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January 2

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January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 363 days remain until the end of the year (364 in leap years).

Events[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 0069 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor.[1]
  • 0366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empire.[2]
  • 0533 – Mercurius becomes Pope John II, the first pope to adopt a new name upon elevation to the papacy.[3]
  • 1492 – Reconquista: The Emirate of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, surrenders.[4]

1601–1900[]

  • 1680 – Trunajaya rebellion: Amangkurat II of Mataram and his bodyguards execute the rebel leader Trunajaya[5]
  • 1777 – American Revolutionary War: American forces under the command of George Washington repulsed a British attack at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek near Trenton, New Jersey.[6]
  • 1788 – Georgia becomes the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution.[7]
  • 1791 – Big Bottom massacre in the Ohio Country, North America, marking the beginning of the Northwest Indian War.[8]
  • 1818 – The British Institution of Civil Engineers is founded by a group of six engineers; Thomas Telford would later become its first president.[9]
  • 1865 – Uruguayan War: The Siege of Paysandú ends as the Brazilians and Coloradans capture Paysandú, Uruguay.[10]
  • 1900 – American statesman and diplomat John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China.[11]
  • 1900 – Chicago Canal opens.[12]

1901–present[]

  • 1920 – The second Palmer Raid, ordered by the US Department of Justice, results in 6,000 suspected communists and anarchists being arrested and held without trial.[13]
  • 1921 – World premiere of the science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek R.U.R. in theater in Hradec Králové.[14]
  • 1941 – World War II: The Cardiff Blitz severely damages the cathedral in Cardiff, Wales.[15]
  • 1942 – The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) obtains the conviction of 33 members of a German spy ring headed by Fritz Joubert Duquesne in the largest espionage case in United States history—the Duquesne Spy Ring.[16]
  • 1942 – World War II: Manila is captured by Japanese forces, enabling them to control the Philippines.[17]
  • 1949 – Luis Muñoz Marín is inaugurated as the first democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico.[18]
  • 1954 – India establishes its highest civilian awards, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan.[19]
  • 1955 – Following the assassination of the Panamanian president José Antonio Remón Cantera, his deputy, José Ramón Guizado, takes power, but is quickly deposed after his involvement in Cantera's death is discovered.[20]
  • 1959 – Luna 1, the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon and to orbit the Sun, is launched by the Soviet Union.[21]
  • 1963 – Vietnam War: The Viet Cong wins its first major victory, at the Battle of Ap Bac.[22]
  • 1967 – Ronald Reagan, past movie actor and future President of the United States, is sworn in as Governor of California.[23]
  • 1971 – The second Ibrox disaster kills 66 fans at a Rangers-Celtic association football (soccer) match.[24]
  • 1974 – United States President Richard Nixon signs a bill lowering the maximum U.S. speed limit to 55 MPH in order to conserve gasoline during an OPEC embargo.[25]
  • 1975 – At the opening of a new railway line, a bomb blast at Samastipur, Bihar, India, fatally wounds Lalit Narayan Mishra, Minister of Railways.[26]
  • 1975 – The Federal Rules of Evidence are approved by the United States Congress.[27]
  • 1976 – The Gale of January 1976 begins, resulting in coastal flooding around the southern North Sea coasts, affecting countries from Ireland to Yugoslavia and causing at least 82 deaths and US$1.3 billion in damage.[28]
  • 1978 – On the orders of the President of Pakistan, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, paramilitary forces opened fire on peaceful protesting workers in Multan, Pakistan; it is known as 1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills.[29]
  • 1981 – One of the largest investigations by a British police force ends when serial killer Peter Sutcliffe, the "Yorkshire Ripper", is arrested in Sheffield, South Yorkshire.[30]
  • 1991 – Sharon Pratt Kelly becomes the first African American woman mayor of a major city and first woman Mayor of the District of Columbia.[31]
  • 1993 – Sri Lankan Civil War: The Sri Lanka Navy kill 35–100 civilians on the Jaffna Lagoon.[32]
  • 2004 – Stardust successfully flies past Comet Wild 2, collecting samples that are returned to Earth.[33]

Births[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 0869 – Yōzei, Japanese emperor (d. 949)[34]
  • 1462 – Piero di Cosimo, Italian painter (d. 1522)[35]
  • 1509 – Henry of Stolberg, German nobleman (d. 1572)[36]

1601–1900[]

