1998 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1998.

Arthropods[]

Insects[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Acanthostichus hispaniolicus^[2]	Sp. nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A Dorylinae ant	Acanthostichus hispaniolicus
^[3]	Sp nov.	valid	Deuve	Turolian		France	A ground beetle
^[4]	Sp. nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A Dorylinae ant
^[3]	Gen et sp nov.	valid	Deuve	Turolian		France	A ground beetle

Molluscs[]

Bivalves[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Pojetaia sarhroensis^[5]	sp nov	Valid	Geyer & Streng	Early Cambrian	Anti-Atlas mountains	Morocco	Early Cambrian Fordillidae bivalve

Amphibians[]

newly named anurans[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Rhadinosteus^[6]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Henrici	Kimmeridgian	Morrison Formation	USA	A possible Rhinophrynidae frog

Archosauromorpha[]

Dinosaurs[]

A paper in the journal Nature is published by Karen Chin and others announcing the earlier discovery of a "king-sized coprolite" attributed to Tyrannosaurus rex.
Lourinhasaurus gastroliths documented.^[7]
Cedarosaurus gastroliths documented.^[8]
Caudipteryx gastroliths documented.^[9]
Volunteers from the Denver Museum of Natural History discovered Tony's Bone Bed in the Cedar Mountain Formation's Poison Strip Member.^[10]

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[11]

Name	Status	Authors		Location	Images
Altirhinus^[12]	Valid taxon	David Norman		Mongolia	Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis Scipionyx Shuvuuia Suchomimus Tianzhenosaurus Variraptor Zuniceratops
''Augustia''	Preoccupied	Bonaparte Zariquiey
Camposaurus^[13]	Valid taxon	Hunt, Lucas, ,	Sullivan, and Lockley
Caseosaurus^[13]	Valid taxon	Hunt, Lucas, ,	Sullivan, and Lockley	USA ( New Mexico and Texas)
Caudipteryx^[14]	Valid taxon	Ji Q., Phillip Currie,	Mark Norell and Ji S.	China
Cristatusaurus^[15]	Valid taxon	Philippe Taquet	Dale A. Russell
Eobrontosaurus^[16]	Valid taxon. Now Synonym of Brontosaurus	Robert Bakker
Eolambia^[17]	Valid taxon	James Kirkland		USA ( Utah)
Gargoyleosaurus^[18]	Valid taxon	Kenneth Carpenter Miles	Cloward	USA ( Wyoming)
Gastonia^[19]	Valid taxon	James Kirkland		USA ( Utah)
Gongxianosaurus^[20]	Valid taxon	He, Wang C., Liu S., Zhou F.,	Liu T., Cai and Dai	China
Histriasaurus^[21]	Valid taxon	Dalla Vecchia		Croatia
Lourinhanosaurus^[22]	Valid taxon	Mateus		Portugal
Lourinhasaurus^[23]	Valid taxon	Dantas, Sanz, Da Silva,	Ortega, Dos Santos and Cachao	Portugal
Megaraptor^[24]	Valid taxon	Novas		Argentina
Nedcolbertia^[25]	Valid taxon	James Kirkland, Britt, Whittle,	S. K. Madsen and Burge	USA ( Utah)
Notohypsilophodon^[26]	Valid taxon	Martínez		Argentina
Ozraptor^[27]	Valid taxon	J. A. Long and	Ralph Molnar	Australia
Protohadros^[28]	Valid taxon	Head		USA ( Texas)
''Rahona''^[29]	Preoccupied	Forster Sampson	Luis M. Chiappe and Krause
Rahonavis^[30]	Valid taxon	Forster, Sampson,	Luis M. Chiappe and Krause	Madagascar
Scipionyx^[31]	Valid taxon	Dal Sasso and	Signore	Italy
Shanxia^[32]	Valid taxon	Barrett, You,	Upchurch and Burton	China
Shuvuuia^[33]	Valid taxon	Luis M. Chiappe, Mark Norell and	Clark	Mongolia
Sonorasaurus^[34]	Valid taxon	Ratkevich, Sidor, Varricchio,	G. P. Wilson and Jeffrey A. Wilson.	USA ( Arizona)
Suchomimus	Valid taxon	An African spinosaurs	Sereno et al. 1998	Niger
Tianzhenosaurus^[35]	Valid taxon	Pang and	Cheng Z.	China
Variraptor^[36]	Valid taxon	Le Loeuff and	Buffetaut	France
Zuniceratops^[37]	Valid taxon	Wolfe and	James Kirkland	USA ( New Mexico)

