List of mammals of Uganda

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Uganda. Of the 331 mammal species in Uganda, seven are endangered, twenty-one are vulnerable, and seventeen are near threatened.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: Afrosoricida (tenrecs and golden moles)[]

The order Afrosoricida contains the golden moles of southern Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar and Africa, two families of small mammals that were traditionally part of the order Insectivora.

  • Family: Tenrecidae (tenrecs)
    • Subfamily: Potamogalinae
      • Genus: Micropotamogale
        • Ruwenzori otter shrew, Micropotamogale ruwenzorii NT
      • Genus: Potamogale
        • Giant otter shrew, Potamogale velox LC
  • Family: Chrysochloridae

Order: Macroscelidea (elephant shrews)[]

Checkered elephant shrew

Often called sengis, the elephant shrews or jumping shrews are native to southern Africa. Their common English name derives from their elongated flexible snout and their resemblance to the true shrews.

  • Family: Macroscelididae (elephant shrews)
    • Genus: Elephantulus
      • Short-snouted elephant shrew, Elephantulus brachyrhynchus LC
      • Dusky-footed elephant shrew, Elephantulus fuscipes DD
      • Rufous elephant shrew, Elephantulus rufescens LC
    • Genus: Rhynchocyon
      • Checkered elephant shrew, R. cirnei LC

Order: Tubulidentata (aardvarks)[]

Aardvark

The order Tubulidentata consists of a single species, the aardvark. Tubulidentata are characterised by their teeth which lack a pulp cavity and form thin tubes which are continuously worn down and replaced.

  • Family: Orycteropodidae
    • Genus: Orycteropus
      • Aardvark, O. afer LC

Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes)[]

The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.

  • Family: Procaviidae (hyraxes)
    • Genus: Dendrohyrax
      • Western tree hyrax, Dendrohyrax dorsalis LC
    • Genus: Heterohyrax
      • Yellow-spotted rock hyrax, Heterohyrax brucei LC
    • Genus: Procavia
      • Cape hyrax, Procavia capensis LC

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)[]

African bush elephant

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

  • Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
    • Genus: Loxodonta
      • African bush elephant, L. africana EN[2]

Order: Primates[]

Senegal bushbaby
Vervet monkey
Mantled guereza

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.

  • Suborder: Strepsirrhini
    • Infraorder: Lemuriformes
      • Superfamily: Lorisoidea
        • Family: Lorisidae (lorises, bushbabies)
          • Genus: Perodicticus
            • Potto, Perodicticus potto LR/lc
        • Family: Galagidae
          • Genus: Galago
            • Dusky bushbaby, Galago matschiei LR/nt
            • Senegal bushbaby, Galago senegalensis LR/lc
          • Genus: Galagoides
          • Genus: Otolemur
            • Brown greater galago, Otolemur crassicaudatus LR/lc
  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Catarrhini
        • Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
          • Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
            • Genus: Erythrocebus
              • Patas monkey, Erythrocebus patas LR/lc
            • Genus: Chlorocebus
              • Vervet monkey, Chlorocebus pygerythrus LR/lc
              • Tantalus monkey, Chlorocebus tantalus LR/lc
            • Genus: Cercopithecus
              • Red-tailed monkey, Cercopithecus ascanius LR/lc
              • L'Hoest's monkey, Cercopithecus lhoesti LR/nt
              • Blue monkey, Cercopithecus mitis LR/lc
              • De Brazza's monkey, Cercopithecus neglectus LR/lc
              • , Cercopithecus pogonias LC
            • Genus: Lophocebus
              • Uganda mangabey[3] Lophocebus ugandae LR/lc
            • Genus: Papio
              • Olive baboon, Papio anubis LR/lc
            • Subfamily: Colobinae
              • Genus: Colobus
                • Angola colobus, Colobus angolensis LR/lc
                • Mantled guereza, Colobus guereza LR/lc
              • Genus: Procolobus
                • , Procolobus rufomitratus LC
                • Ugandan red colobus, Procolobus tephrosceles EN
        • Superfamily: Hominoidea
          • Family: Hominidae
            • Subfamily: Homininae
              • Tribe: Gorillini
                • Genus: Gorilla
                  • Eastern gorilla, Gorilla beringei EN
                  • Mountain gorilla, Gorilla beringei beringei EN
              • Tribe: Panini
                • Genus: Pan
                  • Common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes EN

