List of mammals of Zimbabwe

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Zimbabwe. There are 199 mammal species in Zimbabwe, of which one is critically endangered, one is endangered, eight are vulnerable, and ten are near threatened.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: Afrosoricida (tenrecs and golden moles)[]

The order Afrosoricida contains the golden moles of southern Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar and Africa, two families of small mammals that were traditionally part of the order Insectivora.

  • Family: Chrysochloridae
    • Subfamily: Chrysochlorinae
      • Genus: Carpitalpa
        • Golden mole, Carpitalpa arendsi VU
    • Subfamily: Amblysominae
      • Genus: Calcochloris
        • Yellow golden mole, Calcochloris obtusirostris LC

Order: Macroscelidea (elephant shrews)[]

Often called sengis, the elephant shrews or jumping shrews are native to southern Africa. Their common English name derives from their elongated flexible snout and their resemblance to the true shrews.

  • Family: Macroscelididae (elephant shrews)
    • Genus: Elephantulus
      • Short-snouted elephant shrew, Elephantulus brachyrhynchus LC
      • Eastern rock elephant shrew, Elephantulus myurus LC
    • Genus: Petrodromus
      • Four-toed elephant shrew, Petrodromus tetradactylus LC

Order: Tubulidentata (aardvarks)[]

Aardvark

The order Tubulidentata consists of a single species, the aardvark. Tubulidentata are characterised by their teeth which lack a pulp cavity and form thin tubes which are continuously worn down and replaced.

  • Family: Orycteropodidae
    • Genus: Orycteropus
      • Aardvark, O. afer LC

Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes)[]

Cape hyrax

The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.

  • Family: Procaviidae (hyraxes)
    • Genus: Dendrohyrax
      • Southern tree hyrax, D. arboreus LC
    • Genus: Heterohyrax
      • Yellow-spotted rock hyrax, H. brucei LC
    • Genus: Procavia
      • Cape hyrax, P. capensis LC

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)[]

African bush elephant

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

  • Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
    • Genus: Loxodonta
      • African bush elephant, L. africana EN[2]

Order: Primates[]

Sykes' monkey
Chacma baboon

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.

  • Suborder: Strepsirrhini
  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Catarrhini
        • Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
          • Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
            • Genus: Chlorocebus
              • Vervet monkey, Chlorocebus pygerythrus LR/lc
            • Genus: Cercopithecus
            • Genus: Papio
              • Chacma baboon, Papio ursinus LR/lc

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Spiny mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)[]

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

  • Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
    • Subfamily: Erinaceinae
      • Genus: Atelerix
        • Southern African hedgehog, Atelerix frontalis LR/lc

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[]

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
      • Genus: Crocidura
        • Reddish-gray musk shrew, Crocidura cyanea LC
        • Bicolored musk shrew, Crocidura fuscomurina LC
        • Lesser red musk shrew, Crocidura hirta LC
        • Moonshine shrew, Crocidura luna LC
        • Makwassie musk shrew, Crocidura maquassiensis LC
        • African giant shrew, Crocidura olivieri LC
        • Lesser gray-brown musk shrew, Crocidura silacea LC
      • Genus: Suncus
        • Greater dwarf shrew, Suncus lixus LC
        • Lesser dwarf shrew, Suncus varilla LC
      • Genus: Sylvisorex
        • Climbing shrew, Sylvisorex megalura LC
    • Subfamily: Myosoricinae
      • Genus: Myosorex
        • Dark-footed mouse shrew, Myosorex cafer LC

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[]

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

  • Family: Manidae
    • Genus: Manis
      • Ground pangolin, Manis temminckii LR/nt

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Cheetah
Lion
Yellow mongoose
Spotted hyena

