miocene

 Australia:

 South Australia

A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885.

? [51]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, not surely a Primozygodactylus.

[51]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, this is the type species of the new genus.

[51]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971.

[56]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Halcyornithidae Harrison et Walker, 1972. The genus Pseudastur is preoccupied and replaced by Pseudasturides Mayr, 2004, this is the type species of both genera.[57]

[58]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

ppMichael Daniels

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A stem Psittaciformes, this is the type species of the new genus.

[59]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

An Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.

[60]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Early Miocene

 Czech Republic

A Rostratulidae.

[40]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Late Pliocene

Florida

 USA:

 Florida

A Scolopacidae.

[47]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Martin Pickford

Early Miocene

 Namibia

A Struthionidae, eggshells.

[61]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Early Pliocene

 Bulgaria

A Phasianidae.

[62]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Early Miocene

MN 3

 Czech Republic

A Psittacidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Pterosaurs[]

New taxa[]

Name Status Authors Notes

"Dendrorhynchus"

Valid

Ji S.-A. Ji Q.

Normannognathus

Valid

Buffetaut Lepage, J.-J. Lepage, G.

References[]

  1. ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
  2. ^ De Andrade, M. L. (1998). "First description of fossil Acanthostichus from Dominican amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft. 71: 269–274.
  3. ^ a b Deuve, T. (1998). "Trois fossiles remarquablement conservés du Miocène de France, appartenant aux genres Carabus L. et Ledouxnebria nov. (Coleoptera, Carabidae et Nebriidae)". Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France. 103: 229–236.
  4. ^ de Andrade., M. L. (1998). "Fossil and extant species of Cylindromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 105: 581–664. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.80052.
  5. ^ Elicki, O.; Gürsu, S. (2009). "First record of Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980 and Fordilla Barrande, 1881 from the Middle East (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) and critical review of Cambrian bivalves" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 83 (2): 267–291. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
  6. ^ Henrici, A. C. (1998). "A new pipoid anuran from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation at Dinosaur National Monument, Utah". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 18 (2): 321–332. doi:10.1080/02724634.1998.10011060.
  7. ^ Dantas et al. (1998). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
  8. ^ Sanders and Carpenter (1998). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
  9. ^ Qiang et al. (1998). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
  10. ^ "Introduction," DiCroce and Carpenter (2001). Page 185.
  11. ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  12. ^ Norman, D.B. 1998. On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 3. A new species of Iguanodontid dinosaur. Zool. Journal Linn. Soc. 122: pp. 291-348.
  13. ^ a b Hunt, A.P., Lucas, S.G., Heckert, A.B., R.M. Sullivan, and M.G. Lockley. 1998. Late Triassic Dinosaurs from the Western United States. Geobios 31 (4): pp. 511-531.
  14. ^ Ji, Q.., P.J. Currie, M.A. Norell, and S.-A. Ji. 1998. Two feathered dinosaurs from northeastern China. Nature 393: pp. 753-761.
