List of mammals of Tanzania

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Tanzania. Of the mammal species in Tanzania, 2 are critically endangered, 13 are endangered, 19 are vulnerable, and 17 are near threatened.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized population well outside its historic range.
CR Critically endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not currently qualify as being at high risk of extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern The species is not currently at risk of extinction in the wild.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to assess the risk of extinction for this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: Afrosoricida (tenrecs and golden moles)[]

The order Afrosoricida contains the golden moles of southern Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar and Africa, two families of small mammals that were traditionally part of the order Insectivora.

  • Family: Tenrecidae (tenrecs)
    • Subfamily: Potamogalinae
      • Genus: Potamogale
        • Giant otter shrew, P. velox LC
  • Family: Chrysochloridae

Order: Macroscelidea (elephant shrews)[]

Often called sengis, the elephant shrews or jumping shrews are native to southern Africa. Their common English name derives from their elongated flexible snout and their resemblance to the true shrews.

  • Family: Macroscelididae (elephant-shrews)
    • Genus: Elephantulus
      • Short-snouted elephant shrew, Elephantulus brachyrhynchus LC
      • Rufous elephant shrew, Elephantulus rufescens LC
    • Genus: Petrodromus
      • Four-toed elephant shrew, Petrodromus tetradactylus LC
    • Genus: Rhynchocyon
      • Checkered elephant shrew, R. cirnei LC
      • Black and rufous elephant shrew, R. petersi LC
      • Grey-faced elephant shrew, R. udzungwensis VU

Order: Tubulidentata (aardvarks)[]

Aardvark

The order Tubulidentata consists of a single species, the aardvark. Tubulidentata are characterised by their teeth which lack a pulp cavity and form thin tubes which are continuously worn down and replaced.

  • Family: Orycteropodidae
    • Genus: Orycteropus
      • Aardvark, O. afer LC

Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes)[]

Cape hyrax

The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.

  • Family: Procaviidae (hyraxes)
    • Genus: Dendrohyrax
      • Southern tree hyrax, Dendrohyrax arboreus LC
      • Western tree hyrax, Dendrohyrax dorsalis LC
      • Eastern tree hyrax, Dendrohyrax validus NT
    • Genus: Heterohyrax
      • Yellow-spotted rock hyrax, Heterohyrax brucei LC
    • Genus: Procavia
      • Cape hyrax, Procavia capensis LC

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)[]

African bush elephant

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

  • Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
    • Genus: Loxodonta
      • African bush elephant, L. africana EN[2]

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)[]

Dugongs

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

  • Family: Dugongidae
    • Genus: Dugong
      • Dugong, D. dugon VU

Order: Primates[]

Senegal bushbaby
Brown greater galago
Blue monkey
Mantled guereza

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.

  • Suborder: Strepsirrhini
  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Catarrhini
        • Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
          • Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
            • Genus: Erythrocebus
              • Patas monkey, Erythrocebus patas LR/lc
            • Genus: Chlorocebus
              • Vervet monkey, Chlorocebus pygerythrus LR/lc
            • Genus: Cercopithecus
              • Red-tailed monkey, Cercopithecus ascanius LR/lc
              • Blue monkey, Cercopithecus mitis LR/lc
            • Genus: Lophocebus
              • Grey-cheeked mangabey, Lophocebus albigena LR/lc
            • Genus: Papio
              • Olive baboon, Papio anubis LR/lc
              • Yellow baboon, Papio cynocephalus LR/lc
            • Genus: Cercocebus
            • Subfamily: Colobinae
              • Genus: Colobus
                • Angola colobus, Colobus angolensis LR/lc
                • Mantled guereza, Colobus guereza LR/lc
              • Genus: Procolobus
        • Superfamily: Hominoidea
          • Family: Hominidae
            • Subfamily: Homininae
              • Tribe: Panini
                • Genus: Pan
                  • Common chimpanzee, P. troglodytes EN
                    • Eastern chimpanzee, P. t. schweinfurthii EN

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

African brush-tailed porcupine
Cape porcupine
Spiny mouse
Typical striped grass mouse
Acacia rat

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
    • Genus: Pronolagus
    • Genus: Lepus
      • Cape hare, Lepus capensis LR/lc
      • African savanna hare, Lepus microtis LR/lc

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)[]

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

  • Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[]

