Galecyon

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Galecyon
Temporal range: 56.0–50.3 Ma early Eocene
Galecyon chronius.jpg
lower jaw of Galecyon chronius
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Hyaenodonta
Genus: †Galecyon
Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989[1]
Type species
†Galecyon mordax
Matthew & Granger, 1915
Speacies
  • †Galecyon chronius (Zack, 2011)[2]
  • †Galecyon gallus (Solé, 2013)[3]
  • †Galecyon mordax (Matthew & Granger, 1915)[4]
  • †Galecyon morloi (Smith & Smith, 2001)[5]
  • †Galecyon peregrinus (Zack, 2011)
Synonyms
synonyms of speacies:
  • G. mordax:
    • Paeneprolimnocyon mordax (Delson, 1971)[6]
    • Prototomus mordax (Van Valen, 1965)[7]
    • Sinopa mordax (Matthew & Granger, 1915)

Galecyon ("polecat dog") is a genus of hyaenodont that lived during the early Eocene in Europe and North America (found in the Clarks Fork and Powder River basins of Wyoming).[8][1]

Description[]

Galecyon had robust canines and short, deep jaws. Prior to 2015, little was known about its post-cranial skeleton.[1] However, following the discovery of more complete fossils, it is now known to have been a primarily terrestrial animal weighing between 5.2 and 7.9 kg (11 and 17 lb), lacking the adaptations for climbing found in some of its close relatives.[9]

Phylogeny[]

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Galecyon are shown in the following cladogram.[10][11][12][13]

 †Hyaenodonta 
 

†

 
 
 
 

†

 
 

†Hyaenodonta sp. (Quarry L-41, Fayum, Egypt)

 
 

†Lahimia

 
 
 
 
 
 

†

 
 

†

 
 
 

†

 
 
 

† Hyaenodon horridus by R. B. Horsfall (coloured).jpg

 
 
 
 †Galecyon 
 
 
 

†Galecyon chronius

 
 

†Galecyon morax

 
 
 

†Galecyon peregrinus

 
 
 

†Galecyon gallus

 
 

†Galecyon morloi

 
 
 
 
 

†

 
 

†Pyrocyon

 
 
 
 
 

†

 
 

†

 
 
 

†

 
 
 
 

†

 
 

†Tritemnodon Tritemnodon-agilis.jpg

 
 
 

†

 
 

†

 
 

†

 
 

†Teratodontidae

 
 
†
 

† Apterodon-rauenbergensis-1.png

 
 
 

†Orienspterodon

 
 
 
†
 
 

†Hemipsalodon

 
 ? 

†

 
†Akhnatenavus clade
 
 

†

 
 
 
 

†

 
 

†

 
 
 

†

 
 
†
 

†Pterodontina

 
 

†

 
 
 
 
 

†Falcatodon Falcatodon2.jpg

 
 

†Sectisodon

 
 
 

†Exiguodon

 
 

†Isohyaenodon zadoki 

 
 
 
 
 
†Isohyaenodon 
(†Isohyaenodontina) 
 

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi 

 
 
 

†Sivapterodon

 
 

†Hyainailouros bugtiensis 

 
 
 
 

†Hyainailouros napakensis 

 

†Hyainailouros 
 
 
 

†Hyainailouros sulzeri 

 
 

†Hyainailourinae sp. (Arrdrift)

 
 
 

†Simbakubwa

 
 
 
 

†

 
 

†Metapterodontini

 
 
 
 

†Megistotherium

 
 

†

 
 
 
 

†

 
 

†

 
 
 
Hyainailouridae
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
†Lahimia clade
†Arfia clade
†Galecyon clade
†Indohyaenodon clade
†Tritemnodon clade
 

References[]

  1. ^ a b c Gingerich, Philip D.; Deutsch, Harvey A. (1989). "Systematics and evolution of early Eocene Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming". 27 (13). Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan: 327–391. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ Shawn P. Zack (2011.) "New Species of the Rare Early Eocene Creodont Galecyon and the Radiation of Early Hyaenodontidae" Journal of Paleontology, 85(2):315-336.
  3. ^ F. Solé, E. Gheerbrant and M. Godinot (2013.) "Sinopaninae and Arfianinae (Hyaenodontida, Mammalia) from the Early Eocene of Europe and Asia; evidence for dispersal in Laurasia around the Paleocene/Eocene boundary and for an unnoticed faunal turnover in Europe." Geobios 46:313-327
  4. ^ W. D. Matthew and W. Granger (1915.) "A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34(1):1-103
  5. ^ T. Smith and R. Smith (2001.) "The creodonts (Mammalia, Ferae) from the Paleocene-Eocene transition in Belgium (Tienen Formation, MP7)." Belgian Journal of Zoology 131(2):117-135
  6. ^ E. Delson (1971.) "Fossil mammals of the early Wasatchian Powder River local fauna, Eocene of northeast." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 146(4)
  7. ^ L. Van Valen (1965.) "Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia)." Palaeontology 8(4):638-665
  8. ^ PaleoBiology Database: Galecyon, basic info
  9. ^ Zack, S. P.; Rose, K. D. (November 2015). "A postcranial skeleton of Galecyon: evidence for morphological and locomotor diversity in early Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Hyaenodontida)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (6): e1001492. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.1001492. S2CID 86247155.
  10. ^ Borths, Matthew R; Stevens, Nancy J (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.
  11. ^ Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222. S2CID 145972918.
  12. ^ Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
  13. ^ Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. S2CID 234848856.
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