Plants of the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve

This is a list of plants found in the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve. The reserve straddles the Mexican states of Colima and Jalisco. It is located in the transition between the Nearctic and Neotropical realms and encompasses parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur, with a wide range of altitudes, climates and soils. The effects of tectonic and volcanic activities and erosion are notable within the reserve.

Ecological characteristics[]

Forest types in the reserve including mesophytic, cloud, dry deciduous and semi-deciduous tropical forests. Anthropologists know the region as Zona de Occidente, an area notably different to the rest of Mesoamerica. Some ceramic remnants, figurines and graves have been found, but there is little other material evidence of ancient human settlement. As of 1995 almost 8,000 people lived in the Sierra de Manantlán Reserve, engaged mainly in agriculture (corn, beans, tomatoes, sugar cane, watermelon, mangoes), livestock grazing, timber production, and extraction of wood for fuel and mining of coal or minerals. Another 30,000 lived in the surrounding communities and almost 700,000 in the surrounding region.^[1]

The Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve is located to the extreme north of the inter-tropical zone. The climate in the region is influenced by its proximity to the coast, the effect of its landform (orographic shade) and the breadth of its altitudinal range. These characteristics explain the high biodiversity and the presence of numerous plant formations ranging from tropical forests to temperate-cold climates.

The Sierra de Manantlán's varied and complex plant cover harbours a great wealth of flora. There are over 2900 species of vascular plants belonging to 981 genera. Wildlife is one of the important components of the high biodiversity in this reserve. Among the main values of the Sierra de Manantlán, in addition to its great wealth of species and its unique biogeographical characteristics, particular mention should be made of the presence of endangered or useful endemic species. So far 110 mammal species have been reported, including the Mexican vole subspecies Microtus mexicanus neveriae, the pocket gopher Cratogeomys gymnurus russelli, the oncilla, jaguarandi, ocelot, puma, bobcat, jaguar and four species of nectarivorous bats.

There are 336 bird species which have been reported, among them are 36 which are endemic to Mexico, such as the charismatic species: crested guan (Penelope purpurascens), military macaw (Ara militaris), red-lored amazon (Amazona autumnalis) and the Mexican national symbol, the golden eagle. In terms of herpetofauna, 85 species have been recorded; of these 13 are endemic to the western and central region of Mexico: rattlesnake, black iguana, frog , beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) and the Autlan rattlesnake (Crotalus lannomi), an endemic species only reported for the area of Puerto de Los Mazos. Of the 16 species of fish identified, 13 are native and four are endemic to the region.

Most plants in the list below can be found in Flora de Manantlán,^[2] and that should be assumed as a reference when no other is indicated. References to other sources are included where found. The herbarium web pages at the National Autonomous University of Mexico^[3] and at the Missouri Botanical Garden^[4] are used as authorities for names with adjustments for the system in use by Wikipedia. Species include ecosystem, growth habit, and common names where available.

Cycads[]

Zamiaceae[]

• Zamia loddigesii:^[2] a shrub or Spanish: arbusto

Coniferae[]

Pines and their allies.

Cupressaceae[]

Cupressus[]

• Cupressus lusitanica:^[2][5][6] a tree or árbol – found in pine forest and – called Mexican white cedar, cedar-of-Goa, cypress, in Spanish cipres, cedro, cedro blanco

Pinaceae[]

Abies[]

• Abies guatemalensis:^[2][5][7][8] tree
• Abies religiosa:^{[2][5][6][7][9]} tree – cloud forest, pine-fir forest – sacred fir, oyamel, pinabete

Pinus[]

• Pinus devoniana:^[2][5] tree
• Pinus douglasiana:^{[2][5][6][8][9][10]} tree – cloud forest, pine-oak forest, pine forest – pino
• Pinus durangensis:^[2][5] tree
• Pinus herrerae:^[2][5][6][8] tree – pine-oak forest, pine forest – pino chino
• Pinus leiophylla:^[2][5][9] tree
• Pinus maximinoi:^[2][5][8] tree – ocote
• Pinus montezumae:^[2][5] tree
• Pinus oocarpa:^[2][5][6][8] tree – pine-oak forest, pine forest
• Pinus pseudostrobus:^[2][5][9] tree – pine forest, pine-fir forest – pino ocote, chamite, pachingo

Podocarpaceae[]

Podocarpus[]

• :^[2] tree

Monocotyledons or Liliopsida[]

Cyperaceae[]

Cyperus[]

• ^[6]

Graminea or Poaceae[]

Festuca[]

• ^[6]

Liliaceae or Asparagaceae[]

Agave[]

• ^[5]

Otatea[]

• Otatea acuminata^[5][7] – otatillo rodillon
• ^[5]

Piptochaetium[]

• ^[6]

Zea[]

• Zea diploperennis^[5] – milpilla

Smilacaceae[]

Smilax[]

• ^[6]

Typhaceae[]

Typha[]

• Typha domingensis^[5]

Magnoliopsida or Dicotyledons[]

Flowering plants

Acanthaceae[]

Aphelandra[]

• :^[2] shrub
• :^[2] shrub

Barleria[]

• :^[2] shrub

Dicliptera[]

• Dicliptera resupinata: herb

Dyschoriste[]

• : herb – herbabuenilla, hierbabuenita
• : herb
• or D. angustifolia: herb

Elytraria[]

• : herb

Henrya[]

• : herb
• : herb

Justicia or Jacobinia[]

• : herb
• Justicia aurea: herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb
• Justicia spicigera: herb

Pseuderanthemum[]

• : herb
• : herb

Ruellia[]

• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : herb
• : herb

Tetramerium[]

• : herb
• : herb
• : herb

Ruellia or Blechum[]

• :^[2] herb

Actinidiaceae[]

Saurauia[]

• Saurauia serrata:^[5] tree – mamey

Aizoaceae or Molluginaceae[]

Mollugo[]

• Mollugo verticillata

Trianthema[]

• Trianthema portulacastrum: herb

Amaranthaceae[]

Achyranthes[]

• Achyranthes aspera: herb – hierba de sapo

Alternanthera[]

• : herb

Amaranthus[]

• Amaranthus cruentus: herb
• Amaranthus dubius: herb – quielite, plante de puerco, quielite blanco
• Amaranthus hybridus: herb – quielite
• Amaranthus palmeri: herb – quielite
• Amaranthus polygonoides: herb
• Amaranthus spinosus: herb – quelite espinoso

Celosia[]

• : herb

Chamissoa[]

• Chamissoa altissima: herb – hierba del arlomo

Froelichia[]