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
      • Genus: Crocidura
        • East African highland shrew, Crocidura allex LC
        • Reddish-gray musk shrew, Crocidura cyanea LC
        • Desperate shrew, Crocidura desperata EN
        • Elgon shrew, Crocidura elgonius LC
        • Fischer's shrew, Crocidura fischeri DD
        • Bicolored musk shrew, Crocidura fuscomurina LC
        • Peters's musk shrew, Crocidura gracilipes DD
        • Hildegarde's shrew, Crocidura hildegardeae LC
        • Lesser red musk shrew, Crocidura hirta LC
        • Moonshine shrew, Crocidura luna LC
        • Kilimanjaro shrew, Crocidura monax DD
        • Montane white-toothed shrew, Crocidura montis LC
        • Savanna dwarf shrew, Crocidura nanilla LC
        • African giant shrew, Crocidura olivieri LC
        • Small-footed shrew, Crocidura parvipes LC
        • Roosevelt's shrew, Crocidura roosevelti LC
        • Lesser gray-brown musk shrew, Crocidura silacea LC
        • Tanzanian shrew, Crocidura tansaniana VU
        • Telford's shrew, Crocidura telfordi EN
        • Turbo shrew, Crocidura turba LC
        • Usambara shrew, Crocidura usambarae EN
        • Xanthippe's shrew, Crocidura xantippe LC
      • Genus: Suncus
        • Least dwarf shrew, Suncus infinitesimus LC
        • Greater dwarf shrew, Suncus lixus LC
        • Lesser dwarf shrew, Suncus varilla LC
      • Genus: Sylvisorex
    • Subfamily: Myosoricinae

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

Bats are unique among the mammals in that they are capable of sustained flight. Bats are instantly recognisable by the presence of a flight membrane which stretches between elongated bones in the hand and wrist forming the wing structure. Whilst we do not tend to think of bats as a "typical mammal", bats account for over 20% of all mammals species. Their extensive radiation and great diversity can be attributed to the evolutionary innovation of flight.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[]

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

  • Family: Manidae
    • Genus: Manis
      • Giant pangolin, Manis gigantea LR/lc
      • Ground pangolin, Manis temminckii LR/nt
      • Tree pangolin, Manis tricuspis LR/lc

Order: Cetacea (whales)[]

Sei whale
Pantropical spotted dolphin
False killer whale

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
    • Family: Balaenopteridae
      • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
        • Genus: Balaenoptera
          • Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC
          • Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN
          • Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni DD
          • Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN
          • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN
      • Subfamily: Megapterinae
        • Genus: Megaptera
          • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae VU
  • Suborder: Odontoceti
    • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
      • Family: Physeteridae
        • Genus: Physeter
          • Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
      • Family: Kogiidae
        • Genus: Kogia
          • Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps LR/lc
          • Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima LR/lc
      • Family: Ziphidae
      • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
        • Genus: Steno
          • Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis DD
        • Genus: Sousa
          • Indian humpback dolphin, Sousa plumbea DD
        • Genus: Tursiops
          • Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus DD
          • Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus DD
        • Genus: Stenella
          • Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata LR/cd
          • Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LR/cd
          • Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris LR/cd
        • Genus: Lagenodelphis
        • Genus: Grampus
        • Genus: Feresa
          • Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
        • Genus: Pseudorca
          • False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens LR/lc
        • Genus: Orcinus
          • Orca, Orcinus orca LR/cd
        • Genus: Globicephala
          • Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus LR/cd
        • Genus: Peponocephala
          • Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra DD

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Cheetah
African leopard
Common genet
Spotted hyena
  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
      • Subfamily: Felinae
        • Genus: Acinonyx
          • Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus VU[4]
        • Genus: Caracal
          • Caracal, C. caracal LC[5]
        • Genus: Felis
        • Genus: Leptailurus
          • Serval, L. serval LC[6]
      • Subfamily: Pantherinae
        • Genus: Panthera
          • Lion, P. leo VU[7]
          • Leopard, P. pardus VU[8]
            • African leopard, P. p. pardus
            • Zanzibar leopard, P. p. pardus, possibly EX
    • Family: Viverridae
      • Subfamily: Viverrinae
        • Genus: Civettictis
          • African civet, C. civetta LC[9]
        • Genus: Genetta
          • Angolan genet, Genetta angolensis LC
          • Common genet, Genetta genetta LC
          • Rusty-spotted genet, Genetta maculata LC
          • Servaline genet, Genetta servalina LC
    • Family: Nandiniidae
      • Genus: Nandinia
        • African palm civet, Nandinia binotata LC
    • Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
      • Genus: Atilax
        • Marsh mongoose, Atilax paludinosus LC
      • Genus: Bdeogale
      • Genus: Helogale
        • Common dwarf mongoose, Helogale parvula LC
      • Genus: Herpestes
        • Egyptian mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon LC
        • Common slender mongoose, Herpestes sanguinea LC
      • Genus: Mungos
        • Banded mongoose, Mungos mungo LClc
      • Genus: Rhynchogale
      • Genus: Urva
        • Small Indian mongoose, Urva auropunctata LC[11] introduced
      • Genus: Xenogale
        • Long-nosed mongoose, Xenogale naso LC
    • Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
      • Genus: Crocuta
        • Spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta LC
      • Genus: Hyaena
        • Striped hyena, Hyaena hyaena NT
      • Genus: Proteles
        • Aardwolf, Proteles cristatus LC
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Canis
        • African golden wolf, Canis lupaster LC
      • Genus: Lupulella
        • Side-striped jackal, L. adusta LC
        • Black-backed jackal, L. mesomelas LC
      • Genus: Otocyon
        • Bat-eared fox, Otocyon megalotis LC
      • Genus: Lycaon
        • African wild dog, Lycaon pictus EN
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Ictonyx
        • Striped polecat, Ictonyx striatus LC
      • Genus: Poecilogale
        • African striped weasel, Poecilogale albinucha LC
      • Genus: Mellivora
        • Honey badger, Mellivora capensis LC
      • Genus: Hydrictis
        • Speckle-throated otter, Hydrictis maculicollis LC
      • Genus: Aonyx
        • African clawless otter, Aonyx capensis LC

