List of mammals of Ethiopia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Ethiopia. There are 279 mammal species in Ethiopia, of which five are critically endangered, eight are endangered, twenty-seven are vulnerable, and twelve are near threatened.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: Macroscelidea (elephant shrews)[]

Often called sengis, the elephant shrews or jumping shrews are native to southern Africa. Their common English name derives from their elongated flexible snout and their resemblance to the true shrews.

  • Family: Macroscelididae (elephant-shrews)
    • Genus: Elephantulus
      • Rufous elephant shrew, E. rufescens LC

Order: Tubulidentata (aardvarks)[]

Aardvark

The order Tubulidentata consists of a single species, the aardvark. Tubulidentata are characterised by their teeth which lack a pulp cavity and form thin tubes which are continuously worn down and replaced.

  • Family: Orycteropodidae
    • Genus: Orycteropus
      • Aardvark, O. afer LC

Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes)[]

Cape hyrax

The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.

  • Family: Procaviidae (hyraxes)
    • Genus: Heterohyrax
      • Yellow-spotted rock hyrax, Heterohyrax brucei LC
    • Genus: Procavia
      • Cape hyrax, Procavia capensis LC

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)[]

African bush elephant

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

  • Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
    • Genus: Loxodonta
      • African bush elephant, L. africana EN[2]

Order: Primates[]

Blue monkey
Yellow baboon
Mantled guereza
Gelada

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.

  • Suborder: Strepsirrhini
    • Infraorder: Lemuriformes
      • Superfamily: Lorisoidea
        • Family: Galagidae
          • Genus: Galago
            • Somali bushbaby, Galago gallarum LR/nt
            • Senegal bushbaby, Galago senegalensis LR/lc
  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Catarrhini
        • Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
          • Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
            • Genus: Erythrocebus
              • Patas monkey, Erythrocebus patas LR/lc
            • Genus: Chlorocebus
              • Grivet, Chlorocebus aethiops LR/lc
              • Vervet monkey, Chlorocebus pygerythrus LR/lc
              • Bale Mountains vervet, Chlorocebus djamdjamensis VU
            • Genus: Cercopithecus
            • Genus: Papio
              • Olive baboon, Papio anubis LR/lc
              • Yellow baboon, Papio cynocephalus LR/lc
              • Hamadryas baboon, Papio hamadryas LR/nt
            • Genus: Theropithecus
              • Gelada, Theropithecus gelada LR/nt
            • Subfamily: Colobinae
              • Genus: Colobus
                • Mantled guereza, Colobus guereza LR/lc

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Naked mole rat
Typical striped grass mouse
Giant mole-rat

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae with hares and rabbits, and Ochotonidae with pikas. Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Leporidae
    • Genus: Lepus
      • Cape hare, Lepus capensis LC
      • Ethiopian hare, Lepus fagani LC
      • Abyssinian hare, Lepus habessinicus LC
      • African savanna hare, Lepus microtis LC
      • Ethiopian highland hare, Lepus starcki LC

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)[]

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

  • Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
    • Subfamily: Erinaceinae
      • Genus: Atelerix
      • Genus: Hemiechinus
        • Desert hedgehog, Hemiechinus aethiopicus LR/lc

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[]

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
      • Genus: Crocidura
        • Bailey's shrew, Crocidura baileyi NT
        • Bottego's shrew, Crocidura bottegi DD
        • Bale shrew, Crocidura bottegoides EN
        • African dusky shrew, Crocidura caliginea LC
        • Savanna shrew, Crocidura fulvastra LC
        • Bicolored musk shrew, Crocidura fuscomurina LC
        • Glass's shrew, Crocidura glassi VU
        • Harenna shrew, Crocidura harenna CR
        • Hildegarde's shrew, Crocidura hildegardeae LC
        • Lucina's shrew, Crocidura lucina VU
        • Mauritanian shrew, Crocidura lusitania LC
        • MacMillan's shrew, Crocidura macmillani VU
        • Somali dwarf shrew, Crocidura nana DD
        • African black shrew, Crocidura nigrofusca LC
        • Niobe's shrew, Crocidura niobe LC
        • African giant shrew, Crocidura olivieri LC
        • Small-footed shrew, Crocidura parvipes LC
        • Sahelian tiny shrew, Crocidura pasha LC
        • Guramba shrew, Crocidura phaeura VU
        • Flat-headed shrew, Crocidura planiceps DD
        • Desert musk shrew, Crocidura smithii LC
        • Somali shrew, Crocidura somalica LC
        • Thalia's shrew, Crocidura thalia LC
        • Savanna path shrew, Crocidura viaria LC
        • Voi shrew, Crocidura voi LC
        • Yankari shrew, Crocidura yankariensis LC
        • Zaphir's shrew, Crocidura zaphiri DD
      • Genus: Suncus
        • Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus LC
      • Genus: Sylvisorex
        • Climbing shrew, Sylvisorex megalura LC

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

Egyptian fruit bat

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[]

The order Pholidota comprises eight pangolin species, which feed on ants and have powerful claws, an elongated snout and a long tongue.

