List of participants to Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920

Map of the World with the Participants in World War I. The Allies are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in grey.

The Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920 gathered over 30 nations at the Quai d'Orsay in Paris, France, to shape the future after World War I. The Russian SFSR was not invited to attend, having already concluded a peace treaty with the Central Powers in the spring of 1918. The Central Powers - Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire - were not allowed to attend the conference until after the details of all the peace treaties had been elaborated and agreed upon. The main result of the conference was the Treaty of Versailles with Germany.

Signing delegations[]

The main delegations, with their secretaries and interpreters, in a painting by Herbert Arnould Olivier.

This list shows all nations and delegations who signed the Treaty of Versailles. All plenipotentiaries signed the treaty, except where indicated otherwise.^[1]

State	Plenipotentiaries	Notes
Australia	Billy Hughes Joseph Cook
Bolivia	Ismael Montes
Belgium	Paul Hymans Jules Van den Heuvel Emile Vandervelde
Brazil	[pt]  [es]
Canada	Robert Borden[a] Charles Doherty Arthur Sifton	Signed under 'British Empire'. Prime Minister Borden fought successfully for Canada to have its own seat at the Conference, which the British and Americans eventually relented too, opening the doors to allowing Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland, and South Africa to send representatives as well. Borden also insisted that he be included among those leaders to sign the Treaty of Versailles; however, it was agreed that Canada would sign under the British Empire.
China	Lou Tseng-Tsiang[a] Wellington Koo[a] Cao Rulin[a]	At the time of the Paris Peace Conference there were two governments claiming to be the legitimate government of China: the Beiyang Government in Beijing, and Dr Sun Yat-sen's Guangzhou based Kuomintang (KMT) movement. However, they worked together to create the united diplomatic team that would plead China's case in Paris.
Cuba	Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante
Czechoslovakia	Karel Kramář Edvard Beneš
Ecuador
France	Georges Clemenceau Stephen Pichon Louis-Lucien Klotz André Tardieu Jules Cambon
Germany	Hermann Müller Johannes Bell	Germany were excluded from the negotiations, but Hermann Müller and Johannes Bell, as government ministers in the new Weimar Republic, signed the treaty as representatives of Germany on 29 June 1919.
Greece	Eleftherios Venizelos Nicolas Politis
Guatemala	Joaquín Méndez
Haiti
Hejaz		Later absorbed into Saudi Arabia.
Honduras	Policarpo Bonilla
India	Edwin Samuel Montagu Ganga Singh
Italy	Vittorio Emanuele Orlando[a] Sidney Sonnino Guglielmo Imperiali Silvio Crespi
Japan	Saionji Kinmochi Makino Nobuaki Chinda Sutemi Matsui Keishirō Matsui Keishirō
Liberia	Charles D. B. King
New Zealand	William Ferguson Massey
Nicaragua
Panama
Peru	Carlos de Candamo
Poland	Ignacy Jan Paderewski Roman Dmowski
Portugal	Afonso Costa Augusto Soares
Romania	Ion I. C. Brătianu Constantin Coandă
Serbs, Croats and Slovenes	Nikola Pašić Ante Trumbić Milenko Radomar Vesnić Slobodan Jovanović[a] Miodrag Ibrovac[a]	Later Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Siam
South Africa	Jan Smuts Louis Botha
United Kingdom	David Lloyd George Bonar Law Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner Arthur James Balfour George Nicoll Barnes
United States	Woodrow Wilson Robert Lansing Henry White Tasker H. Bliss	See also American Commission to Negotiate Peace.
Uruguay

Other national representatives[]

Delegation from the First Republic of Armenia during the Paris Peace Conference.

Delegation from the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan in  [fr] during the Paris Peace Conference.

Despite not signing the treaties, other delegations were sent to the Paris Peace Conferences, some uninvited, in order to represent their national interests.

Nation	Representatives	Notes
Arab delegation	Faisal Lawrence of Arabia	Faisal, later King of Iraq, advocated for an independent Arab state. T.E. Lawrence acted as the delegation's translator.[2][3]
First Republic of Armenia	Avetis Aharonyan Hamo Ohanjanyan Armen Garo	[citation needed]
Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan	Alimardan Topchubashev	[citation needed]
Belarusian Democratic Republic	Anton Łuckievič	Attempted to gain international recognition of the independence of Belarus.[4]
Estonia	Jaan Poska Nikolai Köstner Jaan Tõnisson Ants Piip Karl Robert Pusta Mihkel Martna Eduard Laaman Joakim Puhk	Attempted to gain recognition of the independence of Estonia.[5][6]
Democratic Republic of Georgia	Nikolay Chkheidze Irakli Tsereteli Zurab Avalishvili	[citation needed]
Irish Republic	Seán T. O'Kelly	The unrecognized Irish Republic sent representatives in hope the republic declared at the Easter Rising in 1916 would be recognised, but they were ignored.[7][8]
Latvia		Attempted to gain recognition of the independence of Latvia.[5][9]
Second Lebanese delegation	Elias Peter Hoayek	Attempted to gain recognition of the independence of Lebanon.
Lithuania	Augustinas Voldemaras Antanas Smetona	Attempted to gain recognition of the independence of Lithuania.[5][10]
Montenegro	Nicholas I of Montenegro	The unification of Serbia and Montenegro on 18th Novem-ber 1918 was contested by the exiled king of Montenegro. Despite Italian support, Montenegro was denied an official seat at the Peace Conferences, and the unification of Serbia and Montenegro was recognised.[11]
Newfoundland	William F. Lloyd	[12]
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus		[citation needed]
Korean Provisional Government	Kim Kyu-sik	Representing the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, in-exile in China.[13]
Russia	Sergey Sazonov	The Allied Powers refused to recognise the Bolshevik government of Russia, and instead invited representatives of the Russian Provincial Council (chaired by Prince Lvov), the successor to the Russian Constituent Assembly and the political arm of the Russian White movement.[14][15]
San Marino	M. Bucquet	[16]
Tonga	Sālote Tupou III	[citation needed]
Ukrainian People's Republic		[citation needed]
Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh	Ho Chi Minh petitioned the conference, seeking self determination and independence for the Vietnamese people.[17][18]

Non-national representatives[]

Inter-Allied Women's Conference.

Other non-national or pan-national delegations were in Paris, hoping to petition the allies on issues relating to their causes.

Group	Major People	Notes
1st Pan-African Congress	W. E. B. Du Bois Ida Gibbs	Held in February 1919 in order to petition the allies on African issues.
Inter-Allied Women's Conference	Marguerite de Witt-Schlumberger	Convened and met from 10 February to 10 April 1919.
Zionists		117 Zionist representativeness attended the conference, lobbying for the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine.[citation needed]

Oversights[]

The Principality of Andorra was not invited to attend, due to an 'oversight'. The issue of Andorra being at war was eventually resolved on September 24, 1958, when a peace treaty was signed.^[19]

References[]