Limnocyon

Limnocyon; Temporal range: 50.5–39.7 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N middle Eocene
	Skull of Limnocyon verus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Hyaenodonta
Family:	†
Genus:	†Limnocyon; Marsh, 1872
Type species
	Limnocyon verus; Marsh, 1872
Species
	†Limnocyon cuspidens (Morlo & Gunnell, 2005); †Limnocyon potens (Matthew, 1909); †Limnocyon verus (Marsh, 1872);
Synonyms
	synonyms of genus: Telmatocyon (Marsh, 1899) ; synonyms of species: L. potens: Limnocyon douglassi (Peterson, 1919) ; Limnocyon protens (Kay, 1957) ; ; L. verus: Limnocyon riparius (Marsh, 1872) ; Oxyaenodon wortmani (Van Valen, 1966) ; Sinopa vera (Matthew, 1899) ; Sinopa verus (Matthew, 1901) ; Stypolophus verus ; Telmatocyon riparius (Marsh, 1899) ; Triacodon grandis (Marsh, 1872) ; Viverravus riparius (Marsh, 1872) ; ;

Limnocyon ("swamp dog") is a paraphyletic genus of hyaenodontid that lived in North America during the middle Eocene. Fossils of this animal have been found in California, Utah and Wyoming.^[7]

Description[]

Limnocyon was a small omnivorous hyaenodontid, with some estimates placing it at less than one kilogram in weight.^[7] Like other , Limnocyon had only two molars in the upper and lower dentition.^[1]

Phylogeny[]

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Limnocyon are shown in the following cladogram.^[8]^[1]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

†Hyaenodonta

†

	†

	†Hyaenodonta sp. (Quarry L-41, Fayum, Egypt)

	†Lahimia

†

	†

?	†

?	†

	†Limnocyon potens

	†Limnocyon cuspidens

	†Limnocyon verus

†

†

	†Prolimnocyon atavus

	†Prolimnocyon haematus

†Prolimnocyon antiquus

†Prolimnocyon chowi

†Prolimnocyon eerius

†

†

†

	†

	†Pyrocyon

†Galecyon

	†

	†

†

	†

	†Tritemnodon

†

†

†

†Teratodontidae

†

†

†Orienspterodon

†

	†Hemipsalodon

?	†

†Akhnatenavus clade

†

	†

	†

†

†
	†Pterodontina

	†

†Falcatodon

†Sectisodon

	†Exiguodon

	†Isohyaenodon zadoki

†Isohyaenodon
(†Isohyaenodontina)

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi

	†Sivapterodon

	†Hyainailouros bugtiensis

†Hyainailouros napakensis

†Hyainailouros

	†Hyainailouros sulzeri

	†Hyainailourinae sp. (Arrdrift)

†Simbakubwa

	†

	†Metapterodontini

	†Megistotherium

	†

†

†

Hyainailouridae

†Lahimia clade

†Limnocyon

†Prolimnocyon

†Arfia clade

†Galecyon clade

†Indohyaenodon clade

†Tritemnodon clade

References[]

^ ^a ^b ^c Michael Morlo and Gregg F. Gunnell (2005). "New Species of Limnocyon (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the Bridgerian (Middle Eocene)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (1): 251–255. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0251:nsolmc]2.0.co;2.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^ W. D. Matthew (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
^ O. C. Marsh (1872.) "Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Part I." American Journal of Science 4(20):122-128
^ J. Alroy (2002.) "Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals."
^ O. A. Peterson (1919.) "Report Upon the Material Discovered in the Upper Eocene of the Uinta Basin by Earl Douglas in the Years 1908-1909, and by O. A. Peterson in 1912." Annals of Carnegie Museum 12(2):40-168
^ L. Van Valen (1966.) "Deltatheridia, a new order of Mammals." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 132(1):1-126
^ ^a ^b Paleobiology Database: Limnocyon
^ M. Morlo & G. F. Gunnell (2003.) "Small Limnocyonines (Hyaenodontidae, Mammalia) From the Bridgerian Middle Eocene of Wyoming: Thinocyon, Prolimnocyon And Iridodon, New Genus." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 31(2):43-78
^ Borths, Matthew R; Stevens, Nancy J (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.
^ Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222. S2CID 145972918.
^ Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
^ Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. S2CID 234848856.

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[Morlo2005-1] Michael Morlo and Gregg F. Gunnell (2005). "New Species of Limnocyon (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the Bridgerian (Middle Eocene)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (1): 251–255. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0251:nsolmc]2.0.co;2.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

[2] W. D. Matthew (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567

[3] O. C. Marsh (1872.) "Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Part I." American Journal of Science 4(20):122-128

[4] J. Alroy (2002.) "Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals."

[5] O. A. Peterson (1919.) "Report Upon the Material Discovered in the Upper Eocene of the Uinta Basin by Earl Douglas in the Years 1908-1909, and by O. A. Peterson in 1912." Annals of Carnegie Museum 12(2):40-168

[6] L. Van Valen (1966.) "Deltatheridia, a new order of Mammals." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 132(1):1-126

[pbd-7] Paleobiology Database: Limnocyon

[Morlo2003-8] M. Morlo & G. F. Gunnell (2003.) "Small Limnocyonines (Hyaenodontidae, Mammalia) From the Bridgerian Middle Eocene of Wyoming: Thinocyon, Prolimnocyon And Iridodon, New Genus." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 31(2):43-78

[Matthew2017-9] Borths, Matthew R; Stevens, Nancy J (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.

[Simbakubwa-10] Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222. S2CID 145972918.

[Geodiversitas4213-11] Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.

[hyaenodontsGeobios-12] Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. S2CID 234848856.

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Limnocyon Temporal range: 50.5–39.7 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N middle Eocene

Skull of Limnocyon verus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Hyaenodonta
Family:	†
Genus:	†Limnocyon Marsh, 1872
Type species
Limnocyon verus Marsh, 1872
Species
†Limnocyon cuspidens (Morlo & Gunnell, 2005)^[1] †Limnocyon potens (Matthew, 1909)^[2] †Limnocyon verus (Marsh, 1872)^[3]
Synonyms^[4]
synonyms of genus: Telmatocyon (Marsh, 1899) synonyms of species: L. potens: Limnocyon douglassi (Peterson, 1919)^[5] Limnocyon protens (Kay, 1957) L. verus: Limnocyon riparius (Marsh, 1872) Oxyaenodon wortmani (Van Valen, 1966)^[6] Sinopa vera (Matthew, 1899) Sinopa verus (Matthew, 1901) Stypolophus verus Telmatocyon riparius (Marsh, 1899) Triacodon grandis (Marsh, 1872) Viverravus riparius (Marsh, 1872)