  15. ^ Taquet, P. and D.A. Russell. 1998. New data on spinosaurid dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of the Sahara. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes 327: pp. 347-353.
  16. ^ Bakker, RT. 1998. Dinosaur Mid-Life Crisis: The Jurassic-Cretaceous Transition in Wyoming and Colorado: In: Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems (S.G.Lucas, J.I. Kirkland and J.W. Estep, eds.). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 14: pp. 67- 77.
  17. ^ Kirkland, J.I. 1998. A new hadrosaurid from the Upper Cedar Mountain Formation (Albian- Cenomanian: Cretaceous) of Eastern Utah - the oldest known hadrosaurid (Lambeosaurine?). Pp. 283-295 in: Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems (S.G. Lucas, J.I. Kirkland, and J.W. Estep, eds.). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 14.
  18. ^ Carpenter, K., C. Miles, and K. Cloward. 1998. Skull of a Jurassic ankylosaur (Dinosauria). Nature. 393: pp. 782-783.
  19. ^ Kirkland, J.I. 1998. A Polacanthinae Ankylosaur (Ornithischia: Dinosauria) from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) of Eastern Utah. In: Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems (S.G. Lucas, J.I. Kirkland, and J.W. Estep, eds.). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 14: pp. 271-281.
  20. ^ He X., C. Wang, S. Liu, F. Zhou, T. Liu, K. Cai, and B. Dai. 1998. A new sauropod dinosaur during Early Jurassic in Gongxian County, Sichuan China. Sichuan Dizhi Xuebao Acta Geologica Sichuan 18 (1), pp. 1-6.
  21. ^ Dalla Vecchia, F.M. 1998. Remains of Sauropoda (Reptilia, Saurischia) in the Lower Cretaceous (Upper Hauterivian/Lower Barremian) Limestones of SW Istria (Croatia). Geol. Croat 51 (2): pp. 105-134.
  22. ^ Mateus, O. 1998. Lourinhanosaurus antunesi, a New Upper Jurassic Allosauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Lourinhã (Portugal). Memórias da Academia de Ciências de Lisboa. 37: pp. 111- 124.
  23. ^ Dantas, P.M., J.L. Sanz, C.M. Silva, F. Ortega, V.F. Santos, and M. Cachão. 1998. Lourinhasaurus n. gen. Novo dinossáurio saurópode do Jurássico superior (Kimmeridgiano superior-Titoniano inferior) de Portugal. Actas do V Congresso de Geologia. 84 (1): A-91-A-94.
  24. ^ Novas, F.E. 1998. Megaraptor namunhuaiquii, gen. et sp. nov., a large-clawed, Late Cretaceous theropod from Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18 (1): pp. 4-9.
  25. ^ Kirkland, J.I., B.B. Britt, C.H. Whittle, S.K. Madsen, and D.L. Burge. 1998. A small coelurosaurian theropod from the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Barremian) of eastern Utah. In: Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial ecosystems (S.G. Lucas, J.I. Kirkland, and J.W. Estep, eds.). Bull. New Mexico Mus. Nat. Hist. Sci.14: pp. 239-248.
  26. ^ Tapia, A. 1919. Una mandibula de dinosaurio procedente de Patagonia. Rev. Soc. Arg. Cienc. Nat. Vil. 4: pp. 369-370.
  27. ^ Long, J.A. and R.E. Molnar. 1998. A new Jurassic theropod dinosaur from Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum. 19: pp. 121-129.
  28. ^ Head, J.J. 1998. A new species of basal hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Cenomanian of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18 (4):pp. 718-738.
  29. ^ Forster, C.A., S.D. Sampson, L.M. Chiappe, and D.W. Krause. 1998. The theropod ancestry of birds: new evidence from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Science. 279: pp. 1915-1919.
  30. ^ Forster, C.A., S.D. Sampson, L.M. Chiappe, and D.W. Krause. 1998. The theropod ancestry of birds: new evidence from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Science. 279: pp. 1915-1919.
  31. ^ Dal Sasso C. and M. Signore. 1998. Scipionyx samniticus (Saurischia, Theropoda): the first Italian dinosaur. Third European Workshop on Vertebrate Paleontology (abstract): p. 23.