  • 1642 – Mehmed IV, Ottoman sultan (d. 1693)[37]
  • 1647 – Nathaniel Bacon, English-American rebel leader (d. 1676)[38]
  • 1699 – Osman III, Ottoman sultan (d. 1757)[39]
  • 1713 – Marie Dumesnil, French actress (d. 1803)[40]
  • 1727 – James Wolfe, English general (d. 1759)[41]
  • 1732 – František Brixi, Czech organist and composer (d. 1771)[42]
  • 1777 – Christian Daniel Rauch, German sculptor and educator (d. 1857)[43]
  • 1803 – Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja, Italian mathematician and academic (d. 1869)[44]
  • 1822 – Rudolf Clausius, Polish-German physicist and mathematician (d. 1888)[45]
  • 1827 – Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, Russian geographer and statistician (d. 1914)[46]
  • 1833 – Frederick A. Johnson, American banker and politician (d. 1893)[47]
  • 1836 – Mendele Mocher Sforim, Russian author (d. 1917)[48]
  • 1836 – Queen Emma of Hawaii (d. 1885)[49]
  • 1837 – Mily Balakirev, Russian pianist and composer (d. 1910)[50]
  • 1857 – M. Carey Thomas, American educator and activist (d. 1935)[51]
  • 1860 – Dugald Campbell Patterson, Canadian engineer (d. 1931)[52]
  • 1860 – William Corless Mills, American historian and curator (d. 1928)[53]
  • 1866 – Gilbert Murray, Australian-English playwright and scholar (d. 1957)[54]
  • 1870 – Ernst Barlach, German sculptor and playwright (d. 1938)[55]
  • 1870 – Tex Rickard, American boxing promoter and businessman (d. 1929)[56]
  • 1873 – Antonie Pannekoek, Dutch astronomer and theorist (d. 1960)[57]
  • 1873 – Thérèse of Lisieux, French nun and saint (d. 1897)[58]
  • 1878 – Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai, Indian activist, founded the Nair Service Society (d. 1970)[59]
  • 1884 – Ben-Zion Dinur, Russian-Israeli historian and politician, 4th Israeli Minister of Education (d. 1973)[60]
  • 1885 – Gordon Flowerdew, Canadian lieutenant, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1918)[61]
  • 1886 – Apsley Cherry-Garrard, English explorer and author (d. 1959)[62]
  • 1889 – Bertram Stevens, Australian accountant and politician, 25th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1973)[63]
  • 1891 – Giovanni Michelucci, Italian architect and urban planner, designed the Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station (d. 1990)[64]
  • 1892 – Seiichiro Kashio, Japanese tennis player (d. 1962)[65]
  • 1895 – Folke Bernadotte, Swedish diplomat (d. 1948)[66]
  • 1896 – Dziga Vertov, Polish-Russian director and screenwriter (d. 1954)[67]
  • 1896 – Lawrence Wackett, Australian commander and engineer (d. 1982)[68]
  • 1897 – Theodore Plucknett, English legal historian (d. 1965)[69]
  • 1900 – Una Ledingham, British physician, known for research on diabetes in pregnancy (d. 1965)[70]

1901–present[]