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Typical striped grass mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
    • Genus: Poelagus
      • Bunyoro rabbit, Poelagus marjorita LR/lc
    • Genus: Lepus
      • Cape hare, Lepus capensis LR/lc
      • African savanna hare, Lepus microtis LR/lc

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)[]

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

  • Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[]

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
      • Genus: Crocidura
        • Congo shrew, Crocidura congobelgica LC
        • Dent's shrew, Crocidura denti LC
        • Long-tailed musk shrew, Crocidura dolichura LC
        • Savanna shrew, Crocidura fulvastra LC
        • Bicolored musk shrew, Crocidura fuscomurina LC
        • Jackson's shrew, Crocidura jacksoni LC
        • Butiaba naked-tailed shrew, Crocidura littoralis LC
        • Moonshine shrew, Crocidura luna LC
        • Dark shrew, Crocidura maurisca DD
        • Montane white-toothed shrew, Crocidura montis LC
        • Ugandan musk shrew, Crocidura mutesae DD
        • Savanna dwarf shrew, Crocidura nanilla LC
        • African black shrew, Crocidura nigrofusca LC
        • Niobe's shrew, Crocidura niobe LC
        • African giant shrew, Crocidura olivieri LC
        • Small-footed shrew, Crocidura parvipes LC
        • Flat-headed shrew, Crocidura planiceps DD
        • Roosevelt's shrew, Crocidura roosevelti LC
        • Ugandan lowland shrew, Crocidura selina LC
        • Lesser gray-brown musk shrew, Crocidura silacea LC
        • Kahuzi swamp shrew, Crocidura stenocephala VU
        • Tarella shrew, Crocidura tarella VU
        • Turbo shrew, Crocidura turba LC
        • Savanna path shrew, Crocidura viaria LC
      • Genus: Paracrocidura
        • Greater large-headed shrew, Paracrocidura maxima NT
      • Genus: Ruwenzorisorex
        • Ruwenzori shrew, Ruwenzorisorex suncoides VU
      • Genus: Scutisorex
        • Armored shrew, Scutisorex somereni LC
      • Genus: Suncus
        • Least dwarf shrew, Suncus infinitesimus LC
      • Genus: Sylvisorex
    • Subfamily: Myosoricinae

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[]

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

  • Family: Manidae
    • Genus: Manis
      • Giant pangolin, Manis gigantea LR/lc
      • Ground pangolin, Manis temminckii LR/nt
      • Long-tailed pangolin, Manis tetradactyla LR/lc
      • Tree pangolin, Manis tricuspis LR/lc

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Cheetah
African leopard
Common genet
Black-backed jackal

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
      • Subfamily: Felinae
        • Genus: Acinonyx
          • Cheetah, A. jubatus VU
        • Genus: Caracal
          • Caracal, C. caracal LC
          • African golden cat, C. aurata VU[4]
        • Genus: Felis
        • Genus: Leptailurus
          • Serval, Leptailurus serval LC
      • Subfamily: Pantherinae
        • Genus: Panthera
          • Lion, Panthera leo VU
          • Leopard, Panthera pardus VU
            • African leopard, Panthera pardus pardus
    • Family: Viverridae
      • Subfamily: Viverrinae
        • Genus: Civettictis
          • African civet, C. civetta LC[5]
        • Genus: Genetta
          • Common genet, Genetta genetta LC
          • Rusty-spotted genet, Genetta maculata LC
          • Servaline genet, Genetta servalina LC
    • Family: Nandiniidae
      • Genus: Nandinia
        • African palm civet, Nandinia binotata LC
    • Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
      • Genus: Atilax
        • Marsh mongoose, Atilax paludinosus LC
      • Genus: Bdeogale
      • Genus: Crossarchus
      • Genus: Dologale
      • Genus: Helogale
        • Common dwarf mongoose, Helogale parvula LC
      • Genus: Herpestes
        • Egyptian mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon LC
        • Common slender mongoose, Herpestes sanguineus LC
      • Genus: Mungos
        • Banded mongoose, Mungos mungo LC
    • Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
      • Genus: Crocuta
        • Spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta LC
      • Genus: Proteles
        • Aardwolf, Proteles cristatus LC
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Lupulella
        • Side-striped jackal, L. adusta LC
        • Black-backed jackal, L. mesomelas LC
      • Genus: Lycaon
        • African wild dog, L. pictus EN possibly extirpated
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Ictonyx
        • Striped polecat, Ictonyx striatus LC
      • Genus: Poecilogale
        • African striped weasel, Poecilogale albinucha LC
      • Genus: Mellivora
        • Ratel, Mellivora capensis LC
      • Genus: Lutra
        • Spotted-necked otter, Hydrictis maculicollis NT
      • Genus: Aonyx
        • African clawless otter, Aonyx capensis NT