  32. ^ Barrett, P. M., Y. Hailu, R. Upchurch, and A.C. Burton. 1998. A new ankylosaurian Dinosaur (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 18 (2): pp. 376-384.
  33. ^ Chiappe, L.P., M.A. Norell, and J.M. Clark. 1998. The skull of a relative of the stem-group bird Mononykus. Nature. 392: pp. 275-278.
  34. ^ Ratkevich, R and R. Scarborough. 1998. New Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaur, Sonorasaurus thompsoni, gen. et. sp. nov, from Arizona. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 31 (1): pp. 71-81.
  35. ^ Pang, Q., and Z. Cheng. 1998. A new ankylosaur of Late Cretaceous from Tianzhen, Shaxi. Progress in Natural Science 8 (3): pp. 326-334.
  36. ^ Le Loeuff, J., and E. Buffetaut. 1998. A new dromaeosaurid theropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Southern France. Oryctos 1: pp. 105-112.
  37. ^ Wolfe, D.G., and J.I. Kirkland J I. 1998. Zuniceratops christopheri n. gen. & n. sp., a ceratopsian dinosaur from the Moreno Hill Formation (Cretaceous, Turonian) of West-Central New Mexico. In: Lower and Middle Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems (S.G. Lucas, J.I. Kirkland, and J.W. Estep, eds.). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 14: pp. 303- 317.
  38. ^ a b c d Andrei V. Panteleyev (1998). "New Species of Enantiornithines (Aves: Enantiornithes) from Upper Cretaceous of Central Kyzylkum". Russian Journal of Ornithology, Express-issue. 35: 3–15.
  39. ^ Zlatozar N. Boev (1998). "Actitis balcanica Sp. N. - A Late Pliocene Sandpiper (Aves: Scolopacidae) from Bulgaria" (PDF). Historia Naturalis Bulgarica. 9: 71–77. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  40. ^ a b c d Steven D. Emslie (1998). "Avian Community, Climate, and Sea-level Changes in the Plio-Pleistocene of the Florida Peninsula" (PDF). Ornithological Monographs. 50 (50): 1–113. doi:10.2307/40166707. JSTOR 40166707.
  41. ^ Jiří Mlíkovský (1998). "A New Barn Owl (Aves: Strigidae) from the Early Miocene of Germany, with Comments on the Fossil History of the Tytoninae" (PDF). Journal für Ornithologie. 139 (3): 247–261. doi:10.1007/bf01653335. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  42. ^ Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (2001). "The Systematic Position of the Genus Basityto Mlikovsky 1998 (Aves: Gruiformes: Gruidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 114 (4): 964–971. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  43. ^ Hou Lianhai in S. Hao & H. Wanbo (1998). "Luobidang Cave Site". South Press: 40–47.
  44. ^ Zlatozar N. Boev in Zlatozar N. Boev & Dimitar Kovachev (1998). "Buteo spassovi sp. n. - a Late Miocene Buzzard (Accipitridae, Aves) from SW Bulgaria". Geologica Balcanica. 29 (1–2): 125–129.
  45. ^ Claudia P. Tambussi (1998). "Nuevo Anatidae (Aves: Anseriformes) del Plioceno de la Region Pampeana, Argentina". Bolletí de la Societat d'Història Natural de les Balears. 41: 19–25.
  46. ^ a b Zlatozar N. Boev (1998). "Late Pliocene Hawfinches (Coccothraustes Brisson 1760) (Aves: Fringillidae) from Bulgaria" (PDF). Historia Naturalis Bulgarica. 9: 87–99. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  47. ^ a b Brigitte Senut, Yannicke Dauphin & Martin Pickford (1998). "Nouveaux Restes Aviens du Néogène de la Sperrgebiet (Namibie): Complément à la Biostratigraphie Avienne des Éolianites du Désert de Namib". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série II. 327 (9): 639–644. doi:10.1016/s1251-8050(99)80119-0.
  48. ^ Eric Buffetaut & Jean Le Loeuff (1998). "A New Giant Ground Bird from the Upper Cretaceous of Southern France". Journal of the Geological Society, London. 155: 1–4. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.155.1.0001.