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)[]

Eastern black rhinoceros

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Hartebeest
Thomson's gazelle
African buffalo
Greater kudu
Blue duiker
Sable antelope
Puku
Mountain reedbuck

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Subfamily: Phacochoerinae
      • Genus: Phacochoerus
        • Common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Suinae
      • Genus: Hylochoerus
        • Giant forest hog, Hylochoerus meinertzhageni LR/lc
      • Genus: Potamochoerus
        • Bushpig, Potamochoerus larvatus LR/lc
  • Family: Hippopotamidae (hippopotamuses)
    • Genus: Hippopotamus
      • Hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius VU
  • Family: Giraffidae (giraffe, okapi)
  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Subfamily: Alcelaphinae
      • Genus: Alcelaphus
      • Genus: Connochaetes
        • Blue wildebeest, Connochaetes taurinus LR/cd
      • Genus: Damaliscus
        • Topi, Damaliscus lunatus LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Antilopinae
      • Genus: Gazella
      • Genus: Litocranius
        • Gerenuk, Litocranius walleri LR/cd
      • Genus: Madoqua
      • Genus: Neotragus
        • Suni, Neotragus moschatus LR/cd
      • Genus: Oreotragus
        • Klipspringer, Oreotragus oreotragus LR/cd
      • Genus: Ourebia
        • Oribi, Ourebia ourebi LR/cd
      • Genus: Raphicerus
        • Steenbok, Raphicerus campestris LR/lc
        • Sharpe's grysbok, Raphicerus sharpei LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Bovinae
      • Genus: Syncerus
        • African buffalo, S. caffer NT[13]
      • Genus: Tragelaphus
        • Lesser kudu, Tragelaphus imberbis LR/cd
        • Common eland, Tragelaphus oryx LR/cd
        • Bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus LR/lc
        • Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekii LR/nt
        • Greater kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Cephalophinae
      • Genus: Cephalophus
      • Genus: Sylvicapra
        • Common duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Hippotraginae
      • Genus: Hippotragus
        • Roan antelope, Hippotragus equinus LR/cd
        • Sable antelope, Hippotragus niger LR/cd
      • Genus: Oryx
        • East African oryx, Oryx beisa RN
    • Subfamily: Aepycerotinae
      • Genus: Aepyceros
        • Impala, Aepyceros melampus LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Reduncinae
      • Genus: Kobus
        • Waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus LR/cd
        • Kob, Kobus kob LR/cd
        • Puku, Kobus vardonii LR/cd
      • Genus: Redunca
        • Southern reedbuck, Redunca arundinum LR/cd
        • Mountain reedbuck, Redunca fulvorufula LC
        • Bohor reedbuck, Redunca redunca LR/cd

Notes[]

  1. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
  2. ^ Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Balfour, D.; Wittemyer, G.; Maisels, F.; Taylor, R.D. (2021). "Loxodonta africana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T181008073A204401095. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T181008073A204401095.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  3. ^ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus blasii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19515A21972073.
  4. ^ Durant, S.; Mitchell, N.; Ipavec, A. & Groom, R. (2015). "Acinonyx jubatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T219A50649567.
  5. ^ Avgan, B.; Henschel, P. & Ghoddousi, A. (2016). "Caracal caracal". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3847A102424310.
  6. ^ Thiel, C. (2015). "Leptailurus serval". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T11638A50654625.
  7. ^ Bauer, H.; Packer, C.; Funston, P. F.; Henschel, P. & Nowell, K. (2016). "Panthera leo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15951A115130419.
  8. ^ Stein, A.B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro-Garcia, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Laguardia, A.; Khorozyan, I. & Ghoddousi, A. (2019). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T15954A160698029.
  9. ^ Do Linh San, E.; Gaubert, P.; Wondmagegne, D. & Ray, J. (2015). "Civettictis civetta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41695A45218199.
  10. ^ White, P.A.; Fischer, C.; Hausser, Y.; Foley, C. & Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Bdeogale crassicauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41591A97163568.
  11. ^ Jennings, A.; Veron, G. (2016). "Herpestes auropunctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T70204120A70204139. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T70204120A70204139.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  12. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2019). "Alcelaphus buselaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T811A143160967.
  13. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2019). "Syncerus caffer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21251A50195031.

See also[]

References[]

External links[]

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