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
      • Subfamily: Felinae
        • Genus: Acinonyx
          • Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus VU
            • Southeast African cheetah, A. j. jubatus
        • Genus: Caracal
          • Caracal, Caracal caracal LC
        • Genus: Felis
        • Genus: Leptailurus
          • Serval, Leptailurus serval LC
      • Subfamily: Pantherinae
        • Genus: Panthera
          • Lion, Panthera leo VU
            • Panthera leo melanochaita
          • Leopard, Panthera pardus NT
            • African leopard, P. p. pardus
    • Family: Viverridae
      • Subfamily: Viverrinae
        • Genus: Civettictis
          • African civet, C. civetta LC[3]
        • Genus: Genetta
          • Angolan genet, Genetta angolensis LC
          • Common genet, Genetta genetta LC
          • Rusty-spotted genet, Genetta maculata LC
    • Family: Nandiniidae
      • Genus: Nandinia
        • African palm civet, Nandinia binotata LC
    • Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
    • Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
      • Genus: Crocuta
        • Spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta LC
      • Genus: Parahyaena
      • Genus: Proteles
        • Aardwolf, Proteles cristatus LC
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Vulpes
        • Cape fox, Vulpes chama LC
      • Genus: Lupulella
      • Genus: Otocyon
        • Bat-eared fox, Otocyon megalotis LC
      • Genus: Lycaon
        • Cape wild dog, Lycaon pictus pictus EN
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Ictonyx
        • Striped polecat, Ictonyx striatus LC
      • Genus: Poecilogale
        • African striped weasel, Poecilogale albinucha LC
      • Genus: Mellivora
        • Ratel, Mellivora capensis LC
      • Genus: Lutra
        • Speckle-throated otter, Lutra maculicollis LC
      • Genus: Aonyx
        • African clawless otter, Aonyx capensis LC

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)[]

Black rhinoceros

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

  • Family: Equidae (horses etc.)
  • Family: Rhinocerotidae

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Topi
Sable antelope
Waterbuck

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Subfamily: Phacochoerinae
      • Genus: Phacochoerus
        • Common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Suinae
      • Genus: Potamochoerus
        • Bushpig, Potamochoerus larvatus LR/lc
  • Family: Hippopotamidae (hippopotamuses)
    • Genus: Hippopotamus
      • Hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius VU
  • Family: Giraffidae (giraffe, okapi)
  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Subfamily: Alcelaphinae
      • Genus: Alcelaphus
        • Hartebeest, Alcelaphus buselaphus LR/cd
      • Genus: Connochaetes
        • Blue wildebeest, Connochaetes taurinus LR/cd
      • Genus: Damaliscus
        • Topi, Damaliscus lunatus LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Antilopinae
      • Genus: Neotragus
        • Suni, Neotragus moschatus LR/cd
      • Genus: Oreotragus
        • Klipspringer, Oreotragus oreotragus LR/cd
      • Genus: Ourebia
        • Oribi, Ourebia ourebi LR/cd
      • Genus: Raphicerus
        • Steenbok, Raphicerus campestris LR/lc
        • Sharpe's grysbok, Raphicerus sharpei LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Bovinae
      • Genus: Syncerus
        • African buffalo, S. caffer NT[6]
      • Genus: Tragelaphus
        • Nyala, Tragelaphus angasii LR/cd
        • Common eland, Tragelaphus oryx LR/cd
        • Bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus LR/lc
        • Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekii LR/nt
        • Greater kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Cephalophinae
      • Genus: Cephalophus
        • Blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola LR/lc
      • Genus: Sylvicapra
        • Common duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Hippotraginae
      • Genus: Hippotragus
        • Roan antelope, Hippotragus equinus LR/cd
        • Sable antelope, Hippotragus niger LR/cd
      • Genus: Oryx
        • Gemsbok, Oryx gazella LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Aepycerotinae
      • Genus: Aepyceros
        • Impala, Aepyceros melampus LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Reduncinae
      • Genus: Kobus
        • Waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus LR/cd
        • Puku, Kobus vardonii LR/cd
      • Genus: Redunca
        • Southern reedbuck, Redunca arundinum LR/cd

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
  2. ^ Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Balfour, D.; Wittemyer, G.; Maisels, F.; Taylor, R.D. (2021). "Loxodonta africana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T181008073A204401095. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T181008073A204401095.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  3. ^ Do Linh San, E.; Gaubert, P.; Wondmagegne, D. & Ray, J. (2015). "Civettictis civetta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41695A45218199.
  4. ^ White, P.A.; Fischer, C.; Hausser, Y.; Foley, C. & Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Bdeogale crassicauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41591A97163568.
  5. ^ Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Ichneumia albicauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41620A45208640.
  6. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2019). "Syncerus caffer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21251A50195031.

References[]

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