List of anti-capitalist and communist parties with national parliamentary representation
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The following is a list of communist and anti-capitalist parties with representation in national parliaments. This list does not contain communist and anti-capitalist parties previously represented in parliament. This list includes only those parties who officially call themselves communist or anti-capitalist (or socialist parties who are declared anti-capitalist) ideologically. 178 communist and anti-capitalist parties have been elected worldwide to parliament in 84 different countries in both recognized and non-recognized states. Of the 84 states listed here, 18 of them are republics ruled by a socialist, communist or anti-capitalist party, five of them are official socialist states ruled by a communist party; four of which espouse Marxism–Leninism (China, Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam) while the fifth (North Korea) espouses Juche.[1]
List[]
Country | Continent | Party | Electoral Coalition | Election | Lower house | Upper house | Official ideology |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Algeria | Africa | National Liberation Front | — | 2021 election | 98 / 407
|
59 / 144
|
Arab socialism |
Argentina | America | Workers' Party | Workers' Left Front | 2017 election | 1 / 257 |
0 / 72 |
Trotskyism |
Socialist Workers' Party | 2 / 257 |
0 / 72 |
Trotskyism | ||||
Revolutionary Communist Party | Frente de Todos (2019 coalition) | 2 / 257 |
0 / 72 |
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism | |||
Intransigent Party | 2 / 257 |
0 / 72 |
Democratic Socialism | ||||
Patria Grande Front | 2 / 257 |
0 / 72 |
Socialism of the 21st century | ||||
Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria | Middle East | Syrian National Democratic Alliance | — | 2017 election | 4 / 43
|
— | Democratic confederalism |
Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party | — | 1 / 43
|
— | Democratic socialism | |||
Democratic Union Party | Democratic Nation List | 3 / 43
|
— | Eco-socialism | |||
Bahrain | Middle East | Progressive Democratic Tribune | — | 2018 election | 1 / 40
|
0 / 40
|
Communism |
Bangladesh | Asia | Workers Party of Bangladesh | Grand Alliance | 2018 election | 4 / 300 |
— | Marxism–Leninism |
National Socialist Party | 2 / 300 |
— | Socialism | ||||
Belarus | Europe | Communist Party of Belarus | — | 2019 election | 11 / 110 |
17 / 64 |
Marxism–Leninism |
Belarusian Patriotic Party | — | 2 / 110 |
0 / 64 |
Socialism | |||
Belgium | Europe | Workers' Party of Belgium | — | 2019 election | 12 / 150 |
5 / 60 |
Marxism |
Bolivia | America | Movement for Socialism | — | 2020 election | 75 / 130 |
21 / 36 |
Socialism of the 21st century[2][3][4] |
Brazil | America | Communist Party of Brazil | — | 2018 election | 9 / 513 |
0 / 81 |
Marxism–Leninism[5] |
Socialism and Liberty Party | — | 10 / 513 |
0 / 81 |
Democratic socialism[5] | |||
Burkina Faso | Africa | Union for Rebirth / Sankarist Party | — | 2020 election | 5 / 127 |
— | Sankarism |
Party for Democracy and Socialism/Metba | — | 1 / 127 |
— | Communism | |||
Chile | America | Communist Party of Chile | Apruebo Dignidad | 2021 election | 12 / 155 |
2 / 43 |
Marxism–Leninism[6] |
Social Convergence | 9 / 155
|
0 / 43
|
Democratic socialism | ||||
Democratic Revolution | 8 / 155 |
1 / 43 |
Democratic socialism | ||||
Commons | 6 / 155
|
0 / 43
|
Socialism of the 21st century | ||||
Social Green Regionalist Federation | 2 / 155
|
2 / 43
|
Eco-socialism | ||||
Humanist Party | Dignidad Ahora | 3 / 155 |
0 / 43 |
Democratic socialism | |||
China | Asia | Communist Party of China | United Front | 2017–2018 election | 2,119 / 2,980 |
— | Socialism with Chinese characteristics[7] |
Colombia | America | Commons | — | 2018 election | 5 / 172