  49. ^ Jiří Mlíkovský (1998). "A New Loon (Aves: Gaviidae) from the Middle Miocene of Austria" (PDF). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Ser. A. 99: 331–339. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  50. ^ Zlatozar N. Boev (1998). "Presence of Bald Ibises (Geronticus Wagler, 1832) (Threskiornithidae - Aves) in the Late Pliocene of Bulgaria". Geologica Balcanica. 28 (1–2): 45–52.
  51. ^ a b c d e f g Gerald Mayr (1998). ""Coraciiforme" und "Piciforme" Kleinvögel aus dem Mittel-Eozän der Grube Messel (Hessen, Deutschland)". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. 205: 1–101.
  52. ^ Gerald Mayr (1998). "Ein Archaeotrogon (Aves: Archaeotrogonidae) aus dem Mittel-Eozän der Grube Messel (Hessen, Deutschland)?" (PDF). Journal für Ornithologie. 139 (2): 121–129. doi:10.1007/bf01651221.
  53. ^ a b Jirí Mlíkovský (1998). "Two New Owls (Aves: Strigidae) from the Early Miocene of the Czech Republic, With Comments on the Fossil History of the Subfamily Striginae" (PDF). Buteo. 10: 5–22.
  54. ^ Gerald Mayr & Dieter S. Peters (1998). "The Mousebirds (Aves: Coliiformes) from the Middle Eocene of Grübe Messel (Hessen, Germany)" (PDF). Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 78 (1–2): 179–197. doi:10.1007/bf03042768.
  55. ^ a b Robert F. Baird & Patricia Vickers Rich (1998). "Palaelodus (Aves: Palaelodidae) from the Middle to Late Cainozoic of Australia". Alcheringa. 22 (2): 135–151. doi:10.1080/03115519808619196.
  56. ^ Gerald Mayr (1998). "A New Family of Eocene Zygodactyl Birds" (PDF). Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 78 (1–2): 199–209. doi:10.1007/bf03042769.
  57. ^ Gerald Mayr (2004). "Pseudasturides n. gen., a Replacement Name for the Stam Group Parrot Pseudastur Mayr 1998 (Preoccupied by Pseudastur Blyth, 1850)". Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 83 (1–2): 2.
  58. ^ Gerald Mayr & Michael Daniels (1998). "Eocene Parrots from Messel (Hessen, Germany) and the London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, England)" (PDF). Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 78 (1–2): 157–177. doi:10.1007/bf03042767.
  59. ^ Gerald Mayr (1998). ""Coraciiforme" und "Piciforme" Kleinvögel aus dem Mittel-Eozän der Grube Messel (Hessen, Deutschland)". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. 205: 1–65.
  60. ^ Jíří Mlíkovský (1998). "A New Painted Snipe (Aves: Rostratulidae) from the Early Miocene of the Czech Republic" (PDF). Časopis Národniho Muzea, Řada Přírodovědná. 167 (1–4): 99–101. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-08-05.
  61. ^ Zlatozar N. Boev (1998). "Fossil Birds of Dorkovo - an Early Pliocene Site in the Rhodope Mts. (Southern Bulgaria)". Geologica Balcanica. 28 (1–2): 53–60.
  62. ^ Jiří Mlíkovský (1998). "A New Parrot (Aves (Psittacidae) from the Early Miocene of the Czech Republic" (PDF). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae. 62: 335–341. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-08-05.
  • Dantas, P.M., Freitas, C., Azevedo, T. Sanz, J.L., Galopim de Carvalho, A.M., Santos, D., Ortega, F., Santos, V., Sanz, J.L., Silva, C.M. & Cachão, M. (1998). Estudo dos Gastrólitos do Dinossáurio Lourinhasaurus do Jurássico Superior Português. Actas do V Congresso Nacional de Geologia. 84 (1): A87-A90.
  • DiCroce, K. and K. Carpenter. (2001). "New ornithopod from the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Eastern Utah". pp. 183–196 in: Tanke, D. & K. Carpenter (eds.) Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
  • Qiang, J., .Currie, P.J., Norell., M.A. & Shu-An, J., 1998. Two feathered dinosaurs from northeastern China. Nature 393 753–761.
  • Sanders, F.H. & Carpenter, K. (1998). Gastroliths from a camarasaurid in the Cedar Mountain Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Abstracts with program. 18 (3): 74A.
Retrieved from ""