List of Ranunculales of South Africa
Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants in the eudicots. It is the most basal clade in this group – it is the sister taxon to the remaining eudicots. The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[1]
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[2] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[3]
The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[4]
Five families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.
Berberidaceae[]
Family: Berberidaceae,[4]
Berberis[]
Genus Berberis:[4]
- Berberis aristata DC. not indigenous, naturalised
- Berberis julianae C.K.Schneid. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
- Berberis thunbergii DC. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Mahonia[]
- Mahonia oiwakensis Hayata, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Nandina[]
Genus Nandina:[4]
- Nandina domestica Thunb. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Fumariaceae[]
Family: Fumariaceae,[4]
Cysticapnos[]
Genus Cysticapnos:[4]
- (Cham. & Schltdl.) Liden, endemic
- Bernh. accepted as (L.) Fedde subsp. vesicaria, present
- Liden, accepted as (L.) Fedde subsp. namaquensis J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- (Bernh.) Liden, indigenous
- (L.) Fedde, indigenous
- Cysticapnos vesicaria (L.) Fedde forma brevilobus Fedde, accepted as (L.) Fedde subsp. vesicaria, present
- Cysticapnos vesicaria (L.) Fedde forma longilobus Fedde, accepted as (L.) Fedde subsp. vesicaria, present
- Cysticapnos vesicaria (L.) Fedde subsp. namaquensis J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenous
- Cysticapnos vesicaria (L.) Fedde subsp. vesicaria, indigenous
Discocapnos[]
Genus Discocapnos:[4]
- Cham. & Schltdl. endemic
- Discocapnos mundii Cham. & Schltdl. subsp. dregei (Harv.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Discocapnos mundii Cham. & Schltdl. subsp. mundii, indigenous
Fumaria[]
- Fumaria capreolata L. not indigenous, naturalised
- Fumaria muralis Sond. ex W.D.J.Koch subsp. muralis, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Fumaria parviflora Lam. var. parviflora, not indigenous, naturalised
Phacocapnos[]
Genus :[4]
- Bernh. accepted as (Cham. & Schltdl.) Liden, present
Trigonocapnos[]
Genus Trigonocapnos:[4]
- Schltr. accepted as (Cham. & Schltdl.) Liden, present
- (Cham. & Schltdl.) Liden, endemic
Menispermaceae[]
Family: Menispermaceae,[4]
Albertisia[]
Genus Albertisia:[4]
- (N.E.Br.) Forman, indigenous
Antizoma[]
Genus Antizoma:[4]
- (Burch.) Miers ex Harv. indigenous
- Harv. indigenous
Cissampelos[]
Genus Cissampelos:[4]
- L.f. indigenous
- Klotzsch, indigenous
- A.Rich. indigenous
- E.Mey. ex Harv. indigenous
Cocculus[]
Genus Cocculus:[4]
- Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels, not indigenous, naturalised
Stephania[]
- Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp. indigenous
- Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp. var. abyssinica, indigenous
- Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp. var. tomentella (Oliv.) Diels, indigenous
Tiliacora[]
Genus Tiliacora:[4]
- (Miers) Oliv. indigenous
Tinospora[]
Genus Tinospora:[4]
- (Miers) Troupin, indigenous
- (I.Verd.) I.Verd. & Troupin, indigenous
- Tinospora fragosa (I.Verd.) I.Verd. & Troupin subsp. fragosa, indigenous
- Miers, indigenous
Papaveraceae[]
- Family: Papaveraceae,[4]
Argemone[]
- Argemone albiflora Hornem. subsp. texana G.B.Ownbey, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Argemone mexicana L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Argemone mexicana L. forma mexicana, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Argemone ochroleuca Sweet, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Argemone ochroleuca Sweet subsp. ochroleuca, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Bocconia[]
Genus Bocconia:[4]
- Bocconia frutescens L. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Eschscholzia[]
Genus Eschscholzia:[4]
- Eschscholzia californica Cham. subsp. californica, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Glaucium[]
- Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rudolph, not indigenous, naturalised
Papaver[]
Genus Papaver:[4]
- Thunb. indigenous
- Papaver argemone L. not indigenous, naturalised
- Papaver hybridum L. not indigenous, naturalised
- Papaver rhoeas L. not indigenous, naturalised
Ranunculaceae[]
- Family: Ranunculaceae,[4]
Adonis[]
- L. accepted as Burtt Davy, indigenous
- L.f. accepted as (L.f.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt subsp. filia, indigenous
- L.f. accepted as (L.f.) Prantl subsp. vesicatoria, indigenous
Anamenia[]
Genus :[4]
- (L.f.) Hoffmanns. accepted as Burtt Davy, indigenous
- Vent. accepted as Burtt Davy, indigenous
Anemone[]
Genus Anemone:[4]
- E.Mey. ex Pritz. accepted as (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. indigenous
- Anemone alchemillifolia E.Mey. ex Pritz. var. caffra (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Huth, accepted as (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. indigenous
- Anemone alchemillifolia E.Mey. ex Pritz. var. grandiflora Huth, accepted as (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. indigenous
- Anemone alchemillifolia E.Mey. ex Pritz. var. schlechteriana Huth, accepted as (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. indigenous
- (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenous
- Anemone anemonoides (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt subsp. anemonoides, endemic
- Anemone anemonoides (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt subsp. tenuis (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblat, endemic
- Steud. accepted as (L.f.) DC.
