List of mammals of South Sudan

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This is a list of the mammal species recorded in South Sudan. Of the mammal species in South Sudan, three are critically endangered, five are endangered, eleven are vulnerable, and nine are near threatened. One of the species listed for South Sudan can no longer be found in the wild.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: Tubulidentata (aardvarks)[]

Aardvark

The order Tubulidentata consists of a single species, the aardvark. Tubulidentata are characterised by their teeth which lack a pulp cavity and form thin tubes which are continuously worn down and replaced.

  • Family: Orycteropodidae
    • Genus: Orycteropus
      • Aardvark, O. afer LC

Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes)[]

The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.

  • Family: Procaviidae (hyraxes)
    • Genus: Heterohyrax
      • Yellow-spotted rock hyrax, Heterohyrax brucei LC
    • Genus: Procavia
      • Rock hyrax, Procavia capensis LC

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)[]

African bush elephant

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

  • Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
    • Genus: Loxodonta
      • African bush elephant, L. africana EN[2]
      • African forest elephant, L. cyclotis CR[3]

Order: Primates[]

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.

  • Suborder: Strepsirrhini
    • Infraorder: Lemuriformes
      • Superfamily: Lorisoidea
        • Family: Galagidae
          • Genus: Galago
            • Senegal bushbaby, Galago senegalensis LR/lc
  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Catarrhini
        • Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
          • Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
            • Genus: Erythrocebus
              • Patas monkey, Erythrocebus patas LR/lc
            • Genus: Chlorocebus
              • Grivet, Chlorocebus aethiops LR/lc
              • Tantalus monkey, Chlorocebus tantalus LR/lc
            • Genus: Papio
              • Olive baboon, Papio anubis LR/lc
              • Hamadryas baboon, Papio hamadryas LR/nt

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
    • Genus: Lepus
      • Cape hare, Lepus capensis LR/lc
      • African savanna hare, Lepus microtis LR/lc

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)[]

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

  • Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
    • Subfamily: Erinaceinae
      • Genus: Atelerix
      • Genus: Hemiechinus
        • Desert hedgehog, Hemiechinus aethiopicus LR/lc

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[]

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
      • Genus: Crocidura
        • Savanna shrew, Crocidura fulvastra LC
        • Bicolored musk shrew, Crocidura fuscomurina LC
        • African giant shrew, Crocidura olivieri LC
        • Small-footed shrew, Crocidura parvipes LC
        • Sahelian tiny shrew, Crocidura pasha LC
        • Somali shrew, Crocidura somalica LC
        • Savanna path shrew, Crocidura viaria LC
        • Voi shrew, Crocidura voi LC
        • Yankari shrew, Crocidura yankariensis LC

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[]

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

  • Family: Manidae
    • Genus: Manis
      • Ground pangolin, Manis temminckii LR/nt

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Cheetah
Lion
African wild dog

s

Honey badger

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae
      • Subfamily: Felinae
        • Genus: Acinonyx
          • Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus VU[4]
        • Genus: Caracal
          • Caracal, Caracal caracal LC
        • Genus: Felis
        • Genus: Leptailurus
          • Serval, Leptailurus serval LC
      • Subfamily: Pantherinae
        • Genus: Panthera
          • Lion, Panthera leo VU
          • Leopard, Panthera pardus VU
    • Family: Viverridae
      • Subfamily: Viverrinae
        • Genus: Civettictis
          • African civet, Civettictis civetta LC
        • Genus: Genetta
    • Family: Nandiniidae
    • Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
    • Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
      • Genus: Crocuta
        • Spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta LC
      • Genus: Hyaena
        • Striped hyena, Hyaena hyaena NT
      • Genus: Proteles
        • Aardwolf, Proteles cristatus LC
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Canis
        • African golden wolf, Canis lupaster LC
      • Genus: Lupulella
      • Genus: Lycaon
        • African wild dog, Lycaon pictus EN
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Ictonyx
        • Striped polecat, Ictonyx striatus LC
      • Genus: Mellivora
        • Ratel, Mellivora capensis LC
      • Genus: Hydrictis
        • Spotted-necked otter, Hydrictis maculicollis LC
      • Genus: Aonyx
        • African clawless otter, Aonyx capensis LC