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)[]

Maneless zebra

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

  • Family: Equidae (horses etc.)
    • Genus: Equus
  • Family: Rhinocerotidae
    • Genus: Ceratotherium
      • White rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum NT extirpated
        • Southern white rhinoceros, C. s. simum NT reintroduced

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Klipspringer
African buffalo
Giant eland
Yellow-backed duiker
Gemsbok
Waterbuck
Mountain reedbuck

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Subfamily: Phacochoerinae
      • Genus: Phacochoerus
        • Common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus
    • Subfamily: Suinae
      • Genus: Hylochoerus
        • Giant forest hog, Hylochoerus meinertzhageni LR/lc
      • Genus: Potamochoerus
        • Bushpig, Potamochoerus larvatus LR/lc
        • Red river hog, Potamochoerus porcus LR/lc
  • Family: Hippopotamidae (hippopotamuses)
    • Genus: Hippopotamus
      • Hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius VU
  • Family: Tragulidae
    • Genus: Hyemoschus
      • Water chevrotain, Hyemoschus aquaticus DD
  • Family: Giraffidae (giraffe, okapi)
    • Genus: Giraffa
      • Giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis VU
    • Genus: Okapia
      • Okapi, Okapia johnstoni EN extirpated
  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Subfamily: Alcelaphinae
      • Genus: Alcelaphus
        • Hartebeest, Alcelaphus buselaphus LR/cd
      • Genus: Damaliscus
        • Topi, Damaliscus lunatus LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Antilopinae
      • Genus: Gazella
      • Genus: Madoqua
      • Genus: Neotragus
      • Genus: Oreotragus
        • Klipspringer, Oreotragus oreotragus LR/cd
      • Genus: Ourebia
        • Oribi, Ourebia ourebi LR/cd
      • Genus: Raphicerus
        • Steenbok, Raphicerus campestris LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Bovinae
      • Genus: Syncerus
        • African buffalo, S. caffer NT[6]
      • Genus: Tragelaphus
        • Giant eland, Tragelaphus derbianus NT possibly extirpated
        • Bongo, Tragelaphus eurycerus LR/nt extirpated
        • Lesser kudu, Tragelaphus imberbis LR/cd
        • Common eland, Tragelaphus oryx LR/cd
        • Bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus LR/lc
        • Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekii LR/nt
        • Greater kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Cephalophinae
      • Genus: Cephalophus
        • Peters's duiker, Cephalophus callipygus LR/nt
        • Bay duiker, Cephalophus dorsalis LR/nt
        • Blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola LR/lc
        • Black-fronted duiker, Cephalophus nigrifrons LR/nt
        • Red-flanked duiker, Cephalophus rufilatus LR/cd
        • Yellow-backed duiker, Cephalophus silvicultor LR/nt
        • Weyns's duiker, Cephalophus weynsi LR/nt
      • Genus: Sylvicapra
        • Common duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Hippotraginae
      • Genus: Hippotragus
        • Roan antelope, Hippotragus equinus LR/cd
      • Genus: Oryx
        • East African oryx, Oryx beisa EN possibly extirpated
    • Subfamily: Aepycerotinae
      • Genus: Aepyceros
        • Impala, Aepyceros melampus LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Reduncinae
      • Genus: Kobus
        • Waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus LR/cd
        • Kob, Kobus kob LR/cd
      • Genus: Redunca
        • Mountain reedbuck, Redunca fulvorufula LC
        • Bohor reedbuck, Redunca redunca LR/cd

Notes[]

  1. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
  2. ^ Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Maisels, F.; Wittemyer, G.; Balfour, D.; Taylor, R.D. (2021). "Loxodonta cyclotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T181007989A204404464. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T181007989A204404464.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ^ Groves, C.P. (2007): The endemic Uganda mangabey, Lophocebus ugandae, and other members of the albigena-group (Lophocebus). Primate Conservation 22: 123-128.
  4. ^ Bahaa-el-din, L.; Mills, D.; Hunter, L. & Henschel, P. (2015). "Caracal aurata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18306A50663128.
  5. ^ Do Linh San, E.; Gaubert, P.; Wondmagegne, D. & Ray, J. (2015). "Civettictis civetta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41695A45218199.
  6. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2019). "Syncerus caffer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21251A50195031.

References[]

See also[]

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