• : herb

Gomphrena[]

• : herb

Iresine[]

• Iresine angustifolia: herb – hierba del arlomo
• : herb
• : herb
• Iresine diffusa: herb – hierba del arlomo
• : herb
• : herb – hierba del arlomo
• : herb – hierba del arlomo

Lagrezia[]

• : herb

Pleuropetalum[]

• : herb

Anacardiaceae[]

Amphipterygium[]

• Amphipterygium adstringens^[5]

Astronium[]

Cyrtocarpa[]

• Cyrtocarpa procera

Pistacia[]

• Pistacia mexicana: tree – pistache

Pseudosmodingium[]

Rhus[]

Spondias[]

• Spondias purpurea: tree – ciruela cimmarona, jocote

Toxicodendron[]

• Toxicodendron radicans: vine – yedra
• Toxicodendron radicans var. divaricatum: vine – yedra

Apiaceae[]

Eryngium[]

• ^[5]

Annonaceae[]

Annona[]

• Annona cherimola: tree – cherimoya
• : tree – anona
• Annona muricata: tree – guanábana, soursop
• Annona purpurea:^[5] tree – cabezo, cabeza de negro, soncoya, sincuya
• Annona reticulata: tree – anona, anonilla, hilama
• Annona squamosa: tree – sugar apple

Apocynaceae or Asclepiadaceae[]

Asclepias[]

• Asclepias angustifolia: herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb
• Asclepias curassavica: herb – caldrona, chichi de burra, diente de perro
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb – chichis de burra
• : herb
• : herb
• Asclepias sp. nov.: herb

Blepharodon[]

• : vine

Cryptostegia[]

• Cryptostegia grandiflora: vine – rubber vine, jasmin

Cynanchum[]

• : vine
• : vine
• : vine
• : vine
• Cynanchum sp. nov.: vine

Gonolobus[]

• : vine
• : vine
• : vine
• Gonolobus sp. nov. 1: vine
• Gonolobus sp. nov. 2: vine

Marsdenia[]

• : vine
• : vine
• : vine

Matelea[]

• : vine
• : vine
• : vine
• : vine
• : vine
• : vine
• : vine
• : vine
• Matelea sp.: vine
• Matelea sp. nov.: vine

[]

• Mellichampia sp.: vine

Metastelma[]

• Metastelma sp.: vine

Sarcostemma[]

• : vine
• Sarcostemma clausum: vine
• : vine
• : vine
• : vine

Apocynaceae[]

Alstonia[]

• Alstonia longifolia: tree

Haplophyton[]

• : herb

Laubertia[]

Mandevilla[]

• : vine
• : vine
• : vine
• : vine

Plumeria[]

• Plumeria obtusa: shrub – cacalote, fragipani
• Plumeria rubra: shrub – fragipani, mata de jardin

Prestonia[]

• : shrub

Rauvolfia[]

• :
• Rauvolfia tetraphylla: shrub

Stemmadenia[]

• Stemmadenia donnell-smithii: shrub – San Antonio
• Stemmadenia tomentosa: shrub – cabrito, rosa amarilla, San Antonio

Tabernaemontana[]

• Tabernaemontana alba: shrub

Thenardia[]

• : tree

Thevetia[]

• : shrub

Vallesia[]

• Vallesia sp. nov.

Vinca[]

• Vinca major: perennial groundcover – quebra plato

Aquifoliaceae[]

Ilex[]

• :^[5][6] cloud forest
• Ilex tolucana: ivy^[5][9]

Araliaceae[]

Aralia[]

• : tree – guardalagua

Dendropanax[]

• :^[5][6][9] cloud forest

Oreopanax[]

• Oreopanax echinops: tree – mano de leon
• Oreopanax peltatus: tree
• : tree
• :^[5][6][9] tree – cloud forest

Aristolochiaceae[]

Aristolochia[]

• : vine
• : vine
• : vine
• : vine – tecopaste
• : vine – guaco, pacueco
• : vine – contrahierba

Balsaminaceae[]

Impatiens[]

• Impatiens balsamina: herb – belen

Basellaceae[]

Anredera[]

• Anredera vesicaria: vine

Begoniaceae[]

Begonia[]

• : herb – calidonia
• : herb
• : herb
• Begonia gracilis: annual herb
• Begonia heracleifolia: herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb
• Begonia sp. 1: herb
• Begonia sp. 2: herb
• Begonia sp. 3: herb

Berberidaceae[]

Berberis[]

• Berberis incerta: shrub

Betulaceae[]

Alnus[]

• : tree – aile
• Alnus jorullensis:^[5][6][9] tree – pine-oak forest, pine forest – aile
• : tree – palo de casa

Carpinus[]

• :^[5][6] cloud forest, pine-oak forest – mora blanca

Ostrya[]

• Ostrya virginiana:^[5][6][9] cloud forest – mora, mora rojo

Bignoniaceae[]

Amphilophium[]

• : vine
• : vine

Astianthus[]

• Astianthus viminalis: shrub – achuchil, sabino,

Crescentia[]

• Crescentia alata: shrub tree – cuastecomate

Distictis[]

• : shrub tree – cuije

Melloa[]

• : shrub tree – piene de chango, lengua de vaca

Pithecoctenium[]

• : shrub tree

Tabebuia[]

• Tabebuia chrysantha:^[5] shrub – primavera
• Tabebuia rosea: shrub – rosa morada

Tecoma[]

• Tecoma stans: shrub – flor de noche, tronadora

Bixaceae[]

Bixa[]

• Bixa orellana: shrub or tree – achiote

Bombacaceae[]

Bernoullia[]

Ceiba[]

• : tree
• : tree – pochote
• Ceiba pentandra: ^[5] tree – higuera, salaton

Pseudobombax[]

• Pseudobombax ellipticum^[5] – clavellina
• : tree

Boraginaceae[]

Bourreria[]

Cordia[]

• Cordia alliodora: tree – botoncillo
• : tree
• : tree – sebo
• :^[5] tree – barcino
• : tree
• : tree
• : tree – frutilla
• : tree
• : tree – bejuco negro, bejuco prieto, cabeza de arriera

Ehretia[]

• : tree

Heliotropium[]

• : herb
• Heliotropium indicum: annual herb – borajilla, heliptrope
• : herb
• : herb – jaboncillo

[]

• : herb
• : herb

Tournefortia[]

• : herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb

Buddlejaceae[]

Buddleja[]

• Buddleja cordata: shrub – butterfly bush, topozan, tepoza
• Buddleja parviflora:^[9] shrub – tepozan
• Buddleja sessiliflora: shrub – tepozan

Burseraceae[]

Bursera[]

• :^[5] tree
• × : tree
• :^[5] tree
• : tree
• Bursera fagaroides:^[5] tree – copal, cuajiote
• Bursera grandifolia: tree – cuajiote colorado
• Bursera graveolens:^[5] tree – palo santo
• : tree
• : tree
• : tree
• Bursera penicillata: tree
• Bursera rhoifolia: tree
• : tree
• Bursera simaruba:^[5] tree – cuajiote blanco
• Bursera sp. nov.