  • 1901 – Bob Marshall, American activist, co-founded The Wilderness Society (d. 1939)[71]
  • 1902 – Dan Keating, Irish Republican Army volunteer (d. 2007)[72]
  • 1903 – Kane Tanaka, Japanese supercentenarian, oldest verified living person[73]
  • 1904 – Walter Heitler, German physicist and chemist (d. 1981)[74]
  • 1905 – Luigi Zampa, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 1991)[75]
  • 1905 – Michael Tippett, English composer and conductor (d. 1998)[76]
  • 1909 – Barry Goldwater, American politician, businessman, and author (d. 1998)[77]
  • 1909 – Riccardo Cassin, Italian mountaineer and author (d. 2009)[78]
  • 1913 – Anna Lee, English-American actress (d. 2004)[79]
  • 1913 – Juanita Jackson Mitchell, American lawyer and activist (d. 1992)[80]
  • 1917 – Vera Zorina, German-Norwegian actress and dancer (d. 2003)[81]
  • 1918 – Willi Graf, German physician and activist (d. 1943)[82]
  • 1919 – Ernest Bender, American Indologist (d. 1996)[83]
  • 1919 – Beatrice Hicks, American engineer (d. 1979)[84]
  • 1920(probable) – Isaac Asimov, American writer and professor of biochemistry (d. 1992)[85]
  • 1921 – Glen Harmon, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007)[86]
  • 1926 – Gino Marchetti, American football player (d. 2019)[87]
  • 1928 – Dan Rostenkowski, American politician (d. 2010)[88]
  • 1929 – Tellervo Koivisto, Finnish politician, former First Lady of Finland[89]
  • 1931 – Toshiki Kaifu, Japanese lawyer and politician, 76th Prime Minister of Japan[90]
  • 1934 – John Hollowbread, English footballer, goalkeeper (d. 2007)[91]
  • 1936 – Roger Miller, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor (d. 1992)[92]
  • 1938 – David Bailey, English photographer and painter[93]
  • 1938 – Lynn Conway, American computer scientist and electrical engineer[94]
  • 1938 – Robert Smithson, American sculptor and photographer (d. 1973)[95]
  • 1940 – Jim Bakker, American televangelist[96]
  • 1940 – Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabian economist and politician, Saudi Arabian Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2015)[97]
  • 1942 – Dennis Hastert, American educator and politician, 59th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
  • 1942 – Thomas Hammarberg, Swedish lawyer and diplomat[98]
  • 1943 – Janet Akyüz Mattei, Turkish-American astronomer (d. 2004)[99]
  • 1944 – Charlie Davis, Trinidadian cricketer[100]
  • 1944 – Norodom Ranariddh, Cambodian field marshal and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Cambodia (d. 2021)[101]
  • 1944 – Péter Eötvös, Hungarian composer and conductor[102]
  • 1947 – Calvin Hill, American football player[103]
  • 1947 – David Shapiro, American poet, historian, and critic[104]
  • 1947 – Jack Hanna, American zoologist and author[105]
  • 1949 – Christopher Durang, American playwright and screenwriter[106]
  • 1949 – Iris Marion Young, American political scientist and academic (d. 2006)[107]
  • 1952 – Indulis Emsis, Latvian biologist and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Latvia[108]
  • 1954 – Henry Bonilla, American broadcaster and politician[109]
  • 1954 – Évelyne Trouillot, Haitian playwright and author[110]
  • 1961 – Craig James, American football player and sportscaster[111]
  • 1961 – Gabrielle Carteris, American actress[112]
  • 1961 – Paula Hamilton, English model [113]
  • 1961 – Robert Wexler, American lawyer and politician[114]
  • 1963 – David Cone, American baseball player and sportscaster[115]
  • 1963 – Edgar Martínez, American baseball player[116]
  • 1964 – Pernell Whitaker, American boxer (d. 2019)[117]
  • 1965 – Francois Pienaar, South African rugby player[118]
  • 1967 – Jón Gnarr, Icelandic actor and politician; 20th Mayor of Reykjavik City[119]
  • 1967 – Tia Carrere, American actress[120]
  • 1968 – Anky van Grunsven, Dutch dressage champion[121]
  • 1968 – Cuba Gooding, Jr., American actor and producer[122]
  • 1969 – Christy Turlington, American model[123]
  • 1969 – István Bagyula, Hungarian pole vaulter[124]
  • 1969 – William Fox-Pitt, English horse rider and journalist[125]
  • 1970 – Eric Whitacre, American composer and conductor[126]
  • 1971 – Renée Elise Goldsberry, American actress[127]
  • 1971 – Taye Diggs, American actor and singer[128]
  • 1972 – Mattias Norström, Swedish ice hockey player and manager[129]
  • 1972 – Rodney MacDonald, Canadian educator and politician, 26th Premier of Nova Scotia[130]
  • 1972 – Shiraz Minwalla, Indian theoretical physicist and string theorist[131]
  • 1974 – Ludmila Formanová, Czech runner[132]
  • 1974 – Tomáš Řepka, Czech footballer[133]
  • 1975 – Reuben Thorne, New Zealand rugby player[134]
  • 1977 – Brian Boucher, American ice hockey player and sportscaster[135]
  • 1977 – Stefan Koubek, Austrian tennis player[136]
  • 1979 – Jonathan Greening, English footballer[137]
  • 1981 – Maxi Rodríguez, Argentinian footballer[138]
  • 1983 – Kate Bosworth, American actress[139]
  • 1987 – Robert Milsom, English footballer[137]
  • 1988 – Damien Tussac, French-German rugby player[140]
  • 1992 – Paulo Gazzaniga, Argentinian footballer[91]
  • 1992 – Korbin Sims, Australian-Fijian rugby league player[141]
  • 1998 – Timothy Fosu-Mensah, Dutch footballer[137]
  • 1999 – Fernando Tatís Jr., American baseball player[142]

