List of mammals of Angola

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Angola. Of the mammal species in Angola, one is critically endangered, five are endangered, eight are vulnerable, and ten are near threatened.[1]

There are 291 extant species of mammals in Angola[2] and 67 fossil species.[3]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: Afrosoricida (tenrecs and golden moles)[]

The order Afrosoricida contains the golden moles of southern Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar and Africa, two families of small mammals that were traditionally part of the order Insectivora.

  • Family: Tenrecidae (tenrecs)
    • Subfamily: Potamogalinae
      • Genus: Potamogale
        • Giant otter shrew, Potamogale velox LC
  • Family: Chrysochloridae
    • Subfamily: Amblysominae
      • Genus: Calcochloris
        • Congo golden mole, Calcochloris leucorhinus DD

Order: Macroscelidea (elephant shrews)[]

Often called sengi, the elephant shrews or jumping shrews are native to southern Africa. Their common English name derives from their elongated flexible snout and their resemblance to the true shrews.

  • Family: Macroscelididae (elephant shrews)
    • Genus: Elephantulus
      • Short-snouted elephant shrew, Elephantulus brachyrhynchus LC
      • Bushveld elephant shrew, Elephantulus intufi LC
      • Western rock elephant shrew, Elephantulus rupestris LC
    • Genus: Petrodromus
      • Four-toed elephant shrew, Petrodromus tetradactylus LC

Order: Tubulidentata (aardvarks)[]

Aardvark

The order Tubulidentata consists of a single species, the aardvark. Tubulidentata are characterised by their teeth which lack a pulp cavity and form thin tubes which are continuously worn down and replaced.

  • Family: Orycteropodidae
    • Genus: Orycteropus
      • Aardvark, O. afer LC

Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes)[]

The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.

  • Family: Procaviidae (hyraxes)
    • Genus: Dendrohyrax
      • Southern tree hyrax, Dendrohyrax arboreus LC
    • Genus: Heterohyrax
      • Yellow-spotted rock hyrax, Heterohyrax brucei LC
    • Genus: Procavia
      • Cape hyrax, Procavia capensis LC

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)[]

African bush elephant

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

  • Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
    • Genus: Loxodonta
      • African bush elephant, L. africana EN[4]
      • African forest elephant, L. cyclotis CR[5]

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)[]

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

  • Family: Trichechidae
    • Genus: Trichechus
      • African manatee, Trichechus senegalensis VU

Order: Primates[]

Chacma baboon

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.

  • Suborder: Strepsirrhini
    • Infraorder: Lemuriformes
      • Superfamily: Lorisoidea
        • Family: Lorisidae
          • Genus: Arctocebus
            • Golden angwantibo, Arctocebus aureus LR/nt
          • Genus: Perodicticus
            • Potto, Perodicticus potto LR/lc
        • Family: Galagidae
          • Genus: Sciurocheirus
          • Genus: Galago
            • Mohol bushbaby, Galago moholi LR/lc
          • Genus: Galagoides
          • Genus: Otolemur
            • Brown greater galago, Otolemur crassicaudatus LR/lc
          • Genus: Euoticus
            • Southern needle-clawed bushbaby, Euoticus elegantulus LR/nt
  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Catarrhini
        • Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
          • Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
            • Genus: Allenopithecus
            • Genus: Miopithecus
            • Genus: Chlorocebus
              • Malbrouck, Chlorocebus cynosuros LR/lc
            • Genus: Cercopithecus
              • Red-tailed monkey, Cercopithecus ascanius LR/lc
              • Moustached guenon, Cercopithecus cephus LR/lc
              • Blue monkey, Cercopithecus mitis LR/lc
              • De Brazza's monkey, Cercopithecus neglectus LR/lc
              • Greater spot-nosed monkey, Cercopithecus nictitans LR/lc
              • Crowned guenon, Cercopithecus pogonias LR/lc
            • Genus: Lophocebus
              • Grey-cheeked mangabey, Lophocebus albigena LR/lc
              • Black crested mangabey, Lophocebus aterrimus LR/nt
            • Genus: Papio
              • Yellow baboon, Papio cynocephalus LR/lc
              • Chacma baboon, Papio ursinus LR/lc
            • Subfamily: Colobinae
              • Genus: Colobus
                • Angola colobus, Colobus angolensis LR/lc
        • Superfamily: Hominoidea
          • Family: Hominidae
            • Subfamily: Homininae
              • Tribe: Gorillini
                • Genus: Gorilla
                  • Western gorilla, Gorilla gorilla EN
              • Tribe: Panini
                • Genus: Pan
                  • Common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes EN

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Typical striped grass mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
    • Genus: Poelagus
      • Bunyoro rabbit, Poelagus marjorita LR/lc
    • Genus: Pronolagus
    • Genus: Lepus
      • Cape hare, Lepus capensis LR/lc

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)[]

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

  • Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
    • Subfamily: Erinaceinae
      • Genus: Atelerix
        • Southern African hedgehog, Atelerix frontalis LR/lc

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[]

