Pyrocyon

Pyrocyon; Temporal range: 55.8–50.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Wasatchian
	lower jaw of Pyrocyon dioctetus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Hyaenodonta
Genus:	†Pyrocyon; Gingerich & Deustch, 1989
Type species
	†Pyrocyon dioctetus; Gingerich & Deustch, 1989
Species
	†Pyrocyon dioctetus (Gingerich & Deustch, 1989); †Pyrocyon strenuus (Cope, 1875);
Synonyms
	synonyms of genus: Pirocyon (Lavrov, 1999) ; synonyms of species: P. strenuus: Prototomus strenuus (Cope, 1875) ; Stypolophus aculeatus (Cope, 1881) ; Stypolophus hians (Cope, 1877) ; Stypolophus strenuus (Cope, 1880) ; Stypolophus whiteae (Cope, 1882) ; Stypolophus whitiae (Cope, 1882) ; Sinopa aculeata (Matthew, 1899) ; Sinopa hians (Matthew, 1901) ; Sinopa strenua (Matthew, 1899) ; Sinopa strenuus (Matthew, 1901) ; Sinopa whitiae (Cope, 1882) ; Tritemnodon hians (Van Valen, 1965) ; Tritemnodon strenua (Van Valen, 1965) ; Tritemnodon strenuus (Van Valen, 1965) ; Tritemnodon whitiae (Matthew, 1906) ; ;

Pyrocyon ("fire dog") is a genus of small carnivorous hyaenodontid that lived in North America during the early Eocene. Fossils of Pyrocyon have been found in Wyoming and Colorado.^[6] Weight of Pyrocyon dioctetus has been estimated at around 2.6 kilograms.^[7]

Phylogeny[]

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Pyrocyon are shown in the following cladogram.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

†Hyaenodonta

†

	†

	†Hyaenodonta sp. (Quarry L-41, Fayum, Egypt)

	†Lahimia

	†

	†

†

†

†Pyrocyon

	†Pyrocyon dioctetus

	†Pyrocyon strenuus

†

†Galecyon

	†

	†

†

	†

	†Tritemnodon

†

†

†

†Teratodontidae

†

†

†Orienspterodon

†

	†Hemipsalodon

?	†

†Akhnatenavus clade

†

	†

	†

†

†
	†Pterodontina

	†

†Falcatodon

†Sectisodon

	†Exiguodon

	†Isohyaenodon zadoki

†Isohyaenodon
(†Isohyaenodontina)

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi

	†Sivapterodon

	†Hyainailouros bugtiensis

†Hyainailouros napakensis

†Hyainailouros

	†Hyainailouros sulzeri

	†Hyainailourinae sp. (Arrdrift)

†Simbakubwa

	†

	†Metapterodontini

	†Megistotherium

	†

†

†

Hyainailouridae

†Lahimia clade

†Arfia clade

†Galecyon clade

†Indohyaenodon clade

†Tritemnodon clade

References[]

^ Gingerich, Philip D., and Harvey A. Deutsch (1989). "Systematics and evolution of early Eocene Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming". Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 27 (13): 327–391.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^ E. D. Cope. (1875.) "Systematic Catalogue of Vertebrata of the Eocene of New Mexico, Collected in 1874." Geographical Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, Engineer Department, U. S. Army 5-37
^ A. V. Lavrov (1999.) "Adaptive Radiation of Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) of Asia." in 6th Congress of the Theriological Society, Moscow, April 13–16, p. 138 [in Russian].
^ E. D. Cope (1882.) "Contributions to the history of the Vertebrata of the lower Eocene of Wyoming and New Mexico, made during 1881." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 20(111):139-197
^ L. Van Valen (1965.) "Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia)." Palaeontology 8(4):638-665
^ Paleobiology Database: Pyrocyon
^ Egi, Naoko (2001). "Body mass estimates in extinct mammals from limb bone dimensions: the case of North American hyaenodontids" (PDF). Palaeontology. 44 (3): 497–528. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00189.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^ Borths, Matthew R; Stevens, Nancy J (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.
^ Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222. S2CID 145972918.
^ Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
^ Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. S2CID 234848856.

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[1] Gingerich, Philip D., and Harvey A. Deutsch (1989). "Systematics and evolution of early Eocene Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming". Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 27 (13): 327–391.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

[2] E. D. Cope. (1875.) "Systematic Catalogue of Vertebrata of the Eocene of New Mexico, Collected in 1874." Geographical Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, Engineer Department, U. S. Army 5-37

[Lavrov1999-3] A. V. Lavrov (1999.) "Adaptive Radiation of Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) of Asia." in 6th Congress of the Theriological Society, Moscow, April 13–16, p. 138 [in Russian].

[4] E. D. Cope (1882.) "Contributions to the history of the Vertebrata of the lower Eocene of Wyoming and New Mexico, made during 1881." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 20(111):139-197

[5] L. Van Valen (1965.) "Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia)." Palaeontology 8(4):638-665

[pbd-6] Paleobiology Database: Pyrocyon

[7] Egi, Naoko (2001). "Body mass estimates in extinct mammals from limb bone dimensions: the case of North American hyaenodontids" (PDF). Palaeontology. 44 (3): 497–528. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00189.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

[Matthew2017-8] Borths, Matthew R; Stevens, Nancy J (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.

[Simbakubwa-9] Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222. S2CID 145972918.

[Geodiversitas4213-10] Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.

[hyaenodontsGeobios-11] Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. S2CID 234848856.

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Pyrocyon Temporal range: 55.8–50.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Wasatchian

lower jaw of Pyrocyon dioctetus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Hyaenodonta
Genus:	†Pyrocyon Gingerich & Deustch, 1989
Type species
†Pyrocyon dioctetus Gingerich & Deustch, 1989
Species
†Pyrocyon dioctetus (Gingerich & Deustch, 1989)^[1] †Pyrocyon strenuus (Cope, 1875)^[2]
Synonyms
synonyms of genus: Pirocyon (Lavrov, 1999)^[3] synonyms of species: P. strenuus: Prototomus strenuus (Cope, 1875) Stypolophus aculeatus (Cope, 1881) Stypolophus hians (Cope, 1877) Stypolophus strenuus (Cope, 1880) Stypolophus whiteae (Cope, 1882)^[4] Stypolophus whitiae (Cope, 1882) Sinopa aculeata (Matthew, 1899) Sinopa hians (Matthew, 1901) Sinopa strenua (Matthew, 1899) Sinopa strenuus (Matthew, 1901) Sinopa whitiae (Cope, 1882) Tritemnodon hians (Van Valen, 1965)^[5] Tritemnodon strenua (Van Valen, 1965) Tritemnodon strenuus (Van Valen, 1965) Tritemnodon whitiae (Matthew, 1906)