Deaths[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 951 – Liu Chengyou, Emperor Yin of the Later Han[143]
  • 951 – Su Fengji, Chinese official and chancellor[143]
  • 1096 – William de St-Calais, Bishop of Durham and chief counsellor of William II of England[144]
  • 1169 – Bertrand de Blanchefort, sixth Grand Master of the Knights Templar (b. c. 1109)[145]
  • 1184 – Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria, daughter of Andronikos Komnenos[146]
  • 1298 – Lodomer, Hungarian prelate, Archbishop of Esztergom[147]
  • 1470 – Heinrich Reuß von Plauen, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order[148]
  • 1512 – Svante Nilsson, Sweden politician (b. 1460)[149]
  • 1514 – William Smyth, English bishop and academic (b. 1460)[150]
  • 1543 – Francesco Canova da Milano, Italian composer (b. 1497)[151]
  • 1557 – Pontormo, Italian painter and educator (b. 1494)[152]

1601–1900[]

  • 1613 – Salima Sultan Begum, Empress of the Mughal Empire (b. 1539)[153]
  • 1614 – Luisa Carvajal y Mendoza, Spanish mystical poet and Catholic martyr (b. 1566)[154]
  • 1726 – Domenico Zipoli, Italian organist and composer (b. 1688)[155]
  • 1763 – John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, English statesman (b. 1690)[156]
  • 1850 – Manuel de la Peña y Peña, Mexican lawyer and 20th President (1847) (b. 1789)[157]
  • 1861 – Frederick William IV of Prussia (b. 1795)[158]
  • 1892 – George Biddell Airy, English mathematician and astronomer (b. 1801)[159]

1901–present[]