Commiphora[]

• : tree

Terebinthus[]

• : tree

Cactaceae[]

Acanthocereus[]

• : vine cactus

Cephalocereus[]

• : barrel cactus – Sonora

Epiphyllum[]

• Epiphyllum anguliger: vine cactus – pitayita

Ferocactus[]

• : barrel cactus – biznaga

Heliocereus[]

• Heliocereus speciosus: vine cactus – pitayita

Hylocereus[]

• : vine cactus – pitahaya
• : vine cactus

Mammillaria[]

• Mammillaria beneckei: barrel cactus
• : barrel cactus – biznaguita
• : barrel cactus
• : barrel cactus

Neobuxbaumia[]

• ^[5]

Nopalea[]

• : nopal cactus – prickly pear, nopal de venadillo, tuna

Opuntia[]

• : nopal cactus
• Opuntia fuliginosa: nopal cactus – nopal, tuna
• : nopal cactus – nopal

Pachycereus[]

• Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum^[5] – cactus organo, pitayo cimmaron, huevo de sopilote

Peniocereus[]

• : vine cactus

Pereskiopsis[]

• : cactus bush
• Pereskiopsis diguetii: cactus bush – patilona, patilon

Rhipsalis[]

• Rhipsalis baccifera: cactus herb

Selenicereus[]

• : vine cactus
• : vine cactus

Stenocereus[]

• Stenocereus queretaroensis^[5] – organo huevo de sopilote, petaya, pitayita

Callitrichaceae[]

Callitriche[]

• Callitriche heterophylla: aquatic herb

Campanulaceae or Lobeliaceae[]

Diastatea[]

Heterotoma[]

• var. glabra: annual herb

Lobelia[]

• : annual herb
• : annual herb
• : annual herb – Jalisco
• Lobelia laxiflora: annual herb
• : annual herb
• : annual herb

Capparaceae[]

Capparis[]

• Capparis mollicella: shrub – caper, periquillo
• : shrub

Cleome[]

• : annual herb
• : annual herb – volantin
• : annual herb – iltis
• Cleome viscosa: annual herb

Crateva[]

• : tree – cascaron, granadilla

Morisonia[]

• : tree – chico cimarron, rasca, chicozapote

Capparaceae or Resedaceae[]

Forchhammeria[]

Caprifoliaceae[]

Lonicera[]

• : shrub – honeysuckle

Symphoricarpos[]

• Symphoricarpos microphyllus: shrub

Caprifoliaceae or Adoxaceae[]

Viburnum[]

• :^[9] shrub
• : shrub

Caricaceae[]

Carica[]

• Carica papaya: tree – papaya

Jacaratia[]

• Jacaratia mexicana:^[5] tree – bonete

Jarilla[]

• : tree

Caryophyllaceae[]

Arenaria[]

• : herb – sandwort
• : herb – sandwort

Cerastium[]

• : herb – chickweed
• : herb – chickweed

Drymaria[]

• Drymaria cordata: herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb

Stellaria[]

• Stellaria spp.: herbs - starwort, stitchwort; (formerly the now-obsolete genus Alsine)
  • : herb – chickweed

Celastraceae[]

Celastrus[]

• : shrub – bejuco relumbroso, junquillo

Perrottetia[]

• : bush

Rhacoma[]

• : tree

Schaefferia[]

• Schaefferia frutescens: shrub
• : shrub

Wimmeria[]

• : shrub – zarcillito

Zinowiewia[]

• :^[5][6][9] shrub – cloud forest – librillo

Chenopodiaceae[]

Chenopodium[]

• Chenopodium ambrosioides: annual herb – epazote
• Chenopodium graveolens: annual herb – epazote

Chloranthaceae[]

Hedyosmum[]

• Hedyosmum mexicanum:^[6] tree – cloud forest – guardalagua

Chrysobalanaceae[]

Couepia[]

• Couepia polyandra: shrub – zapotillo

Licania[]

• : shrub

Clethraceae[]

Clethra[]

• :^[5] bush (not in Vazquez)
• : bush – canelo, roble
• :^[6][9] bush – cloud forest, pine-oak forest – cucharo
• Clethra sp.: bush

Cochlospermaceae or Bixaceae[]

Cochlospermum[]

• Cochlospermum vitifolium:^[5] tree – panicua

Combretaceae[]

Combretum[]

• Combretum fruticosum: vine or trepedora – peine de chango, peinecillo

Compositae or Asteraceae[]

Acmella[]

• Acmella alba: herb – toothache plant
• : herb – toothache plant

Ageratum[]

• : annual herb
• : annual herb
• : annual herb^{[clarification needed]}
• Ageratum houstonianum: annual herb

Alloispermum[]

• : annual herb
• : annual herb
• var. palmeri: annual herb
• var. scabrum: annual herb

Archibaccharis[]

• : shrub
• var. glandulosa: shrub
• Archibaccharis schiedeana: shrub
• : shrub

Aster or Symphyotrichum[]

• : herb – hojasen
• Aster subulatus: herb

Baccharis[]

• : shrub – caracuata cimarrona
• : shrub
• : shrub
• Baccharis pteronioides: shrub – escoba, jarilla, yerba de pasm
• Baccharis salicifolia: shrub – mule fat
• : shrub – heirba de arlomo

Baltimora[]

• : herb

Bidens[]

• : herb
• var. aequisquama: herb
• var. odorata: herb
• Bidens odorata var. rosea: herb
• : herb
• Bidens pilosa: herb – beggarticks, aceitilla
• var. urbanii: herb
• var. refracta: herb
• : herb
• : herb
• Bidens triplinervia: herb

Brickellia[]

• Brickellia adenolepis: herb
• Brickellia cardiophylla: herb
• Brickellia diffusa: herb
• Brickellia filipes: herb
• : herb
• Brickellia magnifica: shrub:
• Brickellia scoparia: herb or shrub
• Brickellia secundiflora var. monticola: herb or shrub
• Brickellia squarrosa:^[5] herb or shrub
• Brickellia subuligera: shrub

Calea[]

