Biên Hòa

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For the former South Vietnamese province with the same name, see Biên Hòa Province.
Biên Hòa

Thành phố Biên Hòa
City (Class-1)
Biên Hòa City
Official seal of Biên Hòa
Seal
Biên Hòa is located in Vietnam
Biên Hòa
Biên Hòa
Location of in Vietnam
Coordinates: 10°57′N 106°49′E / 10.950°N 106.817°E / 10.950; 106.817
Country Vietnam
ProvinceĐồng Nai
Area
 • Total26,408 km2 (10,196 sq mi)
Population
 (2018)
 • Total1,250,800
 • Density4,182/km2 (10,830/sq mi)
ClimateAw

Biên Hòa (Northern accent: About this soundlisten, Southern accent: About this soundlisten) is the capital city of Đồng Nai Province, Vietnam and part of the Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area and located about 30 kilometres (20 mi) east of Hồ Chí Minh City (formerly Saigon), to which Biên Hòa is linked by Vietnam Highway 1. It is the fifth largest city in Vietnam.

Administrative divisions[]

Biên Hòa has 30 divisions, including the wards of An Bình, An Hòa, Bình Đa, Bửu Hòa, Bửu Long, Hiệp Hòa, Hóa An, Hòa Bình, Hố Nai, Long Bình, Long Bình Tân, Phước Tân, Quang Vinh, Quyết Thắng, Tam Hiệp, Tam Hòa, Tam Phước, Tân Biên, Tân Hạnh, Tân Hòa, Tân Hiệp, Tân Mai, Tân Phong, Tân Tiến, Tân Vạn, Thanh Bình, Thống Nhất, Trảng Dài, Trung Dũng, and the commune of Long Hưng.

Demographics[]

In 1989 the estimated population was 273,879. In 1999, the population was 435,400, and in 2009 it was 701,194.[1] In December 2012, the population of the city crossed the one million mark.[2]

History[]

Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh temple in Cù Lao Phố.
Trấn Biên Temple of Literature, a Vietnamese Confucian temple.

Before and during the Nguyễn Dynasty[]

The area around Biên Hòa was part of small kingdom prior to being annexed by Chenla. It was an agricultural and fishing region.

The capture of Biên Hòa on December 16, 1861 was an important allied victory in the Cochinchina Campaign (1858–62). This campaign, fought between the French and the Spanish on the one side and the Vietnamese (under the Nguyễn Dynasty) on the other, began as a limited punitive expedition and ended as a French war of conquest. The war concluded with the establishment of the French colony of Cochinchina, a development that inaugurated nearly a century of French colonial dominance in Vietnam.

Republic of Vietnam[]

Biên Hòa grew into a major suburb of Saigon as the capital city of the Republic of (South) Vietnam grew. Following the First Indochina War, tens of thousands of refugees from the northern and central regions of Vietnam—a large portion of whom were Roman Catholics—resettled in Biên Hòa as part of Operation Passage to Freedom. During the Vietnam War, the United States Air Force operated Biên Hòa Air Base near the city. Mortar attacks on U.S. and ARVN targets were frequently staged from residential districts in Biên Hòa. Two of the better-known attacks took place during Tết of 1968 as well as 1969.[3]

Socialist Republic[]

Like most other areas of Vietnam, post-war Biên Hòa suffered a period of severe economic decline between 1975 and the second half of the 1980s. In part, because of its high concentration of former refugees and their descendants who had fled the communist government of North Vietnam in the mid-1950s, Biên Hòa was the site of small-scale resistance to the communist government in the months immediately following the fall of the Republic of Vietnam.

In the 1980s, the government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam initiated the economic reform policy of Đổi Mới[clarification needed] and Biên Hòa experienced an economic resurgence. Biên Hòa and the surrounding areas received large amounts of foreign investment capital, and the area rapidly industrialized.[citation needed]

As of 2005, Biên Hòa is now an industrial center of southern Vietnam, and many factories and warehouses (often funded in collaboration with Japanese, Singaporean, American, Swiss and other foreign investors) operate in the area surrounding the city. is located near the city.