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)[]

Grant's zebra

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

  • Family: Equidae (horses etc.)
  • Family: Rhinocerotidae
    • Genus: Diceros
      • , Diceros bicornis brucii EX
      • , Diceros bicornis ladoensis CR
      • Western black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis longipes EX
      • Eastern black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis michaeli CR
    • Genus: Ceratotherium
      • Northern white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum cottoni CR

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Hippopotamus
Klipspringer
Oribi
Bushbuck
Yellow-backed duiker
East African oryx

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Subfamily: Phacochoerinae
      • Genus: Phacochoerus
        • Common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus LR/lc
      • Genus: Potamochoerus
        • Bushpig, Potamochoerus larvatus LR/lc
  • Family: Hippopotamidae (hippopotamuses)
    • Genus: Hippopotamus
      • Hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius VU
  • Family: Giraffidae (giraffe, okapi)
    • Genus: Giraffa
      • Kordofan giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum VU
      • Nubian giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis EN
      • Rothschild's giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi EN
  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Subfamily: Alcelaphinae
      • Genus: Alcelaphus
        • Hartebeest, Alcelaphus buselaphus LR/cd
      • Genus: Damaliscus
        • Topi, Damaliscus lunatus LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Antilopinae
      • Genus: Gazella
        • Dorcas gazelle, Gazella dorcas VU
        • Rhim gazelle, Gazella leptoceros EN
        • Red-fronted gazelle, Gazella rufifrons VU
        • Soemmerring's gazelle, Gazella soemmerringii VU
        • Thomson's gazelle, Gazella thomsonii LR/cd
      • Genus: Madoqua
      • Genus: Oreotragus
        • Klipspringer, Oreotragus oreotragus LR/cd
      • Genus: Ourebia
        • Oribi, Ourebia ourebi LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Bovinae
      • Genus: Syncerus
        • African buffalo, Syncerus caffer LR/cd
      • Genus: Taurotragus
        • Common eland, Taurotragus oryx LR/nt
        • Giant eland, Taurotragus derbianus LR/nt
      • Genus: Tragelaphus
        • Bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus LR/lc
        • Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekii LR/nt
        • Greater kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros LR/cd
    • Subfamily: Caprinae
      • Genus: Capra
        • Nubian ibex, Capra nubiana EN
    • Subfamily: Cephalophinae
      • Genus: Cephalophus
        • Blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola LR/lc
        • Red-flanked duiker, Cephalophus rufilatus LR/cd
        • Yellow-backed duiker, Cephalophus silvicultor LR/nt
      • Genus: Sylvicapra
        • Common duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Hippotraginae
      • Genus: Oryx
        • East African oryx, Oryx beisa beisa NT
    • Subfamily: Reduncinae
      • Genus: Kobus
        • Waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus LR/cd
        • Kob, Kobus kob LR/cd
        • Nile lechwe, Kobus megaceros LR/nt
      • Genus: Redunca
        • Bohor reedbuck, Redunca redunca LR/cd

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
  2. ^ Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Balfour, D.; Wittemyer, G.; Maisels, F.; Taylor, R.D. (2021). "Loxodonta africana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T181008073A204401095. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T181008073A204401095.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ^ Gobush, K.S.; Edwards, C.T.T.; Maisels, F.; Wittemyer, G.; Balfour, D.; Taylor, R.D. (2021). "Loxodonta cyclotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T181007989A204404464. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T181007989A204404464.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  4. ^ Durant, S.; Mitchell, N.; Ipavec, A. & Groom, R. (2015). "Acinonyx jubatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T219A50649567.

References[]

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