- (Harv. ex J.Zahlbr.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- (Szyszyl.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. endemic
- Anemone caffra (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. var. pondoensis Ulbr. accepted as (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. indigenous
- (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy, accepted as (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy var. transvaalensis, indigenous
- (L.) DC. accepted as (L.f.) DC.
- Lam. accepted as (L.f.) DC. indigenous
- (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Harv. ex Mast. indigenous
- Anemone fanninii Harv. ex Mast. var. mafubensis Beauverd, accepted as Harv. ex Mast. indigenous
- Anemone fanninii Harv. ex Mast. var. parviflora Ulbr. accepted as Harv. ex Mast. indigenous
- (L.f.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Anemone filia (L.f.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt subsp. filia, endemic
- Anemone filia (L.f.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt subsp. scaposa (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Burtt Davy, endemic
- Baker f. accepted as (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy var. transvaalensis
- (L.f.) DC. endemic
- (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy, indigenous
- Anemone transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy var. filifolia (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Anemone transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy var. pottiana (Burtt Davy) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Anemone transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy var. transvaalensis, indigenous
- (L.f.) Prantl, endemic
- Anemone vesicatoria (L.f.) Prantl subsp. grossa (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Anemone vesicatoria (L.f.) Prantl subsp. humilis (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Anemone vesicatoria (L.f.) Prantl subsp. vesicatoria, endemic
- Baker f. accepted as (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy var. transvaalensis
Atragene[]
Genus Atragene:[4]
- L. accepted as (L.f.) DC. indigenous
- L.f. accepted as (L.f.) DC.
- Thunb. accepted as (L.f.) DC. indigenous
Batrachium[]
Genus Batrachium:[4]
- (Chaix) Bosch, accepted as Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix, indigenous
Clematis[]
Genus Clematis:[4]
- Burtt Davy ex W.T.Wang, endemic
- Clematis brachiata Thunb. indigenous
- Clematis brachiata Thunb. var. burkei Burtt Davy, accepted as Clematis brachiata Thunb. indigenous
- Clematis brachiata Thunb. var. oweniae (Harv.) Durand & Schinz, accepted as Harv. indigenous
- (L.) Poir. accepted as (L.f.) DC.
- Kuntze var. glabrisepala W.T.Wang, accepted as Burtt Davy ex W.T.Wang, indigenous
- Perr. & Guill. indigenous
- Clematis hirsuta Perr. & Guill. var. junodii (Burtt Davy) W.T.Wang, indigenous
- DC. endemic
- Clematis orientalis L. subsp. thunbergii (Steud.) Kuntze, accepted as Thunb. indigenous
- Clematis orientalis L. subsp. thunbergii (Steud.) Kuntze var. oweniae, accepted as Harv. indigenous
- Clematis orientalis L. var. albida (Klotzsch) Kuntze forma massoniana, accepted as DC. indigenous
- Harv. indigenous
- Clematis oweniae Harv. var. junodii Burtt Davy, accepted as Perr. & Guill. var. junodii (Burtt Davy) W.T.Wang, indigenous
- Hook. accepted as DC. subsp. stanleyi (Hook.) Kuntze, indigenous
- Burtt Davy, accepted as Clematis brachiata Thunb. indigenous
- Clematis stewartiae Burtt Davy var. wilmsii Burtt Davy, accepted as Clematis brachiata Thunb. indigenous
- (L.f.) Poir. accepted as (L.f.) DC.