• var. urticifolia: shrub – amargocilla, regama, tacote amargoso

Carminatia[]

• Carminatia recondita: herb
• Carminatia tenuiflora: herb

Chaptalia[]

• : herb

Chrysanthemum[]

• Chrysanthemum indicum var. mexicanum: herb

Cirsium[]

• : perennial root herb – thistle, cardo santo
• : perennial root herb
• Cirsium mexicanum: perennial root herb
• : perennial root
• Cirsium sp. nov.: perennial root – cardo santo

Clibadium[]

• : herb

Conyza[]

• : herb
• Conyza bonariensis: herb – alcanforcilla, arnica?
• Conyza canadensis: herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb
• : herb

Coreopsis[]

• : herb

Cosmos[]

• Cosmos bipinnatus: herb – amapola
• : herb
• : herb
• Cosmos sulphureus: herb

Cymophora[]

• : herb

Dahlia[]

• Dahlia coccinea: herb – charahuesca
• : perennial bulb herb – arbusto

Decachaeta[]

• : bush

Delilia[]

• : herb

Desmanthodium[]

• : shrub

Dyssodia[]

• Dyssodia neomexicana var. pulcherrima: herb
• var. cancellata: shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub

Eclipta[]

• Eclipta prostrata: herb

Elephantopus[]

• Elephantopus mollis: herb

Erechtites[]

• Erechtites hieraciifolius: herb

Erigeron[]

• : herb
• var. ortigae: herb
• : herb
• Erigeron velutipes: herb – botoncillo, seraja

Eupatorium[]

• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub – vara blanca
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• Eupatorium monanthum: shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• Eupatorium odoratum: herb – tavardillo
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• Eupatorium pauperculum: shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• : shrub
• Eupatorium sonorae: shrub
• : shrub

Eupatorium or Ageratina[]

• : shrub
• : shrub

Fleischmannia[]

• : herb – escobita

Florestina[]

• : herb

Galeana[]

• : herb

Galinsoga[]

• Galinsoga quadriradiata: herb – tacote

Gnaphalium[]

• Gnaphalium americanum: herb
• var. attenuatum: herb
• var. sylvicola: herb
• : herb – gordolobo
• Gnaphalium canescens: herb
• : herb
• : herb
• var. monticola: herb
• : herb
• : herb
• Gnaphalium sphacelatum: herb
• : herb
• Gnaphalium sp.: herb

Guardiola[]

Helenium[]

• Helenium scorzonerifolium

Heliopsis[]

• Heliopsis procumbens

Heterosperma[]

• Heterosperma pinnatum

Heterotheca[]

• Hieracium abscissum
• Hieracium fendleri
• Hieracium fendleri subsp. ostreophyllum

Hofmeisteria[]

Isocarpha[]

• Isocarpha oppositifolia

Jaegeria[]

Lagascea[]

Lasianthaea[]

• var. michoacana
• var. helianthoides

Liabum[]

• or
• var. hypoleucum
• Liabum sp. nov.

Melampodium[]

Mikania[]

Milleria[]

Montanoa[]

Odontotrichum[]

Onoseris[]

Osbertia[]

Otopappus[]

Parthenium[]

• Parthenium hysterophorus

Pectis[]

• Pectis linifolia

Perezia[]

Pericalia[]

Perymenium[]

Pinaropappus[]

Piqueria[]

Pittocaulon[]

Pluchea[]

Podachaenium[]

Polymnia[]

Porophyllum[]

• Porophyllum ruderale

Psacalium[]

Pseudelephantopus[]

• Pseudelephantopus spicatus

Rumfordia[]

• var. floribunda
• var. jaliscensis

Schkuhria[]

• Schkuhria pinnata

Sclerocarpus[]

Senecio[]

• Senecio argutus
• var. galicianus
• var. manantlanensis
• ^[6]

Sigesbeckia[]

Simsia[]

Sonchus[]

• Sonchus oleraceus^[6] – serata

Stevia[]

• var. serrata

Tagetes[]

• Tagetes filifolia – anis
• Tagetes lucida – Santa Maria
• Tagetes lunulata
• Tagetes remotiflora – cempaxuchil, zampaxuchil
• Tagetes stenophylla
• Tagetes subulata

Taraxacum[]

• Taraxacum officinale – diente de leon

Tithonia[]

• Tithonia rotundifolia – tacote
• or – acuate, tacote, huevo de tejon

Tridax[]

• Tridax procumbens

Trigonospermum[]

• – tacoti

Tagetes[]

• var. mexicana
• var. longifolia

Verbesina[]

Vernonia[]

• ^[6]

Tagetes[]

• Taraxacum officinale

Viguiera[]

• var. cordata

Zinnia[]

• Zinnia bicolor
• Zinnia peruviana

Connaraceae[]

Rourea[]

Convolvulaceae[]

Evolvulus[]

• Evolvulus alsinoides

Ipomoea[]

• Ipomoea alba
• Ipomoea arborescens
• Ipomoea batatoides
• Ipomoea bracteata
• Ipomoea corymbosa
• Ipomoea hederifolia
• Ipomoea nil – quebra plato
• Ipomoea trifida
• Ipomoea sp. nov.

Coriariaceae[]

Coriaria[]

• Coriaria ruscifolia subsp. microphylla

Cornaceae[]

Cornus[]

• :^[5][6] cloud forest, pine-oak forest, gallery forest – azuhillo
• ^[9] – cuatepinque

Crassulaceae[]

Bryophyllum[]

• Bryophyllum pinnatum – oja de amor

Graptopetalum[]

Curatella[]

• Sedum sp. 1
• Sedum sp. 2

Cruciferae or Brassicaceae[]

Brassica[]

• Brassica rapa – mostaza

Cardamine[]

Lepidium[]

• Lepidium oblongum
• Lepidium virginicum

Raphanus[]

• Raphanus raphanistrum – rapanillo

Rorippa[]

• Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum – berro

Cucurbitaceae[]

Cayaponia[]

• – pedo de Judas
• – amole

[]

Cucumis[]

• Cucumis anguria – peppinillo

Cucurbita[]

• Cucurbita argyrosperma – calabaza de peljeho, calabaze de Castilla de pellejo
• Cucurbita ficifolia – si la coyote

Cyclanthera[]

Echinopepon[]

• Echinopepon lanatus
• Echinopepon racemosus

Ibervillea[]

• – tololonche

Melothria[]

• Melothria pendula
• Melothria pringlei

Momordica[]

• Momordica charantia – estropajo

Polyclathra[]

[]

Schizocarpum[]

Sechium[]

Sicyos[]

Cuscutaceae[]

Cuscuta[]

• – tirisia
• or – tripa de pollo, tirisia

Dichapetalaceae[]

Tapura[]

Dilleniaceae[]

Curatella[]

• Curatella americana^[5] – rasca vieja

Davilla[]

Dipentodontaceae[]

Perrottetia[]

• :^[6] cloud forest

Ebenaceae[]

Diospyros[]

• Diospyros sp.