|
5 / 108
|
Marxism-Leninism |
Alternative Democratic Pole | — | 2 / 172 |
5 / 108 |
Democratic socialism | |||
Democratic Republic of the Congo | Africa | Unified Lumumbist Party | — | 2018 election | 17 / 500 |
2 / 108 |
Lumumbism |
Costa Rica | America | Broad Front | — | 2022 election | 6 / 57 |
— | Socialism of the 21st century |
Croatia | Europe | Workers' Front | Green–Left Coalition | 2020 election | 1 / 151 |
— | Democratic socialism |
Cuba | America | Communist Party of Cuba | Committees for the Defense of the Revolution | 2018 election | 605 / 605
|
— | Castroism |
Cyprus | Europe | Progressive Party of Working People | — | 2021 election | 15 / 56 |
— | Marxism–Leninism |
Denmark | Europe | Red–Green Alliance | — | 2019 election | 13 / 179 |
— | Eco-socialism[8] |
Socialist People's Party | — | 14 / 179 |
— | Democratic socialism | |||
Inuit Ataqatigiit | — | 1 / 179 |
— | Democratic socialism | |||
Ecuador | America | Union for Hope | — | 2021 election | 49 / 137 [verification needed] |
— | Socialism of the 21st century |
Egypt | Africa | Homeland Defenders Party | Call of Egypt | 2020 Egyptian Parliamentary and Senate Elections | 23 / 596
|
11 / 300
|
Democratic socialism |
National Progressive Unionist Party | National Front Alliance | 6 / 596
|
4 / 300
|
Arab socialism | |||
El Salvador | America | Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front | — | 2021 election | 4 / 84
|
— | Farabundismo |
Eritrea | Africa | People's Front for Democracy and Justice | — | 1992 election | 75 / 150
|
— | Socialism |
Finland | Europe | Left Alliance | — | 2019 election | 16 / 200 |
— | Democratic socialism |
France | Europe | French Communist Party | — | 2017 election | 12 / 577 |
12 / 348 |
Communism |
La France Insoumise | — | 17 / 577 |
1 / 348 |
Democratic socialism | |||
Left Party | La France Insoumise | 8 / 577 |
0 / 348 |
Democratic socialism | |||
Ensemble! | — | 2 / 577 |
0 / 348 |
Eco-socialism | |||
Communist Party of Réunion | Alliance of the Overseas[needs update] | 0 / 577 |
1 / 348 |
Communism | |||
Gambia | Africa | People's Democratic Organisation for Independence and Socialism | — | 2017 election | 4 / 58
|
— | Socialism |
Germany | Europe | The Left | — | 2021 election | 39 / 735 |
4 / 69 |
Democratic socialism |
Greece | Europe | Communist Party of Greece | — | 2019 election | 15 / 300 |
— | Marxism–Leninism |
Syriza | — | 86 / 300 |
— | Democratic socialism[9] | |||
Guatemala | America | Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity | — | 2019 election | 3 / 158 |
— | Revolutionary socialism[10] |
Movement for the Liberation of Peoples | — | 1 / 158 |
— | Socialism | |||
Winaq | — | 4 / 158 |
— | Democratic socialism | |||
Guinea-Bissau | Africa | African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde | — | 2019 election | 47 / 102
|
— | Democratic socialism |
Madem G15 | — | 27 / 102
|
Democratic socialism | ||||
Guyana | America | People's Progressive Party | — | 2020 election | 33 / 65
|
— | Democratic socialism |
Honduras | America | Liberty and Refoundation | — | 2021 election | 51 / 128 |
— | Democratic socialism |
Iceland | Europe | Left-Green Movement | — | 2021 election | 8 / 63 |
— | Eco-socialism |
India | Asia | Communist Party of India | United National Progressive Alliance | 2019 election | 2 / 545 |
2 / 245 |
Marxism–Leninism |
Communist Party of India (Marxist) | United National Progressive Alliance | 3 / 545 |
6 / 245 |
Marxism–Leninism[11] | |||
Revolutionary Socialist Party | United National Progressive Alliance | 1 / 545 |
0 / 245 |
Marxism–Leninism | |||
Iraqi Kurdistan | Middle East | Communist Party of Kurdistan - Iraq | Kurdistan List | 2018 election | 1 / 111
|
— | Communism |
Ireland | Europe | People Before Profit | Solidarity–People Before Profit | 2020 election | 4 / 160 |
