List of mammals of the Republic of the Congo

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in the Republic of the Congo. Of the mammal species in the Republic of the Congo, five are endangered, nine are vulnerable, and four are near threatened.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: Afrosoricida (tenrecs and golden moles)[]

The order Afrosoricida contains the golden moles of southern Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar and Africa, two families of small mammals that were traditionally part of the order Insectivora.

  • Family: Tenrecidae (tenrecs)
  • Family: Chrysochloridae
    • Subfamily: Amblysominae
      • Genus: Calcochloris
        • Congo golden mole, Calcochloris leucorhinus DD

Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes)[]

The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.

  • Family: Procaviidae (hyraxes)
    • Genus: Dendrohyrax
      • Western tree hyrax, D. dorsalis LC

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)[]

African forest elephant in the Congo Basin

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living terrestrial animals.

  • Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
    • Genus: Loxodonta
      • African forest elephant, L. cyclotis CR[2]

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)[]

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

  • Family: Trichechidae
    • Genus: Trichechus
      • African manatee, Trichechus senegalensis VU

Order: Primates[]

Allen's swamp monkey
De Brazza's monkey
Mantled guereza
Common chimpanzee
Western lowland gorilla

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.

  • Suborder: Strepsirrhini
  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Catarrhini
        • Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
          • Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
            • Genus: Allenopithecus
            • Genus: Miopithecus
              • Angolan talapoin, Miopithecus talapoin LR/lc
              • Gabon talapoin, Miopithecus ogouensis LR/lc
            • Genus: Chlorocebus
            • Genus: Cercopithecus
              • Moustached guenon, Cercopithecus cephus LR/lc
              • De Brazza's monkey, Cercopithecus neglectus LR/lc
              • Greater spot-nosed monkey, Cercopithecus nictitans LR/lc
              • Crowned guenon, Cercopithecus pogonias LR/lc
            • Genus: Lophocebus
              • Grey-cheeked mangabey, Lophocebus albigena LR/lc
            • Genus: Papio
              • Olive baboon, Papio anubis LR/lc
            • Genus: Cercocebus
              • Collared mangabey, Cercocebus torquatus LR/nt
            • Genus: Mandrillus
              • Mandrill, Mandrillus sphinx VU
            • Subfamily: Colobinae
        • Superfamily: Hominoidea
          • Family: Hominidae (great apes)
            • Subfamily: Homininae
              • Tribe: Gorillini
                • Genus: Gorilla
                  • Western gorilla, Gorilla gorilla EN
              • Tribe: Panini
                • Genus: Pan
                  • Common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes EN

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

African brush-tailed porcupine

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[]

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
    • Subfamily: Myosoricinae
      • Genus: Congosorex
        • Lesser Congo shrew, Congosorex verheyeni LC

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

Egyptian fruit bat

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[]

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

  • Family: Manidae
    • Genus: Manis
      • Giant pangolin, Manis gigantea LR/lc
      • Long-tailed pangolin, Manis tetradactyla LR/lc
      • Tree pangolin, Manis tricuspis LR/lc

Order: Cetacea (whales and dolphins and porpoises)[]

Humpback whale
Dwarf sperm whale
Orca

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
    • Family: Balaenopteridae
      • Subfamily: Megapterinae
        • Genus: Megaptera
          • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC (possibly not as abundant as other populations)
      • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
        • Genus: Balaenoptera
          • Blue whale, Balaenoptera m. musculus intermedia EN[3][4]
          • Southern fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus quoyi EN[3]
          • Southern sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis schlegelii EN[3]
          • Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni DD
          • Antarctic minke whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis DD
          • Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LR/nt
  • Suborder: Odontoceti
    • Family: Physeteridae
      • Genus: Physeter
        • Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
    • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
      • Family: Kogiidae
        • Genus: Kogia
          • Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps DD
          • Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima DD
      • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
        • Genus: Stenella
          • Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata DD
          • Clymene dolphin, Stenella clymene DD
          • Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba DD
          • Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis DD
          • Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris DD
        • Genus: Steno
          • Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis DD
        • Genus: Sousa
          • Atlantic humpback dolphin, Sousa teuszii NT (now rare)
        • Genus: Tursiops
          • Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus DD
        • Genus: Lagenodelphis
        • Genus: Feresa
          • Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
        • Genus: Pseudorca
          • False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD
        • Genus: Globicephala
        • Genus: Orcinus
          • Orca, Orcinus orca DD
        • Genus: Peponocephala
          • Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra DD
      • Family: Ziphidae

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Black ratel (M. c. cottoni), a pure black subspecies of honey badger native to the Congo