Elaeocarpaceae[]

Muntingia[]

• Muntingia calabura – majagua

Sloanea[]

• – aguatoso, ajuatoso

Ericaceae[]

Arbutus[]

• Arbutus occidentalis – madrono
• Arbutus xalapensis^[5][8][9] – madroño

Comarostaphylis[]

• ^[9] – madronillo, madrono
• subsp. manantlanensis – madronillo

Gaultheria[]

Vaccinium[]

• ^[6] – cloud forest, pine-oak forest, pine forest – capulincillo

Euphorbiaceae[]

Acalypha[]

• Acalypha ostryifolia
• Acalypha sp.

Adelia[]

• Adelia barbinervis

Argythamnia[]

Astrocasia[]

Bernardia[]

Bernardia[]

• or
• var. procumbens

Chiropetalum[]

Cnidoscolus[]

• – chiquile

Croton[]

• – dominguilla
• – morado

Dalechampia[]

Dalembertia[]

Euphorbia[]

• Euphorbia cotinifolia
• Euphorbia cyathophora
• Euphorbia dentata
• var. novogaliciana
• Euphorbia heterophylla
• Euphorbia pulcherrima
• var. pacifica

Gymnanthes[]

Hura[]

• ^[5] – habillo

Jatropha[]

Mabea[]

Manihot[]

• subsp. microcarpa

Margaritaria[]

• Margaritaria nobilis – agrio, varudo, jicama de cerro

Pedilanthus[]

• – candelilla
• – candelilla
• – candelilla

Phyllanthus[]

• Phyllanthus niruri

Ricinus[]

• Ricinus communis – higuerilla

Sapium[]

Sebastiania[]

• Sebastiania hintonii

Tragia[]

Sebastiania[]

• Sebastiania hintonii:^[6] cloud forest

Fagaceae[]

Quercus[]

• Quercus aristata
• Quercus candicans:^[5][6][9] cloud forest
• Quercus castanea:^[5][6][9] pine-oak forest, pine forest
• Quercus confertifolia
• Quercus crassifolia^[5]
• Quercus crassipes^[5][9]
• Quercus deserticola
• Quercus elliptica
• Quercus excelsa^[5]
• Quercus gentryi^[9]
• Quercus insignis^[5]
• Quercus laeta
• Quercus laurina:^[5][6][9] pine-oak forest, pine forest, pine-fir forest – ,
• Quercus magnoliifolia:^[5][6][8] pine-oak forest, pine forest
• Quercus martinezii
• Quercus obtusata^[5]
• Quercus peduncularis^[5]
• Quercus planipocula^[5]
• Quercus praineana
• Quercus resinosa
• Quercus rugosa^[5][9] – quiebra hacha
• Quercus resinosa^[5][8]
• Quercus salicifolia:^[5][6] cloud forest
• ^[8][9]
• Quercus splendens
• Quercus uxoris^[5]
• Quercus splendens
• Quercus xalapensis^[5]
• Quercus splendens
• Quercus sp. nov 1
• Quercus sp. nov 2
• Quercus sp. nov 3

Flacourtiaceae[]

Fouquieria[]

• Casearia sylvestris

Hasseltiopsis[]

• Hasseltiopsis dioica

Neopringlea[]

Prockia[]

Xylosma[]

• Xylosma flexuosa

Fouquieriaceae[]

Fouquieria[]

• Fouquieria formosa^[5]

Garryaceae[]

Garrya[]

• :^[6] cloud forest

Gentianaceae[]

Centaurium[]

Gentiana[]

Halenia[]

Geraniaceae[]

Erodium[]

• Erodium cicutarium

Geranium[]

• Geranium sp.

Gesneriaceae[]

Achimenes[]

• Achimenes grandiflora
• Achimenes longiflora

[]

Episcia[]

Moussonia[]

Phinaea[]

Guttiferae or Calophyllaceae[]

Calophyllum[]

• Calophyllum brasiliense:^[5] tree – arbol Maria

Guttiferae or Clusiaceae[]

Clusia[]

• :^[5][6] cloud forest

Guttiferae or Hypericaceae[]

Clusia[]

Rheedia[]

• Rheedia edulis

Hamamelidaceae[]

Matudaea[]

• Matudaea trinervia:^[6] cloud forest – cuencudo, naranjillo

Hernandiaceae[]

Gyrocarpus[]

• – rabelero, volantines

Hippocrateaceae or Celastraceae[]

Hippocratea[]

• – hierba de cancer

Hydrophyllaceae[]

Hydrolea[]

• – borrajillo, espinocilla

Phacelia[]

• – berro, quelite de borrego

Wigandia[]

• – mala mujer, quemadora

Icacinaceae[]

Calatola[]

• – aguacatillo

Juglandaceae[]

Juglans[]

• Juglans major:^[6] cloud forest – black walnut, nogal, nogal cimmarron

Julianaceae[]

Asterohyptis[]

• Amphipterygium adstringens – ciche de perra, cuachalalate

Labiatae or Lamiaceae[]

Asterohyptis[]

Cunila[]

Hyptis[]

• Hyptis capitata
• Hyptis suaveolens

Leonotis[]

• Leonotis nepetifolia – acuate

Lepechinia[]

• – salvia

Leonotis[]

• Leonotis nepetifolia

Marrubium[]

• Marrubium vulgare – marrubio

Mentha[]

• Mentha sp.

Ocimum[]

• Ocimum micranthum – albacar

Salvia[]

• (not listed in Tropicos)
• or
• Salvia elegans^[6] – espinosilla
• Salvia gesneriiflora
• Salvia hispanica
• Salvia iodantha
• Salvia lasiocephala
• Salvia leucantha
• Salvia longispicata
• Salvia longistyla
• Salvia mexicana
• Salvia polystachya
• Salvia purpurea
• Salvia riparia
• Salvia sessei

Satureja[]

• var. laevigata

Scutellaria[]

Stachys[]

• Stachys coccinea
• Stachys manantlanensis

Lauraceae[]

Beilschmiedia[]

• Beilschmiedia pendula

Cinnamomum[]

• :^[5][6][9] cloud forest – laurel

Licaria[]

• – ahuacatillo, cicuito, estrella

Litsea[]

• Litsea glaucescens – laurelillo

Nectandra[]

• – aguacatillo, laurel

Persea[]

• – laurel
• Persea sp.