0 / 60 |
Socialism |
Solidarity (Ireland) | 1 / 160
|
0 / 60
|
Trotskyism | ||||
Israel | Middle East | Israeli Communist Party | Democratic Front for Peace and Equality | 2021 election | 2 / 120 |
— | Marxism–Leninism[12] |
Italy | Europe | Italian Left | Free and Equal | 2018 election | 3 / 630 |
1 / 315 |
Democratic socialism[13] |
Japan | Asia | Japanese Communist Party | — | 2019—2021 elections | 10 / 465 |
13 / 242 |
Scientific socialism[14] |
Jordan | Middle East | Jordanian Communist Party | — | 2020 election | 1 / 130
|
0 / 75
|
Marxism-Leninism |
Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party | — | 1 / 130
|
0 / 75
|
Neo-Ba'athism | |||
Kazakhstan | Asia | People's Party of Kazakhstan | — | 2021 election | 10 / 108 |
— | Socialism[15] |
Laos | Asia | Lao People's Revolutionary Party | Lao Front for National Construction | 2021 election | 158 / 164 |
— | Kaysone Phomvihane Thought |
Latvia | Europe | Socialist Party of Latvia | Social Democratic Party "Harmony" | 2018 election | 1 / 100
|
— | Communism |
Lebanon | Middle East | Progressive Socialist Party | March 14 Alliance | 2018 election | 6 / 128
|
— | Democratic socialism |
Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Lebanon | March 8 Alliance | 3 / 128
|
— | Democratic socialism | |||
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party - Lebanon Region | 1 / 128
|
— | Ba'athism | ||||
Popular Nasserist Organization | 1 / 128
|
— | Nasserism | ||||
Union Party | 1 / 128
|
— | Nasserism | ||||
Luxembourg | Europe | The Left | — | 2018 election | 2 / 60 |
— | Democratic socialism |
Mauritius | Africa | Mauritian Militant Movement | National Alliance | 2019 election | 9 / 69 |
— | Democratic socialism |
Muvman Liberater | Mauritian Alliance | 2 / 69 |
— | Democratic socialism | |||
Mexico | America | Labor Party | Juntos Haremos Historia | 2018 election | 61 / 500 |
7 / 128 |
Socialism |
Moldova | Europe | Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova | Electoral Bloc of Communists and Socialists | 2021 election | 22 / 101
|
— | Democratic socialism |
Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova | 10 / 101
|
— | Communism | ||||
Montenegro | Europe | Worker's Party | ZBCG | 2020 election | 1 / 81 |
— | Labourism |
Morocco | Africa | Party of Progress and Socialism | — | 2021 election | 22 / 395 |
2 / 120 |
Socialism |
Mozambique | Africa | FRELIMO | — | 2019 election | 184 / 250
|
— | Democratic socialism |
Namibia | Africa | Landless People's Movement | — | 2019 election | 4 / 104 |
0 / 42 |
Socialism |
Namibian Economic Freedom Fighters | — | 2 / 104 |
0 / 42 |
Anti-capitalism | |||
South West Africa National Union | — | 1 / 104 |
0 / 42 |
Democratic socialism | |||
South West Africa People's Organisation | — | 63 / 104 |
40 / 42 |
Socialism | |||
Nepal | Asia | CPN (Unified Marxist-Leninist) | — | 2017 election | 95 / 275 |
24 / 59 |
Marxism-Leninism |
CPN (Maoist Center) | Left Alliance | 49 / 275
|
15 / 59
|
Prachanda Path | |||
CPN (Unified Socialist) | 25 / 275
|
10 / 59
|
Marxism-Leninism | ||||
Janata Samajbadi Party, Nepal | 20 / 275 |
2 / 59 |
Democratic socialism | ||||
Rastriya Janamorcha | 1 / 275
|
0 / 59
|
Marxism-Leninism | ||||
Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party | — | 1 / 275
|
0 / 59
|
Juche | |||
Netherlands | Europe | BIJ1 | — | 2021 election | 1 / 150
|
0 / 75
|
Anti-capitalism |
New Caledonia | Oceania | National Union for Independence | — | 2019 election | 9 / 54
|
— | Melanesian socialism |
Caledonian Union | — | 9 / 54
|
— | Melanesian socialism | |||
Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front | — | 6 / 54
|
— | Melanesian socialism | |||
Labour Party (New Caledonia) | — | 1 / 54
|
— | Revolutionary socialism | |||
Kanak Socialist Liberation | — | 1 / 54
|
— | Melanesian socialism | |||
