Jumla District

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Jumla District जुम्ला जिल्ला
District
Aerial view of Sinja Valley
Location of Jumla District (dark yellow) in Karnali Province of Nepal.
Coordinates: 29°16′31″N 82°11′00″E / 29.275278°N 82.183333°E / 29.275278; 82.183333
Country	Nepal
Province	Karnali Pradesh
Admin HQ.	Jumla
Municipality	show List Urban Chandannath Rural Kankasundari Sinja Hima Tila Guthichaur Tatopani Patarasi
Government [1]
• Type	Coordination committee
• Body	DCC, Jumla
• Parliamentary constituencies	1 seats show List Jumla 1
• Provincial constituencies	2 seats show List
Area
• Total	2,531 km2 (977 sq mi)
Highest elevation	4,679 m (15,351 ft)
Lowest elevation	915 m (3,002 ft)
Population  (2011)[2]
• Total	108,921
• Density	43/km2 (110/sq mi)
Demographics
• Ethnic groups	Chetri, Bahun, Thakuri
• Female ♀	50%
Human Development Index
• Literacy	55%
Time zone	UTC+05:45 (NPT)
Postal Codes	21200, 21202, 21204, 21205..., 21209
Telephone Code	087
Main Language(s)	Nepali
Major highways	Karnali
Website	daojumla.moha.gov.np ddcjumla.gov.np

Jumla Bazaar from Twin Otter Aeroplane

Jumla District (Nepali: जुम्ला जिल्लाListen (help·info)), is one of the ten districts of the Karnali province of Nepal. This district has Jumla as its headquarters, an area of 2,531 square kilometres (977 sq mi); it had populations of 89,427 and 108,921, respectively, in the national censuses of 2001 and 2011.^[3] Its territory lies between longitudes 81⁰ 28' and 82⁰ 18' East, and between latitudes 28⁰ 58' and 29⁰ 30' North.^[4]

Crowd on last day of Jatra, Krishna Janmashtami in Jumla Bazaar

The Nepali language (then known as Khas language) originated in the Sinja Valley. Sinja was the capital of Khas Kingdom, and the dialect called "Khas Bhasa" is still spoken among that region's people.^[5]

History[]

Khasa Kingdom[]

Jumla was a part of Khasa kingdom during the 11th to 13th century. After 13th-century, Khasa Kingdom collapsed and divided into Baise Rajya (22 principalities) in the Karnali-Bheri region and the Kingdom of Jumla was one of them.

Kingdom of Jumla[]

The Jumla Kingdom was one of the many kingdoms that dotted Nepal before its reunification by King Prithvi Narayan Shah of Gorkha and later by his younger son Bahadur Shah. The kingdom was founded around 1404 when Baliraja, who married the daughter of the last ruler of the Yatse (Malla) Kingdom, succeeded his father-in-law.^[6] It was one of the most powerful kingdoms in western Nepal, being one of the 22 Baise principalities of the Karnali region which had once been part of the larger Yatse Kingdom. After centuries of intermittent warfare, it appropriated the kingdom of Mustang in 1760.^[7] In the late 18th century the Jumla kingdom successfully defended itself against the first attack by King Prithivi Narayan Shah, and legend even has it that he got injured in the battle. Later, with the help of the kingdoms surrounding Jumla, Bahadur Shah attacked again and annexed Jumla for the Gorkha kings in 1789.^[8] The Jumla kings were Thakuris (Sijapati, Malla, Shahi) like the Gorkha Kings.

The Jumla Kingdom belonged to the more extensive pre-unification kingdoms in Nepal. At the height of its power it extended from Mustang in the east to present-day Uttarakhand, a state in modern-day India, territory that the Kingdom of Nepal lost to the East India Company in 1816 during the partition of Nepal.^[9] The Jumla kings belonged to the Kalyal dynasty, linked to the Mewar clan of Rajasthan, India. There have also been marriages between the Jumla royal family and the Shah's royal family of Nepal. The direct descendants of the erstwhile Jumla royal family include Nepali Film legend Nir Shah, Former Director-General of Nepal Electricity Authority Harish Chandra Shah, DIGP (Retd) Sher Bahadur Shah, Colonel Nepal Army (Retd.) Bhim Bahadur Shah and AIGP (Retd.) of Nepal Police, Surendra Bahadur Shah.

Kings of Jumla[]

The kings of Jumla, post-1400:^[10]

• Baliraja 1404-1445
• Vaksaraja 1445-? (son)
• Vijayaraja (son)
• Visesaraja fl. 1498 (son)
• Vibhogaraja (?)
• Matiraja (?)
• Sahiraja (?)
• Bhanasahi c. 1529-90 (son)
• Saimalsahi c. 1590-1599 (son)
• Vasantaraja 1599-1602 (son)
• Visekaraja 1599-1602 (brother)
• Vikramasahi 1602-c. 1635 (brother)
• Bahadurasahi c. 1635-65 (son)
• Virabhadrasahi 1665-75
• Prithvipatisahi 1676-1719 (son)
• Surathasahi 1719-40 (son)
• Sudarasanasahi 1740-c. 1758 (son)
• Suryabhanasahi c. 1758-89 (son)

Geography and Climate[]

Geographically, Jumla is a Himalayan mountainous region of which elevations ranges from 915 metres (3,002 ft) to 4,679 metres (15,351 ft). The Higher Himalayan Region consists of Patarasi and Kanjirowa Himalayan ranges. The major rivers in Jumla are Hima, Tila and Jawa.^[11]

Demographics[]

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Jumla District had a population of 108,921. Of these, 98.6% spoke Nepali and 0.6% Tamang as their first language.^[13]

Khas Chhetri is the largest community in the district which is 60.2% of the population. Hill Brahmins are 10.9%, Thakuri and Kami are 7.4%, Sarki 7.05%, Damai 2.5%, Sanyasi and Tamang are 1.1% of the population.^[13]

Divisions[]

On 10 March 2017 Government of Nepal restricted old administrative structures and announced 744 new local level units (9 added later) as per the new constitution of Nepal 2015,^[14]

According to new structure Jumla district is divided into 1 municipality (urban) and 7 rural municipality:

Municipalities[]

• Chandannath (UM)
• Kankasundari (RM)
• Sinja (RM)
• Hima (RM)
• Tila (RM)
• Guthichaur (RM)
• Tatopani (RM)
• Patarasi (RM)

Note: UM=Urban Municipality, RM=Rural Municipality

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jumla District.

Coordinates: 29°16′31″N 82°11′00″E / 29.27528°N 82.18333°E / 29.27528; 82.18333