Leguminosae or Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Fabaceae[]

Acacia[]

• Acacia angustissima var. angustissima – timbre
• Acacia angustissima var. texensis
• – conchilla, espino, huizache
• Acacia farnesiana or Vachellia farnesiana:^[6][9] secondary vegetation – huisache
• Acacia hindsii – huizcolote
• – chachacahuite, guaje
• – tepame
• – tasajillo

Aeschynomene[]

• Aeschynomene americana var. glandulosa
• var. histrix
• Aeschynomene rudis
• var. mexicana
• var. villosa

Albizia[]

• Albizia occidentalis
• – nacastillo, parotilla, pelo de angel

Apoplanesia[]

Astragalus[]

• var. maysillesii
• var. brevidentatus

Bauhinia[]

• Bauhinia divaricata – flor de reina
• – periquillo
• Bauhinia ungulata

[]

Caesalpinia[]

• – cacalote
• Caesalpinia mexicana
• Caesalpinia pulcherrima – tabachin

Calliandra[]

• Calliandra eriophylla
• Calliandra grandiflora
• – cabellos de angel
• :^[6] gallery forest – guajillo, palo fierro
• :^[6] secondary vegetation

Calopogonium[]

• Calopogonium mucunoides

Canavalia[]

Cercidium[]

• Centrosema pubescens – frijolillo
• Centrosema virginianum

Cercidium or Parkinsonia[]

• or Parkinsonia praecox^[5] – palo verde

Chamaecrista[]

• var. meionandra
• Chamaecrista glandulosa var. flavicoma
• Chamaecrista nictitans var. jaliscensis
• Chamaecrista nictitans var. pilosa
• – golondrina cimarrona
• Chamaecrista rotundifolia var. rotundifolia
• var. wrightii

Clitoria[]

Cologania[]

Conzattia[]

Coursetia[]

• – garbancillo

Crotalaria[]

• Crotalaria longirostrata – bicho, cascabelillo, quelite golpeador
• – capitana
• Crotalaria sagittalis

Dalea[]

Desmodium[]

• Desmodium aparines
• Desmodium molliculum
• var. rubricaule
• var. transversum

Diphysa[]

Entada[]

Enterolobium[]

• Enterolobium cyclocarpum^[5] – parota, huanacaste

Eriosema[]

Erythrina[]

• subsp. occidentalis

Eysenhardtia[]

• Eysenhardtia polystachya

Galactia[]

• Galactia sp.

Haematoxylum[]

• Haematoxylum brasiletto – palo brasil

Indigofera[]

Inga[]

• – cuil, guaginiguil, juaniquil peludo
• – jacanicuil cimarron
• Inga laurina – cuaniquil, guajillo, jinicuil
• Inga vera

Leucaena[]

• – huajillo, guaje
• – guaje

Lonchocarpus[]

• Lonchocarpus salvadorensis

Lotus[]

Lupinus[]

• Lupinus elegans – cantues
• ^[5] – cantues
• – cantues

Lysiloma[]

• – tepeguaje
• – tepemezquite consteno
• – pelo de angel

Lysiloma[]

• ^[5]
• ^[5]

Machaerium[]

• – garabatom, guamuchil del diabilillo

Macroptilium[]

• Macroptilium atropurpureum
• Macroptilium sp.

Marina[]

• var. diffusa
• var. neglecta – escobilla

Mimosa[]

• Mimosa invisa
• Mimosa pigra var. berlandieri
• Mimosa pudica
• Mimosa sp.

Nissolia[]

Pachecoa[]

Pachyrhizus[]

• Pachyrhizus erosus var. erosus

Parkinsonia[]

• Parkinsonia aculeata

Phaseolus[]

• Phaseolus coccineus subsp. coccineus
• Phaseolus coccineus subsp. formosus
• Phaseolus lunatus var. lunatus
• var. silvester
• Phaseolus pauciflorus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Phaseolus sp. 1
• Phaseolus sp. 2

Piscidia[]

Pachecoa[]

Pithecellobium[]

• ^[5] – palo fierro
• Pithecellobium dulce – guamuchil
• – guamuchilillo, mochaquelite

Platymiscium[]

Prosopis[]

• Prosopis laevigata^[5] – mesquite

Ramirezella[]

• – cambara

Rhynchosia[]

• Rhynchosia minima
• – colorin, ojo de perico

Schrankia[]

• – sierilla

Senna[]

• Senna alata
• – vainilla
• var. grandiflora
• var. hirta
• var. multifoliolata
• Senna obtusifolia
• Senna occidentalis – bichi
• Senna pendula var. advena
• var. subglabra
• var. quinquangulata
• Senna septemtrionalis

Sphinctospermum[]

• Sphinctospermum constrictum

Stylosanthes[]

• Stylosanthes guianensis

Stylosanthes[]

• Stylosanthes guianensis

Tephrosia[]

Teramnus[]

Trifolium[]

• – trébol

Vicia[]

• subsp. mexicana

Vigna[]

Willardia[]

Zapoteca[]

• subsp. formosa
• subsp. rosei

Zornia[]

Lentibulariaceae[]

Pinguicula[]

Loasaceae[]

Gronovia[]

• – mala mujer, hiedra, ortiga

Klaprothia[]

• – mala mujer

Mentzelia[]

• Mentzelia hispida

Loganiaceae[]

Spigelia[]

Loranthaceae[]

Cladocolea[]

• Cladocolea sp.

Psittacanthus[]

• Psittacanthus calyculatus
• Psittacanthus schiedeanus

Struthanthus[]

Lythraceae[]

Cuphea[]

• var. appendiculata
• – cigarillo, perritos, pulmonaria
• var. lobophora

Heimia[]

• Heimia salicifolia

Magnoliaceae[]

Magnolia[]

• Magnolia iltisiana:^[5][6] cloud forest – cacao, laurel, magnolia

Talauma[]

• Talauma sp. – cacao, yolocochitl

Malpighiaceae[]

Bunchosia[]

Byrsonima[]

• Byrsonima crassifolia^[5] – nance, nanche

Echinopterys[]

• – hierba de la cucaracha

Galphimia[]

• Galphimia sp.