  • Family: Manidae
    • Genus: Manis
      • Ground pangolin, Manis temminckii VU

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Lion in Samburu National Park
Common dwarf mongoose
Ethiopian wolf
Spotted hyena
Bat-eared fox

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
      • Subfamily: Felinae
        • Genus: Acinonyx
          • Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus VU
        • Genus: Caracal
          • Caracal, Caracal caracal LC
        • Genus: Felis
        • Genus: Leptailurus
          • Serval, Leptailurus serval LC
      • Subfamily: Pantherinae
        • Genus: Panthera
          • Lion, Panthera leo VU
          • Leopard, Panthera pardus VU
    • Family: Viverridae
      • Subfamily: Viverrinae
        • Genus: Civettictis
          • African civet, Civettictis civetta LC
        • Genus: Genetta
          • Abyssinian genet, Genetta abyssinica DD
          • Common genet, Genetta genetta LC
          • Rusty-spotted genet, Genetta maculata LC
    • Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
      • Genus: Atilax
        • Marsh mongoose, Atilax paludinosus LC
      • Genus: Helogale
      • Genus: Herpestes
        • Egyptian mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon LC
        • Common slender mongoose, Herpestes sanguineus LC
        • Somalian slender mongoose, Herpestes ochracea LC
      • Genus: Mungos
        • Banded mongoose, Mungos mungo LC
    • Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
      • Genus: Crocuta
        • Spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta LC
      • Genus: Hyaena
        • Striped hyena, Hyaena hyaena NT
      • Genus: Proteles
        • Aardwolf, Proteles cristatus LC
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Vulpes
      • Genus: Canis'
        • African golden wolf, Canis lupaster LC
        • Ethiopian wolf, Canis simensis EN
      • Genus: Lupulella
        • Side-striped jackal, L. adusta LC
        • Black-backed jackal, L. mesomelas LC
      • Genus: Otocyon
        • Bat-eared fox, Otocyon megalotis LC
      • Genus: Lycaon
        • African wild dog, Lycaon pictus EN
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Ictonyx
        • Striped polecat, Ictonyx striatus LC
      • Genus: Mellivora
        • Ratel, Mellivora capensis LC
      • Genus: Hydrictis
        • Spotted-necked otter, Hydrictis maculicollis LC
      • Genus: Aonyx
        • African clawless otter, Aonyx capensis LC

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)[]

Grant's zebra

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

  • Family: Equidae (horses etc.)
    • Genus: Equus
      • African wild ass, E. africanus CR
        • Somali wild ass, E. a. somaliensis
      • Grevy's zebra, E. grevyi EN
      • Plains zebra, E. quagga NT
  • Family: Rhinocerotidae

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Reticulated giraffe
Topi
Red-fronted gazelle
African buffalo
Common eland
Blue duiker
Mountain nyala

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Subfamily: Phacochoerinae
      • Genus: Phacochoerus
        • Desert warthog, Phacochoerus aethiopicus LR/lc
        • Common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Suinae
      • Genus: Hylochoerus
        • Giant forest hog, Hylochoerus meinertzhageni LR/lc
      • Genus: Potamochoerus
        • Bushpig, Potamochoerus larvatus LR/lc
  • Family: Hippopotamidae (hippopotamuses)
    • Genus: Hippopotamus
      • Hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius VU
  • Family: Giraffidae (giraffe, okapi)
    • Genus: Giraffa
      • Giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis VU
  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Subfamily: Alcelaphinae
      • Genus: Alcelaphus
        • Hartebeest, Alcelaphus buselaphus LR/cd
      • Genus: Damaliscus
        • Topi, Damaliscus lunatus LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Antilopinae
      • Genus: Ammodorcas
        • Dibatag, Ammodorcas clarkei VU
      • Genus: Dorcatragus
        • Beira, Dorcatragus megalotis VU
      • Genus: Gazella
      • Genus: Litocranius
        • Gerenuk, Litocranius walleri LR/cd
      • Genus: Madoqua
      • Genus: Oreotragus
        • Klipspringer, Oreotragus oreotragus LR/cd
      • Genus: Ourebia
        • Oribi, Ourebia ourebi LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Bovinae
      • Genus: Syncerus
        • African buffalo, Syncerus caffer LR/cd
      • Genus: Tragelaphus
        • Mountain nyala, Tragelaphus buxtoni EN
        • Bongo, Tragelaphus eurycerus LR/nt
        • Lesser kudu, Tragelaphus imberbis LR/cd
        • Common eland, Tragelaphus oryx LR/cd
        • Bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus LR/lc
        • Greater kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Caprinae
      • Genus: Capra
        • Nubian ibex, C. nubiana VU presence uncertain
        • Walia ibex, C. walie VU
    • Subfamily: Cephalophinae
      • Genus: Cephalophus
        • Harvey's duiker, Cephalophus harveyi LR/cd
        • Blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola LR/lc
      • Genus: Sylvicapra
        • Common duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Hippotraginae
      • Genus: Hippotragus
        • Roan antelope, Hippotragus equinus LR/cd
      • Genus: Oryx
        • East African oryx, Oryx beisa LR/nt
    • Subfamily: Reduncinae
      • Genus: Kobus
        • Waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus LR/cd
        • Kob, Kobus kob LR/cd
        • Nile lechwe, Kobus megaceros LR/nt
      • Genus: Redunca
        • Mountain reedbuck, Redunca fulvorufula LC
        • Bohor reedbuck, Redunca redunca LR/cd
  • Family: Camelidae
    • Genus: Camelus
      • Dromedary, Camelus dromedarius domesticated

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
  2. ^ Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Maisels, F.; Wittemyer, G.; Balfour, D.; Taylor, R.D. (2021). "Loxodonta cyclotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T181007989A204404464. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T181007989A204404464.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ^ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus blasii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19515A21972073.

References[]

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