  • 1904 – James Longstreet, American general and diplomat (b. 1821)[160]
  • 1913 – Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855)[161]
  • 1915 – Karl Goldmark, Hungarian violinist and composer (b. 1830)[60]
  • 1917 – Léon Flameng, French cyclist (b. 1877)[162]
  • 1920 – Paul Adam, French author (b. 1862)[163]
  • 1924 – Sabine Baring-Gould, English author and scholar (b. 1834)[164]
  • 1939 – Roman Dmowski, Polish politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1864)[165]
  • 1941 – Mischa Levitzki, Russian-American pianist and composer (b. 1898)[166]
  • 1946 – Joe Darling, Australian cricketer and politician (b. 1870)[167]
  • 1950 – James Dooley, Irish-Australian politician, 21st Premier of New South Wales (b. 1877)[168]
  • 1951 – William Campion, English colonel and politician, 21st Governor of Western Australia (b. 1870)[169]
  • 1951 – Edith New, English militant suffragette (b. 1877)[170]
  • 1953 – Guccio Gucci, Italian businessman and fashion designer, founder of Gucci (b. 1881)[171]
  • 1960 – Paul Sauvé, Canadian lawyer and politician, 17th Premier of Quebec (b. 1907)[172]
  • 1963 – Dick Powell, American actor, singer, and director (b. 1904)[173]
  • 1963 – Jack Carson, Canadian-American actor (b. 1910)[173]
  • 1974 – Tex Ritter, American actor (b. 1905)[174]
  • 1975 – Siraj Sikder, Bangladesh revolutionary leader (b. 1944)[175]
  • 1977 – Erroll Garner, American pianist and composer (b. 1921)[176]
  • 1986 – Una Merkel, American actress (b. 1903)[177]
  • 1987 – Harekrushna Mahatab, Indian journalist and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Odisha (b. 1899)[178]
  • 1989 – Safdar Hashmi, Indian actor, director, and playwright (b. 1954)[179]
  • 1990 – Alan Hale Jr., American film and television actor (b. 1921)[180]
  • 1990 – Evangelos Averoff, Greek historian and politician, Greek Minister for National Defence (b. 1910)[180]
  • 1994 – Dixy Lee Ray, American biologist and politician; 17th Governor of Washington (b. 1914)[181]
  • 1994 – Pierre-Paul Schweitzer, French lawyer and businessman (b. 1915)[182]
  • 1995 – Nancy Kelly, American actress (b. 1921)[183]
  • 1995 – Siad Barre, Somalian general and politician; 3rd President of Somalia (b. 1919)[184]
  • 1999 – Rolf Liebermann, Swiss-French composer and manager (b. 1910)[185]
  • 1999 – Sebastian Haffner, German journalist and author (b. 1907)[186]
  • 2000 – Elmo Zumwalt, American admiral (b. 1920)[187]
  • 2000 – Patrick O'Brian, English author and translator (b. 1914)[188]
  • 2001 – William P. Rogers, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 55th United States Secretary of State (b. 1913)[189]
  • 2005 – Maclyn McCarty, American geneticist and physician (b. 1911)[190]
  • 2006 – Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, Filipino lawyer and jurist (b. 1913)[191]
  • 2006 – Osa Massen, Danish-American actress (b. 1914) [192]
  • 2007 – A. Richard Newton, Australian-American engineer and academic (b. 1951)
  • 2007 – Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, American historian and author (b. 1941)[193]
  • 2007 – Teddy Kollek, Hungarian-Israeli politician, Mayor of Jerusalem (b. 1911)[194]
  • 2008 – George MacDonald Fraser, Scottish journalist and author (b. 1925)[195]
  • 2008 – Lee S. Dreyfus, American sailor, academic, and politician, 40th Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1926)
  • 2009 – Inger Christensen, Danish poet and author (b. 1935)[196]
  • 2009 – Dnyaneshwar Agashe, Indian businessman and cricketer (b. 1942)
  • 2010 – David R. Ross, Scottish historian and author (b. 1958)[197]
  • 2011 – Anne Francis, American actress (b. 1930)[198]
  • 2011 – Bali Ram Bhagat, Indian politician; 16th Governor of Rajasthan (b. 1922)[199]
  • 2011 – Pete Postlethwaite, English actor (b. 1946)[200]
  • 2012 – Gordon Hirabayashi, American-Canadian sociologist and academic (b. 1918)[201]
  • 2012 – Silvana Gallardo, American actress and producer (b. 1953)[202]
  • 2012 – William P. Carey, American businessman and philanthropist, founded W. P. Carey (b. 1930)[203]
  • 2013 – Gerda Lerner, Austrian-American historian, author, and academic (b. 1920)[204]
  • 2013 – Teresa Torańska, Polish journalist and author (b. 1944)[205]
  • 2014 – Bernard Glasser, American director and producer (b. 1924)[206]
  • 2014 – Elizabeth Jane Howard, English author and screenwriter (b. 1923)[207]
  • 2015 – Tihomir Novakov, Serbian-American physicist and academic (b. 1929)[208]
  • 2016 – Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1924)[209]
  • 2016 – Frances Cress Welsing, American psychiatrist and author (b. 1935)[210]
  • 2016 – Nimr al-Nimr, Saudi Arabian religious leader (b. 1959)[211]
  • 2016 – Gisela Mota Ocampo, mayor of Temixco, Morelos, Mexico, assassinated (b. 1982)[212]
  • 2017 – Jean Vuarnet, French ski racer (b. 1933)[213]
  • 2017 – John Berger, English art critic, novelist and painter (b. 1926)[214]
  • 2018 – Guida Maria, Portuguese actress (b. 1950)[215]
  • 2018 – Thomas S. Monson, American religious leader, 16th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1927)[216]
  • 2019 – Daryl Dragon, American musician (b. 1942)[217]
  • 2019 – Bob Einstein, American actor and comedian (b. 1942)[218]
  • 2019 – Gene Okerlund, American wrestling announcer (b. 1942)[219]

Holidays and observances[]

  • Ancestry Day (Haiti)
  • Berchtold's Day (Switzerland and Liechtenstein)
  • Carnival Day (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
  • Christian feast day:
  • Nyinlong (Bhutan)
  • The first day of Blacks and Whites' Carnival, celebrated until January 7. (southern Colombia)
  • The first day of the Carnival of Riosucio, celebrated until January 8 every 2 years. (Riosucio)
  • The ninth of the Twelve Days of Christmas (Western Christianity)
  • The second day of New Year (a holiday in Kazakhstan, North Macedonia, Mauritius, Montenegro, New Zealand, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine):
    • New Year Holiday (Scotland), if it is a Sunday, the day moves to January 3
    • Kaapse Klopse (Cape Town, South Africa)
  • Victory of Armed Forces Day (Cuba)

References[]

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  6. ^ Ketchum, Richard (1999). The Winter Soldiers: The Battles for Trenton and Princeton. Holt Paperbacks; 1st Owl books ed edition. ISBN 0-8050-6098-7.
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