List of mammals of Nigeria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Nigeria. Of the mammal species in Nigeria, one is critically endangered, thirteen are endangered, sixteen are vulnerable, and ten are near threatened. One of the species listed for Nigeria can no longer be found in the wild.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: Afrosoricida (tenrecs and golden moles)[]

The order Afrosoricida contains the golden moles of southern Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar and Africa, two families of small mammals that were traditionally part of the order Insectivora.

  • Family: Tenrecidae (tenrecs)
    • Subfamily: Potamogalinae
      • Genus: Potamogale
        • Giant otter shrew, P. velox LC

Order: Tubulidentata (aardvarks)[]

Aardvark

The order Tubulidentata consists of a single species, the aardvark. Tubulidentata are characterised by their teeth which lack a pulp cavity and form thin tubes which are continuously worn down and replaced.

  • Family: Orycteropodidae
    • Genus: Orycteropus
      • Aardvark, O. afer LC[2]

Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes)[]

Cape hyrax

The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.

  • Family: Procaviidae
    • Genus: Dendrohyrax
      • Western tree hyrax, D. dorsalis LC
    • Genus: Procavia
      • Cape hyrax, P. capensis LC[3]

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)[]

African bush elephant

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

  • Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
    • Genus: Loxodonta
      • African bush elephant, L. africana EN[4]
      • African forest elephant, L. cyclotis CR[5]

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)[]

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

  • Family: Trichechidae
    • Genus: Trichechus
      • African manatee, T. senegalensis VU

Order: Primates[]

Senegal bushbaby

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.

  • Suborder: Strepsirrhini
    • Infraorder: Lemuriformes
      • Superfamily: Lorisoidea
        • Family: Lorisidae
          • Genus: Arctocebus
            • Calabar angwantibo, Arctocebus calabarensis LR/nt
          • Genus: Perodicticus
            • West-African potto, Perodicticus (potto) potto LR/lc
            • Milne-Edward's potto, Perodictus (potto) edwardsi LR/lc
        • Family: Galagidae
  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Catarrhini
        • Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
          • Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
            • Genus: Erythrocebus
              • Patas monkey, Erythrocebus patas LR/nt
            • Genus: Chlorocebus
              • Tantalus monkey, Chlorocebus tantalus LR/lc
            • Genus: Cercopithecus
              • White-throated guenon, Cercopithecus erythrogaster EN
              • Red-eared guenon, Cercopithecus erythrotis VU
              • Mona monkey, Cercopithecus mona LR/nt
              • Greater spot-nosed monkey, Cercopithecus nictitans LR/nt
              • Crowned guenon, Cercopithecus pogonias LR/lc
              • Preuss's monkey, Cercopithecus preussi EN
              • Putty-nosed monkey, Cercopithecus nictitans LR/nt
              • Sclater's guenon, Cercopithecus sclateri EN
            • Genus: Lophocebus
              • Grey-cheeked mangabey, Lophocebus albigena VU
            • Genus: Papio
              • Olive baboon, Papio anubis LR/lc
            • Genus: Cercocebus
              • Collared mangabey, Cercocebus torquatus EN
            • Genus: Mandrillus
              • Drill, Mandrillus leucophaeus EN
            • Subfamily: Colobinae
              • Genus: Colobus
                • Mantled guereza, Colobus guereza LR/lc
                • Ursine colobus, Colobus vellerosus CR
              • Genus: Procolobus
                • Olive colobus, Procolobus verus VU
              • Genus: Piliocolobus
        • Superfamily: Hominoidea
          • Family: Hominidae
            • Subfamily: Homininae
              • Tribe: Gorillini
                • Genus: Gorilla
                  • Western gorilla, Gorilla gorilla CR
              • Tribe: Panini
                • Genus: Pan
                  • Common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes EN

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
    • Genus: Lepus
      • African savanna hare, L. victoriae LC[6]

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)[]

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

  • Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[]

