Baldwin County, Alabama

Baldwin County
U.S. county
The Baldwin County Courthouse in Bay Minette
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Alabama
Alabama's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 30°43′59″N 87°43′13″W / 30.733055555556°N 87.720277777778°W / 30.733055555556; -87.720277777778
Country	United States
State	Alabama
Founded	December 21[1], 1809[1]
Named for	Abraham Baldwin
Seat	Bay Minette
Largest city	Daphne
Area [2]
• Total	2,027 sq mi (5,250 km2)
• Land	1,590 sq mi (4,100 km2)
• Water	437 sq mi (1,130 km2)  21.6%
Population  (2020)
• Total	231,767
• Density	110/sq mi (44/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	1st
Website	www.co.baldwin.al.us
County Number 05 on Alabama Licence Plates

Baldwin County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Alabama, on the Gulf coast. As of the 2020 census, the population was 231,767.^[3] The county seat is Bay Minette. The county is named in honor of Senator Abraham Baldwin, though he never lived in what is now Alabama.^{[citation needed]}

Baldwin was Alabama's fastest growing county from 2010 to 2020, with 4 of the top 10 fastest growing cities in the state in recent years. ^[4]

The U.S. federal government designates Baldwin County as the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

It is the largest county in Alabama by area and is located on the eastern side of Mobile Bay.^{[citation needed]} Part of its western border with Mobile County is formed by the Spanish River, a brackish distributary river.

History[]

Baldwin County was established on December 21, 1809,^[1] ten years before Alabama became a state. Previously, the county had been a part of the Mississippi Territory until 1817, when the area was included in the separate Alabama Territory. Statehood was gained by Alabama in 1819.^[5]

There have been numerous border changes to the county as population grew and other counties were formed. Numerous armies have invaded during the Revolutionary War, War of 1812, and Civil War.^[6]

In the first days of Baldwin County, the town of McIntosh Bluff on the Tombigbee River was the county seat. (It is now included in Mobile County, west of Baldwin County.) The county seat was transferred to the town of Blakeley in 1820, and then to the city of Daphne in 1868. In 1900, by an act of the legislature of Alabama, the county seat was authorized for relocation to the city of Bay Minette; however, the city of Daphne resisted this relocation.

To achieve the relocation, the men of Bay Minette devised a scheme. They fabricated a murder to lure the Sheriff and his deputy out of the city of Daphne. While the law was chasing down the fictitious killer during the late hours, the group of Bay Minette men stealthily traveled the seventeen miles (27 km) to Daphne, stole the Baldwin County Courthouse records, and delivered them to the city of Bay Minette, where Baldwin County's county seat remains. A New Deal mural, completed by WPA artists during the Great Depression, depicts these events. It hangs in the Bay Minette United States Post Office.^[7]

Due to its proximity to the Gulf of Mexico, Baldwin County frequently endures tropical weather systems, including hurricanes. Since the late 20th century, the county was declared a disaster area in September 1979 due to damage from Hurricane Frederic,^[8] in July 1997 due to Hurricane Danny,^[9] in September 1998 from Hurricane Georges,^[10] in September 2004 due to damage from Hurricane Ivan,^[11] and again in August 2005 due to damage from Hurricane Katrina.^[12]

2016 flag controversy[]

Baldwin County attracted national attention after the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting as the only county in the United States to refuse to lower its flags to half-staff. Both President Obama and Alabama Governor Robert Bentley had ordered all flags to be lowered immediately following the attack, which was believed to have specifically targeted the LGBTQ community. Citing the U.S. Flag Code, Baldwin County Commissioner Tucker Dorsey stated that while his "heart certainly goes out to the victims and their families," the incident "doesn't meet the test of the reason for the flag to be lowered."^[13]

Geography[]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,027 square miles (5,250 km²), of which 1,590 square miles (4,100 km²) is land and 437 square miles (1,130 km²) (21.6%) is water.^[14][2] It is the largest county by area in Alabama and the 12th-largest county east of the Mississippi River. It is larger than the US state of Rhode Island.

Adjacent counties[]

• Monroe County - northeast
• Escambia County, Florida - east
• Escambia County, Alabama - east
• Mobile County - west
• Washington County - northwest
• Clarke County - northwest

Environmental recognition[]

Two separate areas in Baldwin County have been designated as "Outstanding Alabama Water" by the Alabama Environmental Management Commission, which oversees the Alabama Department of Environmental Management. As of April 2007, only two other areas in Alabama have received what is the "highest environmental status" in the state. A portion of and 42 miles (68 km) of the Tensaw River in northern Baldwin County have received the designation. Officials believe the "pristine water" will become an important eco-tourism destination.^[15]

National protected area[]

• Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Transportation[]

Major highways[]

• Interstate 10
• Interstate 65
• U.S. Highway 31
• U.S. Highway 90
• U.S. Highway 98
• State Route 59
• State Route 104
• State Route 180
• State Route 181
• State Route 182
• State Route 225
• State Route 287

Airports[]

• Bay Minette, 1R8, has a single runway 08/26 that is 5,497'
• Fairhope, KCQF, has a single runway 01/19 that is 6,604'
• Foley, 5R4, has a single runway 18/36 that is 3,700'
• Stockton, Hubbard Landing Seaplane Base HL2 has one water runway that is 6,000’
• Gulf Shores, Jack Edwards Airport JKA has two runways, 09/27 at 6,962' and 17/35 at 3,596'

There are numerous private airports and heliports in Baldwin County. Considerable military airspace overlies much of the county and adjacent bay and coastal waters.