- Steud. accepted as Thunb. indigenous
- Thunb. indigenous
- DC. indigenous
- Clematis villosa DC. subsp. stanleyi (Hook.) Kuntze, indigenous
Clematopsis[]
Genus :[4]
- (DC.) Hutch. subsp. stanleyi (Hook.) Brummitt, accepted as DC. subsp. stanleyi (Hook.) Kuntze, indigenous
- (Hook.) Hutch. accepted as DC. subsp. stanleyi (Hook.) Kuntze, indigenous
- (DC.) Hutch. subsp. stanleyi (Hook.) J.Raynal & Brummitt, accepted as DC. subsp. stanleyi (Hook.) Kuntze, indigenous
Knowltonia[]
Genus Knowltonia:[4]
- H.Rasm. accepted as (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt subsp. anemonoides, endemic
- Knowltonia anemonoides H.Rasm. subsp. tenuis H.Rasm. accepted as (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt subsp. tenuis (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblat, endemic
- Harv. ex J.Zahlbr. accepted as (Harv. ex J.Zahlbr.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Szyszyl. accepted as (Szyszyl.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Szyszyl. accepted as (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy var. transvaalensis
- Knowltonia canescens Szyszyl. var. pottiana Burtt Davy, accepted as (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy var. pottiana (Burtt Davy) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenous
- Knowltonia capensis (L.) Huth, accepted as Burtt Davy, endemic
- H.Rasm. accepted as (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- (L.f.) T.Durand & Schinz, accepted as (L.f.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt subsp. filia, indigenous
- Knowltonia filia (L.f.) T.Durand & Schinz subsp. scaposa H.Rasm. accepted as (L.f.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt subsp. scaposa (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- (Vent.) DC. accepted as Burtt Davy, indigenous
- Burtt Davy, accepted as (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy var. transvaalensis
- Szyszyl. accepted as (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy var. transvaalensis, indigenous
- Knowltonia transvaalensis Szyszyl. var. filifolia H.Rasm. accepted as (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy var. filifolia (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Knowltonia transvaalensis Szyszyl. var. pottiana (Burtt Davy) H.Rasm. accepted as (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy var. pottiana (Burtt Davy) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Knowltonia vesicatoria (L.f.) Sims, accepted as (L.f.) Prantl subsp. vesicatoria, indigenous
- Knowltonia vesicatoria (L.f.) Sims subsp. grossa H.Rasm. accepted as (L.f.) Prantl subsp. grossa (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Knowltonia vesicatoria (L.f.) Sims subsp. humilis H.Rasm. accepted as (L.f.) Prantl subsp. humilis (H.Rasm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- (Baker f.) Engl. accepted as (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy var. transvaalensis
Myosurus[]
- Myosurus minimus L. not indigenous, naturalised
- Myosurus minimus L. subsp. heldreichii (H.Lev.) O.Bolòs & Vigo, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Peltocalathos[]
Genus Peltocalathos:[4]
- Peltocalathos baurii (MacOwan) Tamura, indigenous
Pulsatilla[]
Genus Pulsatilla:[4]
- Herm. ex Spreng. accepted as (L.f.) DC.
- (L.f.) Spreng. accepted as (L.f.) DC.
Ranunculus[]
Genus Ranunculus:[4]
- MacOwan, accepted as Peltocalathos baurii (MacOwan) Tamura, indigenous
- Ranunculus capensis Thunb. accepted as Ranunculus multifidus Forssk. endemic
- Oliv. accepted as Peltocalathos baurii (MacOwan) Tamura, indigenous
- J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenous
- Harv. accepted as J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenous
- Ranunculus meyeri Harv. var. rogersii Burtt Davy, accepted as J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, present
- Ranunculus meyeri Harv. var. transvaalensis Szyszyl. accepted as J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenous
- Ranunculus multifidus Forssk. indigenous
- Ranunculus muricatus L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Poir. var. hermannii DC. accepted as Ranunculus multifidus Forssk. indigenous
- Thunb. accepted as Ranunculus multifidus Forssk. indigenous
- Ranunculus pubescens Thunb. var. glabrescens Burtt Davy, accepted as Ranunculus multifidus Forssk. indigenous
- Ranunculus pubescens Thunb. var. harveyanus Burtt Davy, accepted as Ranunculus multifidus Forssk. indigenous
- Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix, indigenous
Thalictrum[]
Genus Thalictrum:[4]
- Thalictrum minus L. indigenous
- Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich. indigenous
References[]
- ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
- ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- South African plant biodiversity lists
- Ranunculales