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
      • Genus: Crocidura
        • Hun shrew, Crocidura attila LC
        • Buettikofer's shrew, Crocidura buettikoferi LC
        • Crosse's shrew, Crocidura crossei LC
        • Dent's shrew, Crocidura denti LC
        • Long-tailed musk shrew, Crocidura dolichura LC
        • Doucet's musk shrew, Crocidura douceti DD
        • Fox's shrew, Crocidura foxi LC
        • Savanna shrew, Crocidura fulvastra LC
        • Bicolored musk shrew, Crocidura fuscomurina LC
        • Large-headed shrew, Crocidura grandiceps NT
        • Lamotte's shrew, Crocidura lamottei LC
        • Savanna swamp shrew, Crocidura longipes DD
        • Mauritanian shrew, Crocidura lusitania LC
        • Nigerian shrew, Crocidura nigeriae LC
        • West African pygmy shrew, Crocidura obscurior LC
        • African giant shrew, Crocidura olivieri LC
        • Small-footed shrew, Crocidura parvipes LC
        • Flat-headed shrew, Crocidura planiceps DD
        • Fraser's musk shrew, Crocidura poensis LC
        • Savanna path shrew, Crocidura viaria LC
        • Voi shrew, Crocidura voi LC
        • Yankari shrew, Crocidura yankariensis LC
      • Genus: Suncus
        • Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus LC
        • Least dwarf shrew, Suncus infinitesimus LC
      • Genus: Sylvisorex

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[]

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters (not to be confused with the taxonomical anteaters) and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

  • Family: Manidae
    • Genus: Phataginus
      • Long-tailed pangolin, P. tetradactyla VU[8]
      • Tree pangolin, P. tricuspis EN[9]
    • Genus Smutsia
      • Giant pangolin, M. gigantea EN[10]

Order: Cetacea (whales)[]

Spinner dolphins

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
    • Family: Balaenopteridae
      • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
        • Genus: Balaenoptera
          • Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC
          • Antarctic minke whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis DD
          • Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN
          • Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni DD
          • Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN
          • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN
      • Subfamily: Megapterinae
        • Genus: Megaptera
          • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae VU
  • Suborder: Odontoceti
    • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
      • Family: Physeteridae
        • Genus: Physeter
          • Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
      • Family: Kogiidae
        • Genus: Kogia
          • Pygmy sperm whale, K. breviceps DD[11]
          • Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima
      • Family: Ziphidae
      • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
        • Genus: Steno
          • Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis DD
        • Genus: Tursiops
          • Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus LC
        • Genus: Delphinus
          • Long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis DD
        • Genus: Stenella
          • Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata LR/cd
          • Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LR/cd
          • Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis DD
          • Clymene dolphin, Stenella clymene DD
          • Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris LR/cd
        • Genus: Lagenodelphis
        • Genus: Sousa
          • Atlantic humpback dolphin, Sousa teuszii
        • Genus: Orcinus
        • Genus: Feresa
          • Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
        • Genus: Pseudorca
          • False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens LR/lc
        • Genus: Globicephala
          • Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus LR/cd
        • Genus: Peponocephala
          • Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra DD

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Lion
African leopard
Common genet
Banded mongoose
African golden wolf

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
      • Subfamily: Felinae
      • Subfamily: Pantherinae
        • Genus: Panthera
          • Lion, P. leo VU[16]
          • Leopard, P. pardus VU[17]
    • Family: Viverridae
    • Family: Nandiniidae
      • Genus: Nandinia
        • African palm civet, N. binotata LC[23]
    • Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
      • Genus: Atilax
        • Marsh mongoose, A. paludinosus LC[24]
      • Genus: Bdeogale
        • Black-footed mongoose, B. nigripes LC[25]
      • Genus: Crossarchus
        • Flat-headed kusimanse, C. platycephalus LC[26]
      • Genus: Herpestes
        • Egyptian mongoose, H. ichneumon LC[27]
        • Common slender mongoose, H. sanguineus LC[28]
      • Genus: Ichneumia
        • White-tailed mongoose, I. albicauda LC[29]
      • Genus: Mungos
        • Gambian mongoose, M. gambianus LC[30]
        • Banded mongoose, M. mungo LC[31]
      • Genus: Xenogale
        • Long-nosed mongoose, X. naso LC[32]
    • Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
      • Genus: Crocuta
        • Spotted hyena, C. crocuta LC[33]
      • Genus: Hyaena
        • Striped hyena, H. hyaena NT[34]
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Vulpes
      • Pale fox, V. pallida LC[35]
      • Genus: Canis
        • African golden wolf, C. lupaster LC[36]
      • Genus: Lupulella
        • Side-striped jackal, L. adusta LC
      • Genus: Lycaon
        • African wild dog, L. pictus EN possibly extirpated[37]
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Pygmy hippopotamus
Hartebeest
Dorcas gazelle
Giant eland
Yellow-backed duiker
Scimitar oryx
Kob
Mountain reedbuck

