List of mammals of Togo

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Togo. Of the mammal species in Togo, four are endangered, eight are vulnerable, and three are near threatened.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes)[]

Cape hyrax

The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)[]

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

  • Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
    • Genus: Loxodonta
      • African forest elephant, L. cyclotis CR[2]

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)[]

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

Order: Primates[]

Patas monkey

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.

  • Suborder: Strepsirrhini
    • Infraorder: Lorisiformes
      • Family: Lorisidae (lorises, bushbabies)
        • Genus: Perodicticus
          • Potto, Perodicticus potto LR/lc
      • Family: Galagidae
        • Genus: Galagoides
        • Genus: Galago
          • Senegal bushbaby, Galago senegalensis LR/lc
  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Catarrhini
        • Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
          • Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
            • Genus: Erythrocebus
              • Patas monkey, Erythrocebus patas LR/lc
            • Genus: Chlorocebus
            • Genus: Cercopithecus
            • Genus: Papio
              • Olive baboon, Papio anubis LR/lc
            • Subfamily: Colobinae
        • Superfamily: Hominoidea
          • Family: Hominidae (great apes)
            • Subfamily: Homininae
              • Tribe: Hominini
                • Subtribe: Hominina
                  • Genus: Homo
                    • Human, Homo sapiens LR/lc
                • Subtribe: Chimpanzee
                  • Genus: Pan
                    • Common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes EN

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

African brush-tailed porcupine

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
    • Genus: Lepus
      • Cape hare, Lepus capensis LR/lc

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)[]

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

  • Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[]

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
      • Genus: Crocidura
        • Crosse's shrew, Crocidura crossei LC
        • Fox's shrew, Crocidura foxi LC
        • Bicolored musk shrew, Crocidura fuscomurina LC
        • Large-headed shrew, Crocidura grandiceps NT
        • Lamotte's shrew, Crocidura lamottei LC
        • Nigerian shrew, Crocidura nigeriae LC
        • African giant shrew, Crocidura olivieri LC
        • Fraser's musk shrew, Crocidura poensis LC
        • Voi shrew, Crocidura voi LC
      • Genus: Sylvisorex
        • Climbing shrew, Sylvisorex megalura LC

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[]

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

  • Family: Manidae
    • Genus: Manis
    • Genus: Phataginus
      • Long-tailed pangolin, P. tetradactyla VU[4]
      • Tree pangolin, P. tricuspis EN[5]

Order: Cetacea (whales)[]

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
    • Family: Balaenopteridae
      • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
        • Genus: Balaenoptera
          • Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata VU
          • Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN
          • Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera brydei EN
          • Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN
          • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN
      • Subfamily: Megapterinae
        • Genus: Megaptera
          • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae VU
  • Suborder: Odontoceti
    • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
      • Family: Phocoenidae
        • Genus: Phocoena
          • Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena VU
      • Family: Physeteridae
        • Genus: Physeter
          • Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
      • Family: Kogiidae
        • Genus: Kogia
          • Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps DD
          • Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima DD
      • Family: Ziphidae
      • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
        • Genus: Orcinus
          • Killer whale, Orcinus orca DD
          • Genus: Feresa
          • Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
          • Genus: Pseudorca
          • False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD
        • Genus: Delphinus
          • Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LR/cd
          • Long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis DD
        • Genus: Sousa
          • Atlantic humpback dolphin, Sousa teuszii DD
        • Genus: Lagenodelphis
        • Genus: Stenella
          • Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata LR/cd
          • Clymene dolphin, Stenella clymene DD
          • Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba DD
          • Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis DD
          • Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris LR/cd
        • Genus: Steno
          • Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis DD
        • Genus: Tursiops
          • Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus LC
        • Genus: Globicephala
        • Genus: Grampus
        • Genus: Peponocephala
          • Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra DD

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

African leopard
Common genet
Spotted hyena
Honey badger

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
      • Subfamily: Felinae
        • Genus: Acinonyx
          • Cheetah, A. jubatus VU presence uncertain
        • Genus: Caracal
        • Genus: Felis
        • Genus: Leptailurus
          • Serval, Leptailurus serval LC
    • Family: Viverridae
    • Family: Nandiniidae
      • Genus: Nandinia
        • African palm civet, Nandinia binotata
    • Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
    • Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
      • Genus: Crocuta
        • Spotted hyena, C. crocuta LC possibly extirpated[10]
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Lycaon
        • African wild dog, L. pictus EN possibly extirpated
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Ictonyx
      • Genus: Mellivora
        • Honey badger, M. capensis LC[11]
      • Genus: Hydrictis
        • Speckle-throated otter, H. maculicollis NT possibly extirpated