Nicaragua | America | Sandinista National Liberation Front | — | 2021 election | 75 / 90 |
— | Sandinismo[16] |
Northern Ireland | Europe | People Before Profit | — | 2017 election | 1 / 90
|
— | Socialism |
North Korea | Asia | Workers' Party of Korea | Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland | 2019 election | 607 / 687 |
— | Juche[17] |
North Macedonia | Europe | The Left (North Macedonia) | — | 2020 election | 2 / 120 |
— | Socialism |
Norway | Europe | Socialist Left Party | — | 2021 election | 13 / 169 |
— | Democratic socialism |
Red Party | — | 8 / 169 |
— | Communism | |||
Pakistan | Asia | Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party | — | 2018 election | 0 / 342 |
2 / 104 |
Democratic Socialism |
Awami National Party | — | 1 / 342 |
1 / 104 |
Democratic Socialism | |||
Palestine | Middle East | Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine | Palestine Liberation Organization | 2006 election | 3 / 132 |
— | Marxism–Leninism |
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine | 1 / 132 |
— | Marxism–Leninism | ||||
Palestinian People's Party | 1 / 132 |
— | Scientific socialism | ||||
Paraguay | America | Guasú Front | — | 2018 election | 0 / 80 |
6 / 45 |
Democratic socialism |
Peru | America | Free Peru | — | 2021 election | 37 / 130 |
— | Socialism |
Together for Peru | 5 / 130
|
Democratic socialism | |||||
Philippines | Asia | New Patriotic Alliance | National Democracy Movement | 2019 election | 6 / 304 |
0 / 24 |
Filipino communism[18] |
Poland | Europe | Polish Socialist Party | 2019 election | 0 / 460
|
1 / 100
|
Democratic socialism | |
Portugal | Europe | Portuguese Communist Party | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 2019 election | 10 / 230 |
— | Marxism–Leninism[19] |
Ecologist Party "The Greens" | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 2 / 230 |
— | Eco-socialism | |||
Left Bloc | — | 19 / 230 |
— | Democratic socialism | |||
Russia | Europe | Communist Party of the Russian Federation | — | 2021 election | 57 / 450 |
3 / 170 |
Marxism-Leninism |
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | Africa | Polisario Front | — | 2012 election | 53 / 53 |
— | Democratic socialism |
San Marino | Europe | RETE Movement | Tomorrow in Motion | 2019 election | 11 / 60 |
— | Democratic Socialism |
Serbia | Europe | Communist Party | SPS-JS | 2020 election | 1 / 250 |
— | Titoism |
Sierra Leone | Africa | All People's Congress | — | 2018 election | 68 / 146
|
— | Democratic socialism |
Slovenia | Europe | LEVICA | — | 2018 election | 9 / 90 |
— | Eco-socialism |
South Africa | Africa | Economic Freedom Fighters | — | 2019 election | 44 / 400 |
11 / 90 |
Marxism–Leninism[20] |
South African Communist Party[note 1] | Tripartite Alliance | 0 / 400 |
0 / 90 |
Marxism–Leninism | |||
South Ossetia | Europe | Communist Party of South Ossetia | — | 2019 election | 1 / 34 |
— | Marxism–Leninism |
Spain | Europe | Podemos | Unidas Podemos | 2019 election | 24 / 350 |
0 / 266 |
Democratic socialism |
United Left | 6 / 350
|
0 / 266
|
Communism | ||||
Communist Party of Spain | 6 / 350 |
1 / 266 |
Marxism–Leninism[22] | ||||
Sortu | EH Bildu | 1 / 350 |
1 / 266 |
Socialism | |||
Alternatiba | 1 / 350
|
0 / 266
|
Socialism | ||||
Initiative for Catalonia Greens | En Comu Podem | 1 / 350 |
0 / 266 |
Eco-socialism[23] | |||
United and Alternative Left | 2 / 350 |
0 / 266 |
Communism | ||||
Equo | 1 / 350
|
0 / 266
|
Eco-socialism | ||||
Republican Left of Catalonia | Ahora Republicas | 13 / 350 |
13 / 266 |
Democratic socialism | |||
Galician Nationalist Bloc | 1 / 350 |
0 / 266 |
Anti-capitalism | ||||
Adelante Andalucia | Confederal Left | 6 / 350
|
1 / 266
|
Democratic Socialism | |||
Coalicio Compromis | 0 / 350
|
1 / 266
|
Eco-socialism | ||||
Galicia en Comun | 2 / 350