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Subfamily: Phacochoerinae
      • Genus: Phacochoerus
        • Common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus
    • Subfamily: Suinae
      • Genus: Hylochoerus
        • Giant forest hog, Hylochoerus meinertzhageni
      • Genus: Potamochoerus
        • Red river hog, Potamochoerus porcus
  • Family: Hippopotamidae (hippopotamuses)
    • Genus: Choeropsis
      • Pygmy hippopotamus, C. liberiensis EN extirpated
    • Genus: Hippopotamus
      • Hippopotamus, H. amphibius VU[44]
  • Family: Tragulidae
    • Genus: Hyemoschus
      • Water chevrotain, Hyemoschus aquaticus DD
  • Family: Giraffidae (giraffe, okapi)
    • Genus: Giraffa
      • Giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis VU extirpated
  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Subfamily: Alcelaphinae
    • Subfamily: Antilopinae
      • Genus: Gazella
        • Dorcas gazelle, Gazella dorcas VU possibly extirpated
        • Red-fronted gazelle, Gazella rufifrons VU
      • Genus: Nanger
        • Dama gazelle, Nanger dama CR extirpated, vagrant
      • Genus: Neotragus
      • Genus: Oreotragus
        • Klipspringer, Oreotragus oreotragus LR/cd
      • Genus: Ourebia
        • Oribi, Ourebia ourebi LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Bovinae
      • Genus: Syncerus
        • African buffalo, S. caffer NT[46]
      • Genus: Tragelaphus
        • Giant eland, Tragelaphus derbianus LR/nt
        • Bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus LR/lc
        • Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekii LR/nt
    • Subfamily: Cephalophinae
      • Genus: Cephalophus
        • Bay duiker, Cephalophus dorsalis LR/nt
        • Maxwell's duiker, Cephalophus maxwellii LR/nt
        • Blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola LR/lc
        • Black duiker, Cephalophus Niger LR/nt
        • Black-fronted duiker, Cephalophus nigrifrons LR/nt
        • Ogilby's duiker, Cephalophus ogilbyi LR/nt
        • Red-flanked duiker, Cephalophus rufilatus LR/cd
        • Yellow-backed duiker, Cephalophus silvicultor LR/nt
      • Genus: Sylvicapra
        • Common duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Hippotraginae
      • Genus: Hippotragus
        • Roan antelope, Hippotragus equinus LR/cd
      • Genus: Oryx
        • Scimitar oryx, Oryx dammah EW
    • Subfamily: Reduncinae
      • Genus: Kobus
        • Waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus LR/cd
        • Kob, Kobus kob LR/cd
      • Genus: Redunca
        • Mountain reedbuck, Redunca fulvorufula LC
        • Bohor reedbuck, Redunca redunca LR/cd

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
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  3. ^ Butynski, T.; Hoeck, H.; Koren, L. & de Jong, Y.A. (2015). "Procavia capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41766A21285876.
  4. ^ Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Balfour, D.; Wittemyer, G.; Maisels, F.; Taylor, R.D. (2021). "Loxodonta africana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T181008073A204401095. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T181008073A204401095.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  5. ^ Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Maisels, F.; Wittemyer, G.; Balfour, D.; Taylor, R.D. (2021). "Loxodonta cyclotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T181007989A204404464. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T181007989A204404464.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  6. ^ Johnston, C.H.; Robinson, T.J.; Relton, C.; Child, M.F. & Smith, A.T. (2019). "Lepus victoriae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41879A45194215.
  7. ^ Gazaryan, S.; Bücs, S. & Çoraman, E. (2020). "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T81633057A151216401.
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  17. ^ Stein, A.B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro-Garcia, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Laguardia, A.; Khorozyan, I. & Ghoddousi, A. (2019). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T15954A160698029.
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  19. ^ Gaubert, P.; Angelici, F.M. & Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta cristata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T8998A45198406.
  20. ^ Gaubert, P.; Carvalho, F.; Camps, D. & Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta genetta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41698A45218636.
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  29. ^ Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Ichneumia albicauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41620A45208640.
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  38. ^ Ahmim, M. & Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Ictonyx libyca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41645A45212347.
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