Gaudichaudia[]

Heteropterys[]

• – bjuco quipalero, palo bejucoso, palo de verdura

Lasiocarpus[]

Malpighia[]

• var. nayaritensis

Mascagnia[]

Tetrapterys[]

Malvaceae[]

Abutilon[]

• – amantillo
• – algondoncillo, mantilla

Allosidastrum[]

Anoda[]

• Anoda cristata – malva morada, violeta, violetilla

Briquetia[]

Gaya[]

•  [sv]

Gossypium[]

• Gossypium hirsutum

Heliocarpus[]

• ^[5]

Herissantia[]

• Herissantia crispa

Hibiscus[]

• Hibiscus phoeniceus

Hochreutinera[]

Kearnemalvastrum[]

Kosteletzkya[]

Malachra[]

Malva[]

• Malva parviflora – malva
• Malva sylvestris

Malvastrum[]

• – guinar
• Malvastrum coromandelianum

Malvaviscus[]

• Malvaviscus arboreus var. arboreus

Neobrittonia[]

• – huevos de coyote

Pavonia[]

• var. melanommata

Periptera[]

Phymosia[]

Robinsonella[]

Sida[]

• Sida acuta
• Sida rhombifolia – babosilla, escobita, guinar, huinar

Wissadula[]

Melastomaceae or Melastomataceae[]

Arthrostemma[]

• – yerbamora

Clidemia[]

Conostegia[]

• :^[6] cloud forest – pedorra
• – mora

Heterocentron[]

• Heterocentron subtriplinervium sp. nov.

Leandra[]

• Leandra subseriata

Miconia[]

• Miconia albicans – morita, pedorra

Pterolepis[]

Tibouchina[]

• Tibouchina sp. nov.

Meliaceae[]

Cedrela[]

• Cedrela odorata^[5] – cedro rojo
• Cedrela odorata sp. nov.

Guarea[]

• ^[5]

Swietenia[]

• Swietenia humilis^[5] – caoba, cobano

Trichilia[]

• – periquillo

Menispermaceae[]

[]

Cissampelos[]

• Cissampelos pareira – colorín, ohode perico, orozul

Disciphania[]

Monimiaceae or Siparunaceae[]

Siparuna[]

• – limoncillo, azagar, chumbejo

Menispermaceae[]

Monotropa[]

• Monotropa hypopitys – pipa de indio, Indian pipes

Mimosoideae[]

Inga[]

• Inga vera subsp. eriocarpa:^[6] cloud forest – cuaniquil

Moraceae[]

Brosimum[]

• Brosimum alicastrum^[5] – mojo, capomo, mojote

[]

Dorstenia[]

• Dorstenia drakena – gallito, barbudilla

Ficus[]

• Ficus cookii
• – amate negro, tescalama
• – tescalama, zalate, zalaton
• Ficus insipida – higuera, amate, higuera blanca
• Ficus insipida var. insipida – camchin, higuera
• Ficus isophlebia
• Ficus lapathifolia – amate de hoja ancha
• Ficus maxima – higueron peluda
• – higuera
• Ficus obtusifolia – higuerón
• Ficus pertusa – amatillo, camichin
• Ficus petiolaris^[5]
• Ficus tuerckheimii
• Ficus petiolaris – camichin
• Ficus sp. 1
• Ficus sp. 2
• Ficus sp. 3

Trophis[]

• :^[6] gallery forest
• Trophis racemosa^[5] – ramoncillo

Moraceae or Urticaceae[]

Cecropia[]

• Cecropia obtusifolia – guarumbo, huarumbo, huitapil

Coussapoa[]

• – tescalamilla

Myricaceae[]

Morella[]

• Morella cerifera – wax myrtle, falso encino

Myrsinaceae[]

Ardisia[]

• – capulin, capulincillo, cordoban
• – arrayán, cordoban, timbuche agrio

Gentlea[]

Parathesis[]

• – mananita, timbuche cimarron

Rapanea[]

• – naranjillo;

[]

Myrtaceae[]

Calyptranthes[]

• var. mexicana – murta

Eugenia[]

• – capulín de mayo

Myrcianthes[]

• Myrcianthes fragrans var. fragrans – lentisco

Psidium[]

• – guayaba
• Psidium guineense – guayaba cimarrón, guavea del cerro, guayabilla, guaybilla vendera
• Psidium sartorianum – arrayán

Nyctaginaceae[]

Boerhavia[]

• Boerhavia coccinea – abrojo rojo

Mirabilis[]

• Mirabilis jalapa – aretito, maravilla
• Mirabilis nyctaginea

Pisonia[]

• var. aculeata – coma de uña, garabato, garabato prieto

Pisoniella[]

Salpianthus[]

Ochnaceae[]

Ouratea[]

Olacaceae[]

Ximenia[]

• Ximenia americana – ciruelillo

Oleaceae[]

Forestiera[]

Fraxinus[]

• Fraxinus uhdei:^[5][6][9] cloud forest

Osmanthus[]

• Osmanthus americanus

Onagraceae[]

Epilobium[]

Fuchsia[]

• Fuchsia arborescens:^[6] cloud forest
• Fuchsia fulgens – aretillo, chichile
• Fuchsia microphylla subsp. microphylla – coralillo, aretillo
• subsp. thymifolia

Gaura[]

Lopezia[]

• subsp. miniata
• subsp. racemosa – alfilerillo

Ludwigia[]

• Ludwigia decurrens
• Ludwigia octovalvis – calavera

Oenothera[]

• Oenothera pubescens – linda tarde
• Oenothera rosea – hierba del golpe, linda artardecer

Opiliaceae[]

Agonandra[]

Oxalidaceae[]

Oxalis[]

• Oxalis alpina
• Oxalis corniculata
• – cañitas

[]

Argemone[]

• Argemone ochroleuca – cardo santo, aceitilla, arnica blanca del campo, chicalote

Bocconia[]

• – arbol de Juda, llora sangre
• Bocconia frutescens – barbasco

[]

Passiflora[]

• Passiflora biflora
• Passiflora foetida – maracuyá silvestre
• Passiflora jorullensis
• var. angustifolia
• Passiflora suberosa
• Passiflora sp. nov. 1
• Passiflora sp. nov. 2
• Passiflora sp.