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Topi
Red-fronted gazelle
African buffalo
Bushbuck
Blue duiker
Roan antelope
Kob

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Subfamily: Phacochoerinae
      • Genus: Phacochoerus
        • Common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Suinae
      • Genus: Potamochoerus
        • Red river hog, Potamochoerus porcus LR/lc
  • Family: Hippopotamidae (hippopotamuses)
    • Genus: Hippopotamus
      • Hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius VU
  • Family: Tragulidae
  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Subfamily: Alcelaphinae
      • Genus: Alcelaphus
        • Hartebeest, Alcelaphus buselaphus LR/cd
      • Genus: Damaliscus
        • Topi, Damaliscus lunatus LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Antilopinae
      • Genus: Gazella
        • Red-fronted gazelle, Gazella rufifrons VU
      • Genus: Ourebia
        • Oribi, Ourebia ourebi LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Bovinae
      • Genus: Syncerus
        • African buffalo, Syncerus caffer LR/cd
      • Genus: Tragelaphus
        • Bongo, Tragelaphus eurycerus LR/nt
        • Bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus LR/lc
        • Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekii LC possibly extirpated
    • Subfamily: Cephalophinae
      • Genus: Cephalophus
        • Bay duiker, Cephalophus dorsalis LR/nt
        • Maxwell's duiker, Cephalophus maxwellii LR/nt
        • Blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola LR/lc
        • Black duiker, Cephalophus niger LR/nt
        • Red-flanked duiker, Cephalophus rufilatus LR/cd
        • Yellow-backed duiker, Cephalophus silvicultor LR/nt
      • Genus: Sylvicapra
        • Common duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Hippotraginae
      • Genus: Hippotragus
        • Roan antelope, Hippotragus equinus LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Reduncinae
      • Genus: Kobus
        • Waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus LR/cd
        • Kob, Kobus kob LR/cd
      • Genus: Redunca
        • Bohor reedbuck, Redunca redunca LR/cd

Extirpated[]

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
  2. ^ Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Balfour, D.; Wittemyer, G.; Maisels, F.; Taylor, R.D. (2021). "Loxodonta africana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T181008073A204401095. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T181008073A204401095.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  3. ^ Nixon, S.; Pietersen, D.; Challender, D.; Hoffmann, M.; Godwill Ichu, I.; Bruce, T.; Ingram, D.J.; Matthews, N. & Shirley, M.H. (2019). "Smutsia gigantea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T12762A123584478.
  4. ^ Ingram, D.J.; Shirley, M.H.; Pietersen, D.; Godwill Ichu, I.; Sodeinde, O.; Moumbolou, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Gudehus, M. & Challender, D. (2019). "Phataginus tetradactyla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T12766A123586126.
  5. ^ Pietersen, D.; Moumbolou, C.; Ingram, D.J.; Soewu, D.; Jansen, R.; Sodeinde, O.; Keboy Mov Linkey Iflankoy, C.; Challender, D. & Shirley, M.H. (2019). "Phataginus tricuspis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T12767A123586469.
  6. ^ Avgan, B.; Henschel, P. & Ghoddousi, A. (2016). "Caracal caracal". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3847A102424310.
  7. ^ Bahaa-el-din, L.; Mills, D.; Hunter, L. & Henschel, P. (2015). "Caracal aurata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18306A50663128.
  8. ^ Gaubert, P.; Carvalho, F.; Camps, D. & Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta genetta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41698A45218636.
  9. ^ Angelici, F.M.; Gaubert, P. & Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Genetta maculata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41699A45218948.
  10. ^ Bohm, T. & Höner, O.R. (2015). "Crocuta crocuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T5674A45194782.
  11. ^ Do Linh San, E.; Begg, C.; Begg, K. & Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mellivora capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41629A45210107.
  12. ^ Henschel, P.; Bauer, H.; Sogbohoussou, E. & Nowell, K. (2016). "Panthera leo (West Africa subpopulation)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T68933833A54067639.
  13. ^ Stein, A.B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro-Garcia, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Laguardia, A.; Khorozyan, I. & Ghoddousi, A. (2020). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T15954A163991139.

References[]

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