|
1 / 266
|
Democratic socialism | ||||
Mes per Mallorca | 0 / 350
|
1 / 266
|
Democratic socialism | ||||
Catalunya en Comu | 4 / 350
|
1 / 266
|
Eco-socialism | ||||
Sobrianistes | — | 1 / 350
|
0 / 266
|
Democratic socialism | |||
Popular Unity Candidacy | — | 2 / 350
|
0 / 266
|
Socialism | |||
Sri Lanka | Asia | People's Liberation Front | National People's Power | 2020 election | 3 / 225 |
— | Marxism–Leninism |
Communist Party of Sri Lanka | United People's Freedom Alliance | 1 / 225 |
— | Marxism–Leninism | |||
Lanka Equal Society Party | United People's Freedom Alliance | 1 / 225 |
— | Trotskyism | |||
Sweden | Europe | Left Party | — | 2018 election | 28 / 349 |
— | Socialism |
Syria | Middle East | Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region | National Progressive Front | 2020 election | 167 / 250 |
— | Neo-Ba'athism |
Arab Socialist Union Party | 3 / 250
|
— | Nasserism | ||||
Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash) | 2 / 250 |
— | Marxism–Leninism[24] | ||||
Socialist Unionist Party | 2 / 250
|
— | Nasserism | ||||
Syrian Communist Party (Unified) | 2 / 250 |
— | Communism | ||||
National Covenant Party | 2 / 250
|
— | Islamic Socialism | ||||
Arabic Democratic Union Party | 1 / 250
|
— | Nasserism | ||||
Democratic Socialist Unionist Party | 1 / 250
|
— | Democratic Socialism | ||||
Switzerland | Europe | Labour | — | 2019 election | 2 / 200
|
0 / 46
|
Marxism |
Tajikistan | Asia | Communist Party of Tajikistan | — | 2020 election | 2 / 63 |
0 / 33 |
Marxism–Leninism[25] |
Socialist Party of Tajikistan | — | 1 / 63
|
0 / 33
|
Socialism | |||
Tanzania | Africa | Alliance for Change and Transparency | — | 2020 election | 5 / 384
|
— | Democratic Socialism |
Tunisia | Africa | People's Movement | — | 2019 election | 15 / 217
|
— | Nasserism |
Popular Front | — | 1 / 217 |
— | Socialism | |||
Turkey | Europe | Workers' Party of Turkey | — | 2018 election | 2 / 600 |
— | Marxism-Leninism |
Uruguay | America | Communist Party of Uruguay | Broad Front | 2019 election | 42 / 99 |
13 / 30 |
Marxism–Leninism |
Movement of Popular Participation | Socialism of the 21st century | ||||||
Vanuatu | Oceania | Vanua'aku Pati | — | 2020 election | 7 / 52
|
— | Melanesian socialism |
Venezuela | America | United Socialist Party of Venezuela | Great Patriotic Pole | 2020 election | 219 / 277 |
— | Socialism of the 21st century |
Fatherland for All | 8 / 277 |
— | Democratic socialism | ||||
Tupamaro | 7 / 277 |
— | Marxism-Leninism | ||||
Movement We Are Venezuela | 5 / 277
|
— | Socialism | ||||
For Social Democracy | 4 / 277
|
— | Democratic Socialism | ||||
Alliance for Change | 3 / 277
|
— | Democratic Socialism | ||||
People's Electoral Movement | 3 / 277
|
— | Socialism | ||||
Venezuelan Popular Unity | 2 / 277
|
— | Socialism
Marxism | ||||
Communist Party of Venezuela | Popular Revolutionary Alternative | 1 / 277 |
— | Marxism–Leninism | |||
Vietnam | Asia | Communist Party of Vietnam | Vietnamese Fatherland Front | 2021 election | 485 / 499 |
— | Ho Chi Minh Thought |
Yemen | Middle East | Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation | — | 2003 election | 3 / 301
|
— | Nasserism |
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party - Yemen Region | 1 / 301
|
— | Ba'athism | ||||
Zambia | Africa | Patriotic Front | — | 2021 election | 60 / 156 |
— | Democratic socialism[26][27] |
See also[]
Notes[]
References[]
- ^ Kim Jong-un, "Let Us Brilliantly Accomplish the Revolutionary Cause of Juche, Holding the Great Comrade Kim Jong Il in High Esteem as the Eternal General Secretary of Our Party", 6 April 2002.
- ^ Ediciones El País (21 April 2008). "Evo Morales insta a "erradicar el capitalismo" para salvar el planeta". EL PAÍS. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