Newly named birds[]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
^[38]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Cretaceous	Coniacian, Bissekty Formation	Uzbekistan	An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[39]	Sp. nov.	Valid ?		Late Pliocene	MN 17	Bulgaria	A Scolopacidae?, the holotypical tarsometatarsus looks more like a Charadriidae.
^[40]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Pliocene	Late Blancan	USA: Florida	A Cathartidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[40]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Early Pliocene	Late-Early Irvingtonian	USA: Florida	An Anhingidae.
^[41]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid		Early Miocene	MN 2-3	Germany: Bavaria	A Gruidae, transferred to the genus Balearica by Mourer-Chauviré in 2001,^[42] this is the type species of the new genus.
Buteo sanya ^[43]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Pleistocene	Cave Deposits	China	An Accipitridae.
^[44]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Miocene	MN 11-12	Bulgaria	An Accipitridae.
Catenoleimus anachoretus ^[38]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Cretaceous	Coniacian	Uzbekistan	An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[45]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Middle-Late Pliocene		Argentina	An Anatidae.
^[46]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Pliocene	MN 18	Bulgaria	A Fringillidae.
^[46]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Pliocene		Bulgaria	A Fringillidae.
^[47]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Martin Pickford	Early Middle Miocene		Namibia	A Struthionidae, eggshells.
Explorornis nessovi ^[38]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Cretaceous	Coniacian, Bissekty Formation	Uzbekistan	An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[48]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Eric Buffetaut	Late Cretaceous	Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian,	France	An Ornithothoraces, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[49]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Middle Miocene	MN 7	Austria: Burgenland	A Gaviidae.
^[50]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Pliocene, MN 18	Slivnica	Bulgaria	A Threskiornithidae.
^[40]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Pliocene	Florida	USA: Florida	A Strigidae.
^[51]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany: Hessen	A Piciformes, G. Mayr, 2001, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[52]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany: Hessen	An Apodiformes, ?Archaeotrogonidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1980, this is the type species of the new genus.
Incolornis silvae ^[38]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Cretaceous	Coniacian, Bissekty Formation	Uzbekistan	An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[53]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid		Early Miocene		Czech Republic; Germany: Bavaria	A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[54]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany: Hessen	A Coliidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[51]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany: Hessen	An Upupiformes, Harrison, 1979.
^[51]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany: Hessen	An Upupiformes, Harrison, 1979, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[53]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid		Early Miocene	MN 3	Czech Republic	A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[51]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Miocene	Beni Mellal	Morocco	A G. Mayr, 1998, this is the type species of the new genus.
Palaelodus pledgei ^[55]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Oligocene - Middle Miocene		Australia: South Australia	A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885.
Palaelodus wilsoni ^[55]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Oligocene - Middle Miocene		Australia: South Australia	A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885.
? ^[51]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany: Hessen	A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, not surely a Primozygodactylus.
^[51]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany: Hessen	A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[51]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany: Hessen	A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971.
^[56]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany: Hessen	A Halcyornithidae Harrison et Walker, 1972. The genus Pseudastur is preoccupied and replaced by Pseudasturides Mayr, 2004, this is the type species of both genera.^[57]
^[58]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr ppMichael Daniels	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany: Hessen	A stem Psittaciformes, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[59]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany: Hessen	An Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.
^[60]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Early Miocene		Czech Republic	A Rostratulidae.
^[40]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Late Pliocene	Florida	USA: Florida	A Scolopacidae.
^[47]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Martin Pickford	Early Miocene		Namibia	A Struthionidae, eggshells.
^[61]	Sp. nov.	Valid		Early Pliocene		Bulgaria	A Phasianidae.
^[62]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid		Early Miocene	MN 3	Czech Republic	A Psittacidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Pterosaurs[]

New taxa[]

Name	Status	Authors		Notes
"Dendrorhynchus"	Valid	Ji S.-A. Ji Q.
Normannognathus	Valid	Buffetaut Lepage, J.-J. Lepage, G.

References[]

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Dantas, P.M., Freitas, C., Azevedo, T. Sanz, J.L., Galopim de Carvalho, A.M., Santos, D., Ortega, F., Santos, V., Sanz, J.L., Silva, C.M. & Cachão, M. (1998). Estudo dos Gastrólitos do Dinossáurio Lourinhasaurus do Jurássico Superior Português. Actas do V Congresso Nacional de Geologia. 84 (1): A87-A90.
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