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
      • Genus: Crocidura
        • Reddish-gray musk shrew, Crocidura cyanea LC
        • Heather shrew, Crocidura erica DD
        • Bicolored musk shrew, Crocidura fuscomurina LC
        • Lesser red musk shrew, Crocidura hirta LC
        • Moonshine shrew, Crocidura luna LC
        • Swamp musk shrew, Crocidura mariquensis LC
        • Blackish white-toothed shrew, Crocidura nigricans LC
        • African black shrew, Crocidura nigrofusca LC
        • African giant shrew, Crocidura olivieri LC
        • Small-footed shrew, Crocidura parvipes LC
        • , Crocidura roosevelti LC
        • Lesser gray-brown musk shrew, Crocidura silacea LC
        • Turbo shrew, Crocidura turba LC
      • Genus: Suncus
        • Greater dwarf shrew, Suncus lixus LC
      • Genus: Sylvisorex
        • Climbing shrew, Sylvisorex megalura LC

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[]

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

  • Family: Manidae
    • Genus: Manis
      • Giant pangolin, Manis gigantea LR/lc
      • Ground pangolin, Manis temminckii LR/nt
      • Long-tailed pangolin, Manis tetradactyla LR/lc
      • Tree pangolin, Manis tricuspis LR/lc

Order: Cetacea (whales)[]

Bryde's whale
Pygmy sperm whale

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
    • Family: Balaenopteridae
      • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
        • Genus: Balaenoptera
          • Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC
          • Antarctic minke whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis DD
          • Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN
          • Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni DD
          • Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN
          • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN
      • Subfamily: Megapterinae
        • Genus: Megaptera
          • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae VU
    • Family: Balaenidae
      • Genus: Eubalaena
        • Southern right whale, Eubalaena australis LR/cd[6][7]
  • Suborder: Odontoceti
    • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
      • Family: Physeteridae
        • Genus: Physeter
          • Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
      • Family: Kogiidae
        • Genus: Kogia
          • Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps LR/lc
          • Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima LR/lc
      • Family: Ziphidae
      • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
        • Genus: Cephalorhynchus
        • Genus: Steno
          • Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis DD
        • Genus: Tursiops
          • Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus DD
        • Genus: Stenella
          • Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata LR/cd
          • Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LR/cd
          • Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis DD
          • Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris LR/cd
        • Genus: Lagenodelphis
        • Genus: Orcinus
          • Orca, Orcinus orca LR/cd
        • Genus: Feresa
          • Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
        • Genus: Pseudorca
          • False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens LR/lc
        • Genus: Globicephala
          • Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus LR/cd
        • Genus: Peponocephala
          • Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra DD

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

African leopard
Common genet
Spotted hyena
Black-backed jackal
Bat-eared fox
Southern elephant seal

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
      • Subfamily: Felinae
        • Genus: Acinonyx
          • Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus VU
        • Genus: Caracal
          • Caracal, C. caracal LC
          • African golden cat, C. aurata VU[8]
        • Genus: Felis
        • Genus: Leptailurus
          • Serval, Leptailurus serval LC
      • Subfamily: Pantherinae
        • Genus: Panthera
          • Lion, Panthera leo VU
          • Leopard, Panthera pardus VU
    • Family: Viverridae
      • Subfamily: Viverrinae
        • Genus: Civettictis
          • African civet, Civettictis civetta LC
        • Genus: Genetta
          • Angolan genet, Genetta angolensis LC
          • Common genet, Genetta genetta LC
          • Rusty-spotted genet, Genetta maculata LC
    • Family: Nandiniidae
      • Genus: Nandinia
        • African palm civet, Nandinia binotata LC
    • Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
      • Genus: Atilax
        • Marsh mongoose, Atilax paludinosus LC
      • Genus: Crossarchus
        • Angolan kusimanse, Crossarchus ansorgei LC
      • Genus: Cynictis
        • Yellow mongoose, Cynictis penicillata LC
      • Genus: Helogale
        • Common dwarf mongoose, Helogale parvula LC
      • Genus: Herpestes
        • Angolan slender mongoose, Herpestes flavescens LC
        • Egyptian mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon LC
        • Common slender mongoose, Herpestes sanguinea LC
      • Genus: Ichneumia
        • White-tailed mongoose, I. albicauda LC[9]
      • Genus: Mungos
        • Banded mongoose, Mungos mungo LC
      • Genus: Paracynictis
      • Genus: Suricata
        • Meerkat, Suricata suricatta LC
    • Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
      • Genus: Crocuta
        • Spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta LC
      • Genus: Parahyaena
        • Brown hyena, P. brunnea NT
      • Genus: Proteles
        • Aardwolf, Proteles cristatus LC
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Lupulella
        • Side-striped jackal, L. adusta LC
        • Black-backed jackal, L. mesomelas LC
      • Genus: Vulpes
        • Cape fox, Vulpes chama LC
      • Genus: Otocyon
        • Bat-eared fox, Otocyon megalotis LC
      • Genus: Lycaon
        • African wild dog, Lycaon pictus EN
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Ictonyx
        • Striped polecat, Ictonyx striatus LC
      • Genus: Poecilogale
        • African striped weasel, Poecilogale albinucha LC
      • Genus: Mellivora
        • Honey badger, Mellivora capensis LC
      • Genus: Hydrictis
        • Speckle-throated otter, Hydrictis maculicollis LC
      • Genus: Aonyx
        • African clawless otter, Aonyx capensis LC
        • Cameroon clawless otter, Aonyx congicus NT
    • Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sealions)
    • Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
      • Genus: Mirounga
        • Southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina LC