Pedaliaceae or Martyniaceae[]

Martynia[]

• Martynia annua – gatitos, toritos

Proboscidea[]

• – hierba del toro

Phytolaccaceae[]

Ledenbergia[]

Petiveria[]

Petiveria alliacea – hierba del zorrillo, zorillo, caricillo silvestre

Phytolacca[]

Phytolacca icosandra – jaboncillo, conguerin, quilite – higuerilla

Rivina[]

Rivina humilis – bajatripa

Ledenbergia[]

Trichostigma octandrum – bejuco negro

Piperaceae[]

Peperomia[]

• – pimienta de tierra
• Peperomia galioides
• Peperomia tetraphylla
• Peperomia sp. 1
• Peperomia sp. 2
• Peperomia sp. 3
• Peperomia sp. 4
• Peperomia sp. 5
• Peperomia sp. 6

Piper[]

• – cordoncillo hoja
• – hierba del arlomo, hoja santa
• – hierba de arlomo
• – hierba del arlomo, hoja santa
• Piper sanctum – acoyo, sacamantilla
• Piper umbellatum – acuya, hoja santa, sacamantilla
• – belencillo, cigarillo, cordoncillo
• Piper sp.

Plantaginaceae[]

Plantago[]

– lanten

Plumbaginaceae[]

Plumbago[]

• Plumbago scandens – flor de pegajoso, hierba del cancer, pegajoso

Podostemaceae[]

Podostemon[]

Primulaceae[]

Parathesis[]

• :^[6] cloud forest

Rhamnaceae[]

Rhamnus[]

• :^[6] cloud forest

Rosaceae[]

Alchemilla[]

• ^[9]

Crataegus[]

• Crataegus mexicana or Crataegus pubescens^[9] – Mexican hawthorn, tejocote, manzanita, tejocotera

Photinia[]

• :^[6] gallery forest

Prunus[]

• Prunus cortapico:^[6] cloud forest, pine-oak forest
• Prunus serotina^[5] – black cherry

Rubus[]

• Rubus adenotrichos:^[6] secondary vegetation

Rubiaceae[]

Balmea[]

• Balmea stormiae:^[6] gallery forest

Chiococca[]

• :^[6] gallery forest

Rondeletia[]

• :^[6] cloud forest

Sabiaceae[]

Meliosma[]

• :^[6] cloud forest

Salicaceae[]

Populus[]

• Populus guzmanantlensis^[11]

Salix[]

• Salix bonplandiana^[5]
• :^[6] gallery forest
• ^[5]

Xylosma[]

• Xylosma flexuosa:^[6][9] cloud forest

Santalaceae or Viscaceae[]

Arceuthobium[]

• : vine

Phoradendron[]

• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe
• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe
• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe
• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe
• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe
• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe
• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe
• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe
• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe
• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe
• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe
• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe
• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe
• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe
• : parasitic epiphyte – mistletoe

Sapindaceae and Aceraceae[]

Acer[]

• Acer saccharum subsp. skutchii:^[12] tree – sugar maple, algodoncillo – disjunct relict of a much more northern species

Solanaceae[]

Solanum[]

• ^[6]

Styracaceae[]

Styrax[]

• :^[5][6] cloud forest
• ^[9]

Symplocaceae[]

Symplocos[]

• ^[5][9]

Theaceae or Pentaphylacaceae[]

Cleyera[]

• :^[6] cloud forest, gallery forest

Symplococarpon[]

• :^[5][6] cloud forest

Ternstroemia[]

• Ternstroemia lineata^[5][9] – chico curioso

Tiliaceae or Malvaceae[]

Tilia[]

• Tilia mexicana or Tilia americana var. mexicana:^[5][6] cloud forest – sirimo

Triumfetta[]

• :^[6] cloud forest

Ulmaceae or Cannabaceae[]

[]

• ^[5]

Urticaceae[]

Cecropia[]

• Cecropia obtusifolia^[5]

Verbenaceae[]

Citharexylum[]

• :^[6] cloud forest

Lippia[]

• :^[6][9] cloud forest

Verbena[]

• ^[6]

Violaceae[]

Hybanthus[]

• : herb
• : herb
• : herb

Viola[]

• : herb
• : herb

Vitaceae[]

Ampelocissus[]

• : vine

Ampelopsis[]

• : vine

Cissus[]

• : vine
• Cissus rhombifolia: vine – bejuco de agua, parilla, uva
• Cissus verticillata: vine – parilla

Parthenocissus[]

• Parthenocissus quinquefolia: vine – Virginia creeper

Vitis[]

• Vitis tiliifolia: vine – uva

Zygophyllaceae[]

Guaiacum[]

• Guaiacum coulteri:^[5] tree – lignum vitae, palo fierro

Kallstroemia[]

• : shrub
• : shrub

Tribulus[]

• Tribulus cistoides: shrub

See also[]

• List of birds of the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve
• Reptiles of the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve

Notes[]

References[]

• Balcazar Medina, Oscar Enrique, 2011. "Patrones geoecologicos de indendios forestales en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlan". Tesis Universidad de Guadalajara
• Cassell, B. A. (2012). "Fire History of the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve in Western México", University of Washington.
• Cerano-Paredes, J, J. Villanueva-Díaz, R. Cervantes-Martínez, P. Fulé, L. Yocom, G. Esquivel-Arriaga, E. Jardel-Peláez 2015. "Historia de incendios en un bosque de pino de la sierra de Manantlán, Jalisco, México". Bosque 36(1): 41-52, 2015 doi:10.4067/S0717-92002015000100005
• Figueroa-Rangel, B. L., et al. (2008). "4200 Years of Pine‐dominated Upland Forest Dynamics in West‐central Mexico: Human or Natural Legacy". Ecology 89(7): 1893-1907
• Jardel Peláez, Enrique J., Gerardo Vélica Zúñiga, Oscar E. Balcázar Medina, Ramón Cuevas Guzmán, Eduardo Santana Castellón, Luis Manuel Martínez Rivera (2013). "Determinación De La Subzonificacion De La Reserva De La Biosfera Sierra De Manantlan". Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales-IMECBIO, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, En colaboración con Dirección de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán, Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, Autlán, Jalisco. February 2013
• Olvera-Vargas, M., et al. (2010). "Is there environmental differentiation in the Quercus-dominated forests of west-central Mexico?" Plant Ecology 211(2): 321-335.
• Vargas-Rodriguez, Y. L. and W. J. Platt (2012). "Remnant sugar maple (Acer saccharum subsp. skutchii) populations at their range edge: Characteristics, environmental constraints and conservation implications in tropical America". Biological Conservation 150(1): 111-120.
• Vazquez, Antonio and Ramon Cuevas (1989). "Una Nueva Especie Tropical De Populus (Sallcaceae) De La Sierra De Manantlan, Jalisco, Mexico". Acta Botánica Mexicana 8:39-45
• Vazquez, J. A., R. Cuevas, T. S. Cochrane, H. H. Iltis, F. J. Santana, and L. Guzman (1995). Flora de Manantlán, BRIT Press.