With regard to entertainment, the city includes several amusement parks, nightclubs and restaurants lining the Đồng Nai River. Construction has increased rapidly (with many Western-style houses and villas under development), and the real estate market has experienced a series of boom cycles since the mid-1990s.[citation needed]

Biên Hòa also is the location of the Biên Hòa Military Cemetery, a large national cemetery for fallen soldiers and military officials of the former Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). The cemetery today is now neglected by the current communist regime, and many sections of the cemetery are either vandalized, or demolished for the construction of various building projects. Most of the time there was no proper reburial for the skeletal remains, and this caused an outcry by overseas Vietnamese, most of whom came from the South.[4] The Vietnamese America Foundation, and its program called "The Returning Casualty", are attempting to restore the cemetery and excavate a nearby mass grave.[5]

Economy[]

Biên Hòa is one of the central of industry in southern Vietnam. There are six industrial zones:

  • Biên Hòa I Industrial Zone, 335 ha
  • Biên Hòa II Industrial Zone, 365 ha
  • Amata Industrial Park, 674 ha
  • Long Bình Industrial Zone Development
  • Agtex Long Bình Industrial Park - AGTEX 28, 43 ha
  • Tam Phước Industrial Park, 323 ha

Transport[]

Notable Landmarks[]

Notable people[]

  • Daniel K. Winn (born June 19, 1966), Vietnamese-American artist, curator, and philanthropist.

References[]

  1. ^ http://www.gso.gov.vn/Modules/Doc_Download.aspx?DocID=12724
  2. ^ Chào mừng Hội nghị hiệp hội các đô thị Việt Nam diễn ra tại thành phố Biên Hòa — Trang thông tin điện tử thành phố Biên Hòa Archived November 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Pike, Thomas F., Operations & Intelligence, III Corps Reporting: Tet 1969, 2016, ISBN 978-1-534-79903-5, pp 91-103.
  4. ^ "The Returning Casualty Blog » Bien Hoa Cemetery: The Last of Its Kind in Vietnam". Vietremains.org. 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
  5. ^ Excavations of Burial Sites at Vietnamese Re-Education Camps by The Returning Casualty, Julie Martin, MSc in Forensic Archaeology and Anthropology candidate, Cranfield University UK, from south-eastasianarchaeology.com
  6. ^ https://historicbridges.org/bridges/browser/?bridgebrowser=vietnam/caurachcat/

Coordinates: 10°57′N 106°49′E / 10.950°N 106.817°E / 10.950; 106.817


  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n General Statistics Office of Vietnam (2019). "Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census" (PDF). Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). ISBN 978-604-75-1532-5. Archived from the original on 2021-01-10. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b "Nghị quyết số 857/NQ-UBTVQH14 năm 2020 về việc thành lập thành phố Dĩ An, thành phố Thuận An và các phường thuộc thị xã Tân Uyên, tỉnh Bình Dương". 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  3. ^ "Nghị quyết số 1111/NQ-UBTVQH14 năm 2020 về việc sắp xếp các đơn vị hành chính cấp huyện, cấp xã và thành lập thành phố Thủ Đức thuộc Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh". 9 December 2020. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  4. ^ "Nghị quyết số 1264/NQ-UBTVQH14 năm 2021 về việc điều chỉnh địa giới hành chính các đơn vị hành chính cấp huyện và sắp xếp, thành lập các phường thuộc thành phố Huế, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế". 27 April 2021. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  5. ^ "Nghị quyết số 837/NQ-UBTVQH14 năm 2019 về việc sắp xếp các đơn vị hành chính cấp huyện, cấp xã thuộc tỉnh Quảng Ninh". 17 December 2019. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  6. ^ "Nghị quyết số 788/NQ-UBTVQH14 năm 2019 về việc sắp xếp các đơn vị hành chính cấp huyện, cấp xã thuộc tỉnh Hải Dương". 16 October 2019. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
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