Commercial, scheduled service is from Mobile Regional Airport, Mobile Downtown Airport, or Pensacola International Airport.

Demographics[]

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1810	1,427		—
1820	1,713		20.0%
1830	2,324		35.7%
1840	2,951		27.0%
1850	4,414		49.6%
1860	7,530		70.6%
1870	6,004		−20.3%
1880	8,603		43.3%
1890	8,941		3.9%
1900	13,194		47.6%
1910	18,178		37.8%
1920	20,730		14.0%
1930	28,289		36.5%
1940	32,324		14.3%
1950	40,997		26.8%
1960	49,088		19.7%
1970	59,382		21.0%
1980	78,556		32.3%
1990	98,280		25.1%
2000	140,415		42.9%
2010	182,265		29.8%
2020	231,767		27.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[16] 1790–1960[17] 1900–1990[18] 1990–2000[19] 2010–2020[3]

2010[]

Whereas according to the 2010 United States Census Bureau:

• 85.7% White
• 9.4% Black
• 0.7% Native American
• 0.7% Asian
• 0.4% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
• 1.5% Two or more races
• 4.4% Hispanic or Latino (of any race)

As of the census of 2010, there were 182,265 people, 73,180 households, and 51,151 families residing in the county. The population density was 110 people per square mile (40/km²). There were 104,061 housing units at an average density of 54 per square mile (23/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 85.7% White, 9.4% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 2.0% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. 4.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 73,180 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.46 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,250, and the median income for a family was $47,028. Males had a median income of $34,507 versus $23,069 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,826. 10.10% of the population and 7.60% of families were below the poverty line. 13.10% of those under the age of 18 and 8.90% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

According to the 2000 census, 21.4% were of American, 12.5% English, 11.4% German and 9.9% Irish ancestry.

In 2000, the largest denominational groups were Evangelical Protestants (with 38,670 adherents) and Mainline Protestants (with 16,399 adherents).^[20] The largest religious bodies were the Southern Baptist Convention (with 27,789 members) and the Catholic Church (with 10,482 members).^[20]

Education[]

The Baldwin County Board of Education / Baldwin County Public Schools oversees most public education in the county.

There are Catholic elementary schools in the county, including Christ the King (Daphne), St. Patrick (Robertsdale) and St. Benedict (Elberta). Beginning in 2016 there is also a Catholic high school, St. Michael Catholic High School, located just east of Fairhope.

Government[]

Baldwin County was one of the earliest counties in Alabama where the old-line Southern Democrats began splitting their tickets, and today, it is one of the most solidly Republican counties in Alabama. No Republican has failed to win a majority in the county since 1968, when it was easily carried by George Wallace running on a segregationist third-party ticket. The county has not gone for a straight Democratic ticket since 1960.

The county is governed by a four-member county commission, elected from single-member districts. A sheriff, coroner, and revenue commissioner are elected in at-large positions countywide. The sheriff of Baldwin County is Hoss Mack (R).^[22]

The commissioners are as follows:

District 1: James E. Ball (R)

District 2: Joseph Davis III (R)

District 3: Billie Jo Underwood (R)

District 4: Charles F. Gruber (R)

The coroner is Brian Pierce (R) and the district attorney is Robert Wilters (R).

Regions[]

• Eastern Shore
• Central Baldwin

Communities[]

Cities[]

Towns[]

Census-designated place[]

Unincorporated areas[]

Ghost town[]

• Blakeley

Secession proposal[]

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Perdido County, Alabama would contain northern Baldwin County, divided by a straight line extending westward from the northwestern tip of Florida, and western Escambia County, west of Big Escambia Creek. (The Flomaton area is excluded via a prominent power line easement, from Big Escambia Creek to the Florida state line.) The southwestern tip of Conecuh County, also west of Big Escambia Creek, may be included as well. The headwaters of the Perdido River rise near the center of this proposed county. The Perdido County seat would be Atmore. The county has been proposed by city of Atmore backers, who believe that their growing city of over 11,000 residents should be a county seat. Furthermore, county backers believe that Atmore belongs in the Mobile-Daphne-Fairhope metropolitan combined statistical area, which would become much more likely within its own exurban-leaning county. Brewton would remain the county seat of rural-leaning Escambia County. In addition to the incorporated city of Atmore, Perdido County would include the unincorporated communities of Blacksher, Canoe, Freemanville, Huxford, Nokomis, Perdido and Tensaw.

See also[]

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Baldwin County, Alabama
• Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in Baldwin County, Alabama

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baldwin County, Alabama.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Baldwin County (Alabama).

• Baldwin County
• Baldwin County map of roads/towns (map © 2007 Univ. of Alabama).
• Baldwin County Economic Development
• Baldwin County Alabama Genealogy
• Baldwin County Alabama Free Census Records
• Baldwin County Alabama Archives and Libraries
• Baldwin County Alabama Cemeteries
• South Alabama Community Website

Coordinates: 30°43′59″N 87°43′13″W / 30.73306°N 87.72028°W / 30.73306; -87.72028