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae
      • Subfamily: Felinae
        • Genus: Caracal
          • African golden cat, C. aurata VU[5]
        • Genus: Leptailurus
          • Serval, Leptailurus serval LC[6]
      • Subfamily: Pantherinae
        • Genus: Panthera
          • Leopard, P. pardus VU[7]
    • Family: Viverridae
    • Family: Nandiniidae
      • Genus: Nandinia
        • African palm civet, N. binotata LC[12]
    • Family: Herpestidae
    • Family: Hyaenidae
      • Genus: Crocuta
        • Spotted hyena, C. crocuta LC
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae
      • Genus: Lupulella
        • Side-striped jackal, L. adusta LC
    • Family: Mustelidae
      • Genus: Ictonyx
        • Striped polecat, I. striatus LC
      • Genus: Mellivora
        • Honey badger, M. capensis LC[14]
      • Genus: Lutra
        • Speckle-throated otter, H. maculicollis NT[15]
      • Genus: Aonyx
        • African clawless otter, A. capensis NT

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Bushbuck
Blue duiker

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Subfamily: Phacochoerinae
      • Genus: Phacochoerus
        • Common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus
    • Subfamily: Suinae
      • Genus: Hylochoerus
        • Giant forest hog, Hylochoerus meinertzhageni
      • Genus: Potamochoerus
        • Red river hog, Potamochoerus porcus
  • Family: Hippopotamidae (hippopotamuses)
    • Genus: Hippopotamus
      • Hippopotamus, H. amphibius VU[16]
  • Family: Tragulidae
    • Genus: Hyemoschus
      • Water chevrotain, Hyemoschus aquaticus
  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Subfamily: Antilopinae
    • Subfamily: Bovinae
      • Genus: Syncerus
        • African buffalo, Syncerus caffer
      • Genus: Tragelaphus
        • Bongo, Tragelaphus eurycerus
        • Bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus
        • Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekii
    • Subfamily: Cephalophinae
      • Genus: Cephalophus
        • Peters's duiker, Cephalophus callipygus LR/nt
        • Bay duiker, Cephalophus dorsalis LR/nt
        • White-bellied duiker, Cephalophus leucogaster LR/nt
        • Blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola LR/lc
        • Black-fronted duiker, Cephalophus nigrifrons LR/nt
        • Ogilby's duiker, Cephalophus ogilbyi LR/nt
        • Yellow-backed duiker, Cephalophus silvicultor LR/nt
      • Genus: Sylvicapra
        • Common duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Reduncinae
      • Genus: Kobus
        • Waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus LR/cd
      • Genus: Redunca
        • Southern reedbuck, Redunca arundinum LR/cd

References[]

  1. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
  2. ^ Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Balfour, D.; Wittemyer, G.; Maisels, F.; Taylor, R.D. (2021). "Loxodonta africana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T181008073A204401095. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T181008073A204401095.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Hoyt, Erich (2005). Marine protected areas for whales, dolphins, and porpoises: a world handbook for cetacean habitat conservation. Earthscan. p. 202. ISBN 1-84407-064-6.
  4. ^ Reilly, S.B.; Bannister, J.L.; Best, P.B.; Brown, M.; Brownell Jr., R.L.; Butterworth, D.S.; Clapham, P.J.; Cooke, J.; Donovan, G.P.; Urbán, J. & Zerbini, A.N. (2008). "Balaenoptera musculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T2477A9447146. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T2477A9447146.en.
  5. ^ Bahaa-el-din, L.; Mills, D.; Hunter, L. & Henschel, P. (2015). "Caracal aurata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18306A50663128.
  6. ^ Thiel, C. (2015). "Leptailurus serval". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T11638A50654625.
  7. ^ Stein, A.B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro-Garcia, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Laguardia, A.; Khorozyan, I. & Ghoddousi, A. (2019). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T15954A160698029.
  8. ^ Do Linh San, E.; Gaubert, P.; Wondmagegne, D. & Ray, J. (2015). "Civettictis civetta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41695A45218199.
  9. ^ Gaubert, P.; De Luca, D.W.; Rovero, F. & Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Genetta servalina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41700A97163789. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  10. ^ Gaubert, P. & Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta poensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T136435A45221269.
  11. ^ Gaubert, P. & Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Poiana richardsonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41704A45219609.
  12. ^ Gaubert, P.; Bahaa-el-din, L.; Ray, J. & Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Nandinia binotata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41589A45204645.
  13. ^ Angelici, F. M. & Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Crossarchus alexandri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41593A45205341.
  14. ^ Do Linh San, E.; Begg, C.; Begg, K. & Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mellivora capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41629A45210107.
  15. ^ Reed-Smith, J.; Jacques, H. & Somers, M.J. (2015). "Hydrictis maculicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12420A21936042.
  16. ^ Lewison, R. & Pluháček, J. (2017). "Hippopotamus amphibius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T10103A18567364.

See also[]

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