- ^ "Evo Morales: Ten commandments against capitalism, for life and humanity". Climate & Capitalism. 15 January 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
- ^ "Evo Morales: "Capitalism is the worst enemy of humanity"". Climate & Capitalism. 3 October 2007. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
- ^ a b The first reference is for the lower house, the second for the upper house.
- "October 3, 2010 Chamber of Deputies Election Results – Totals Brazil". electionresources.com. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- "October 3, 2010 Senate Election Results – Brazil Totals". electionresources.com. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- (8 November 2009). "Socialist Programme for Brazil: Strengthening the Nation is the Way, Socialism is the Way" (in Portuguese). Communist Party of Brazil. Archived from the original on 24 February 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
- "Brazil – Communist Party of Brazil". The World Factbook. Library of Congress. April 1997. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
- ^ "South America: Chile – Government". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^ http://cpc.people.com.cn/
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Denmark". Parties and Elections in Europe.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Greece". Parties and Elections in Europe.
- ^ "Acuerdo No. 1319-2011 – Resultados oficiales" (in Spanish). elecciones2011.tse.org.gt. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^
The first two references are about seats in parliament.
- "12 – Performance of National Parties". Election Commission of India.
- "13 – Performance of State Parties" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^ "Middle East: Israel – Government". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^ "Parties and Elections in Europe - Italy". Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- ^ "East & Southeast Asia: Japan – Government". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^ "Two more Kazakh parties wins parliamentary seats". BBC News. 16 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
- ^ "Central America and Caribbean: Nicaragua – Government". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^ "Democratic People's Republic of Korea". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^ "Asia: Philippines – Government". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
- ^
- 17th Congress of the Portuguese Communist Party. "Estatutos do PCP" [Statute of the PCP] (in Portuguese). Portuguese Communist Party. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- . "Estatutos" [Statute] (in Portuguese). Left Bloc. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- "Europe: Portugal – Government". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^ "About us". Archived from the original on 2014-05-08.
- ^ Matuma Letsoalo (15 May 2014). "Parliamentary payoff for pro-Zuma Cosatu officials". The M&G Online. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
- ^ "El PCE recupera el leninismo al cumplirse el centenario de la Revolución de Octubre". cuartopoder (in Spanish). 3 December 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
- ^ "Europe: Spain – Government". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^ Yoshie Furuhashi (18 June 2012). "S. Saleh Waziruddin, "Communist Parties Win 11 Seats in Syrian Parliamentary Elections"". Retrieved 24 February 2015.
- ^ "Central Asia: Tajikistan – Government". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-12-16.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "2011 Tripartite Elections: Summary of Allocation of National Assembly Seats" (PDF). Electoral Commission of Zambia. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
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