Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB2gene.[3][4][5]
This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain, and two to four cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). The receptor is expressed on immune cells where it binds to MHC class I molecules on antigen-presenting cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response. It is thought to control inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity to help focus the immune response and limit autoreactivity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[5]
LILBR2 plays a critical role in the inhibition of axonal regeneration and functional recovery after brain injury.[6] However, recent studies demonstrate that LILRB2 is a β-Amyloid receptor and may contribute to synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. [7][8]
^Samaridis J, Colonna M (March 1997). "Cloning of novel immunoglobulin superfamily receptors expressed on human myeloid and lymphoid cells: structural evidence for new stimulatory and inhibitory pathways". European Journal of Immunology. 27 (3): 660–665. doi:10.1002/eji.1830270313. PMID9079806. S2CID2212182.
^Lao K, Zhang R, Dai Y, Luan J, Guo N, Xu X, et al. (July 2021). "Identification of novel Aβ-LilrB2 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease". Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences. 114: 103630. doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103630. PMID34029694.
^Colonna M, Samaridis J, Cella M, Angman L, Allen RL, O'Callaghan CA, et al. (April 1998). "Human myelomonocytic cells express an inhibitory receptor for classical and nonclassical MHC class I molecules". Journal of Immunology. 160 (7): 3096–3100. PMID9531263.
Further reading[]
Suciu-Foca N, Cortesini R (July 2007). "Central role of ILT3 in the T suppressor cell cascade". Cellular Immunology. 248 (1): 59–67. doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.01.013. PMID17923119.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–174. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID8125298.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–156. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID9373149.
Colonna M, Samaridis J, Cella M, Angman L, Allen RL, O'Callaghan CA, et al. (April 1998). "Human myelomonocytic cells express an inhibitory receptor for classical and nonclassical MHC class I molecules". Journal of Immunology. 160 (7): 3096–3100. PMID9531263.
Borges L, Hsu ML, Fanger N, Kubin M, Cosman D (December 1997). "A family of human lymphoid and myeloid Ig-like receptors, some of which bind to MHC class I molecules". Journal of Immunology. 159 (11): 5192–5196. PMID9548455.
Lepin EJ, Bastin JM, Allan DS, Roncador G, Braud VM, Mason DY, et al. (December 2000). "Functional characterization of HLA-F and binding of HLA-F tetramers to ILT2 and ILT4 receptors". European Journal of Immunology. 30 (12): 3552–3561. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200012)30:12<3552::AID-IMMU3552>3.0.CO;2-L. PMID11169396.
Young NT, Canavez F, Uhrberg M, Shum BP, Parham P (2001). "Conserved organization of the ILT/LIR gene family within the polymorphic human leukocyte receptor complex". Immunogenetics. 53 (4): 270–278. doi:10.1007/s002510100332. PMID11491530. S2CID2819935.
Chang CC, Ciubotariu R, Manavalan JS, Yuan J, Colovai AI, Piazza F, et al. (March 2002). "Tolerization of dendritic cells by T(S) cells: the crucial role of inhibitory receptors ILT3 and ILT4". Nature Immunology. 3 (3): 237–243. doi:10.1038/ni760. PMID11875462. S2CID35400503.
Papanikolaou NA, Vasilescu ER, Suciu-Foca N (July 2004). "Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human immune inhibitory immunoglobulin-like T cell receptor type 4". Human Immunology. 65 (7): 700–705. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2004.04.003. PMID15301858.
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PDB gallery
2dyp: Crystal Structure of LILRB2(LIR2/ILT4/CD85d) complexed with HLA-G
2gw5: Crystal Structure of LIR-2 (ILT4) at 1.8 : differences from LIR-1 (ILT2) in regions implicated in the binding of the Cytomegalovirus class I MHC homolog UL18
External links[]
LILRB2+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
LILRB2 human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser.
LILRB2 human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.