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)[]

Chapman's zebra
Black rhinoceros

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Lichtenstein's hartebeest
Bushbuck
Blue duiker
Roan antelope
Waterbuck

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Subfamily: Phacochoerinae
      • Genus: Phacochoerus
        • Common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus
    • Subfamily: Suinae
      • Genus: Potamochoerus
        • Bushpig, Potamochoerus larvatus
  • Family: Hippopotamidae (hippopotamuses)
    • Genus: Hippopotamus
      • Hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius VU
  • Family: Tragulidae
    • Genus: Hyemoschus
      • Hyemoschus aquaticus DD
  • Family: Giraffidae (giraffe, okapi)
    • Genus: Giraffa
      • Angolan giraffe, Giraffa giraffa angolensis VU
  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Subfamily: Alcelaphinae
      • Genus: Alcelaphus
      • Genus: Connochaetes
        • Blue wildebeest, Connochaetes taurinus
      • Genus: Damaliscus
        • Topi, Damaliscus lunatus
    • Subfamily: Antilopinae
      • Genus: Antidorcas
        • Springbok antelope, Antidorcas marsupialis
      • Genus: Madoqua
      • Genus: Oreotragus
        • Klipspringer, Oreotragus oreotragus
      • Genus: Ourebia
        • Oribi, Ourebia ourebi
      • Genus: Raphicerus
        • Steenbok, Raphicerus campestris
    • Subfamily: Bovinae
      • Genus: Syncerus
        • African buffalo, S. caffer NT[11]
      • Genus: Tragelaphus
        • Bongo, Tragelaphus eurycerus
        • Common eland, Tragelaphus oryx
        • Bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus
        • Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekii
        • Greater kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros
    • Subfamily: Cephalophinae
      • Genus: Cephalophus
        • Bay duiker, Cephalophus dorsalis
        • Blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola
        • Black-fronted duiker, Cephalophus nigrifrons
        • Yellow-backed duiker, Cephalophus silvicultor
      • Genus: Sylvicapra
        • Common duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia
    • Subfamily: Hippotraginae
      • Genus: Hippotragus
        • Roan antelope, Hippotragus equinus
        • Sable antelope, Hippotragus niger
      • Genus: Oryx
        • Gemsbok, Oryx gazella LC possibly extirpated
    • Subfamily: Aepycerotinae
      • Genus: Aepyceros
        • Impala, Aepyceros melampus
    • Subfamily: Reduncinae
      • Genus: Kobus
        • Waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus
        • Lechwe, Kobus leche
        • Puku, Kobus vardonii
      • Genus: Redunca
        • Southern reedbuck, Redunca arundinum

Notes[]

  1. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
  2. ^ Beja, Pedro; Vaz Pinto, Pedro; Veríssimo, Luís; Bersacola, Elena; Fabiano, Ezequiel; Palmeirim, Jorge M.; Monadjem, Ara; Monterroso, Pedro; Svensson, Magdalena S.; Taylor, Peter John (2019). "The Mammals of Angola". Biodiversity of Angola. Springer International Publishing. pp. 357–443. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03083-4_15. hdl:10400.5/17770. ISBN 978-3-030-03082-7. S2CID 134372977.
  3. ^ Mateus, Octávio; Callapez, Pedro M.; Polcyn, Michael J.; Schulp, Anne S.; Gonçalves, António Olímpio; Jacobs, Louis L. (2019). "The Fossil Record of Biodiversity in Angola Through Time: A Paleontological Perspective". Biodiversity of Angola. Springer International Publishing. pp. 53–76. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03083-4_4. ISBN 978-3-030-03082-7. S2CID 133717540.
  4. ^ Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Balfour, D.; Wittemyer, G.; Maisels, F.; Taylor, R.D. (2021). "Loxodonta africana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T181008073A204401095. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T181008073A204401095.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  5. ^ Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Maisels, F.; Wittemyer, G.; Balfour, D.; Taylor, R.D. (2021). "Loxodonta cyclotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T181007989A204404464. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T181007989A204404464.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  6. ^ Roux, Jean Paul. Braby, Rod J., Best, Peter B. 2013. Does disappearance mean extirpation? The case of right whales off Namibia.
  7. ^ Duke University (2008). Spatial Ecology of the North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena Glacialis) (book). ISBN 9780549492252. Retrieved 2015-12-04.
  8. ^ Bahaa-el-din, L.; Mills, D.; Hunter, L. & Henschel, P. (2015). "Caracal aurata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18306A50663128.
  9. ^ Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Ichneumia albicauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41620A45208640.
  10. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2019). "Alcelaphus buselaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T811A143160967.
  11. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2019). "Syncerus caffer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21251A50195031.

References[]

See also[]

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