Tropical cyclones in 2016

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Tropical cyclones in 2016
Tropical cyclones in 2016.png
Year summary map
Year boundaries
First systemPali
FormedJanuary 7, 2016
Last systemNock-ten
DissipatedDecember 28, 2016
Strongest system
NameWinston[nb 1]
Lowest pressure884 mbar/hPa; 26.10 inHg
Longest lasting system
NameWinston
Duration24 days
Year statistics
Total systems140
Named systems84
Total fatalities2,157 total
Total damage$41.46 billion (2016 USD)
Related articles
Other years
2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018

During 2016, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, 140 tropical cyclones formed in bodies of water known as tropical cyclone basins. Of these, 84, including two subtropical cyclones in the South Atlantic Ocean and two tropical-like cyclones in the Mediterranean, were named by various weather agencies when they attained maximum sustained winds of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph). The strongest storm of the year was Winston, peaking with a pressure of 884 hPa (26.10 inHg) and with 10-minute sustained winds of 285 km/h (175 mph) before striking Fiji.[1] The costliest and deadliest tropical cyclone in 2016 was Hurricane Matthew, which impacted Haiti, Cuba, Florida, Georgia and the Carolinas, causing US$15.09 billion in damage.[2] Matthew killed 603 people; 546 in Haiti,[3] 47 in United States, 4 in Cuba and Dominican Republic,[4][5] and 1 in Colombia and St. Vincent.[6]

2016 had a slightly above average amount of tropical cyclones forming in the year. The most active basin of the year was the Western Pacific documenting a record 26 named storms. The Eastern Pacific in fact had a above-average season with only 21 named storms forming. The Eastern Pacific similarly was the first above-average since 2012 with 15 named storms forming and merely 7 hurricanes. The above activity can be blamed on a La Niña pattern which formed during the summer of the year. In the North Indian Ocean was a relatively below-average season which featured four named storms. The Southern Hemisphere had relatively average activity throughout much of the year– with the exception of the Australian region which remained below average because of positive IOD[7]– the other South-West Indian Ocean and South Pacific basins featured above-average seasons. Eight Category 5 tropical cyclones were formed in 2016.

Tropical cyclones are primarily monitored by a group of ten warning centers, which have been designated as a Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC) by the World Meteorological Organization. These are the United States National Hurricane Center (NHC) and Central Pacific Hurricane Center, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Météo-France (MFR), Indonesia's Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service, the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) as well as New Zealand's MetService. Other notable warning centers include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), and the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center(BNHC).

Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions[]

Three tropical cyclones active in the Atlantic basin on August 31. From left to right: Hermine (left), TD Eight (northeast of Hermine, middle), and Gaston (right)
Taken by various of satellites throughout 2016, these are the 23 tropical cyclones that reached at least Category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson scale during that year, from Winston in February to Nock-ten in December.
Further information: 2014–2016 El Niño event

During November and December 2015, values within NOAA's Oceanic Niño Index peaked at 2.4 °C (4.3 °F), which surpassed December 1997 value of 2.2 °C (4.0 °F).[8][9][10] NOAA subsequently reported that the 3-month average from November 2015 to January 2016 of the ONI had peaked at 2.3 °C (4.1 °F), which meant that the 2014–16 event was tied with the 1997–98 event for the strongest values on record.[11] However, overall the event was considered to be one of the three strongest El Nino events since 1950, since there was a number of different ways to measure the strength of an event.[11] The event subsequently started to weaken with sea surface temperature anomalies across the equatorial pacific decreasing, while predictions about a possible La Niña event taking place during 2016 started to be made.[12][13]

During May 2016, the El Niño event dissipated as near to below average sea surface temperatures, expanded across the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Atmospheric anomalies over the tropical Pacific Ocean had also weakened and become consistent with ENSO neutral conditions.[14] These anomalies included the traditional and equatorial Southern Oscillation indices becoming near zero, while atmospheric convection, upper and lower level winds all became near average. As a result of this the BoM, NOAA's CPC, IRI, and the JMA, all declared that the record-tying El Niño event had ended in late May/early June.

Summary[]

Typhoon Nock-tenCyclone VardahHurricane OttoNovember 2016 Vietnam tropical depressionTyphoon HaimaTyphoon SarikaTropical Storm Aere (2016)Typhoon Songda (2016)Hurricane Nicole (2016)Hurricane MatthewTyphoon Chaba (2016)Typhoon Megi (2016)Tropical Storm Julia (2016)Typhoon Malakas (2016)Tropical Storm Rai (2016)Typhoon MerantiHurricane Newton (2016)Hurricane HermineHurricane Madeline (2016)Typhoon Lionrock (2016)Typhoon Mindulle (2016)Tropical Storm Dianmu (2016)Hurricane Earl (2016)Tropical Storm Nida (2016)Tropical Storm Mirinae (2016)Hurricane Darby (2016)Typhoon Nepartak (2016)Tropical Storm Colin (2016)Tropical Storm Bonnie (2016)Cyclone RoanuCyclone AmosCyclone FantalaCyclone WinstonHurricane Alex (2016)Hurricane PaliCyclone Ulatropical cyclone basins

North Atlantic Ocean[]

Main article: 2016 Atlantic hurricane season
2016 Atlantic hurricane season summary map

The 2016 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 2016.[15] It was an above average season and the most active since 2012, producing a total of 15 named storms, 7 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes. The first storm, Hurricane Alex, developed on January 12, while the final system, Hurricane Otto, made a crossover to the Eastern Pacific on November 25. The higher-than-normal activity was attributed to many factors. Most significantly, one of the strongest El Niño events recorded in history rapidly dissipated, transforming to cool-neutral conditions across the Pacific in late summer. This led to warmer than normal sea surface temperatures across the Atlantic, though the subtropical regions were slightly cooler than normal; slightly lower than normal sea level pressures; and reduced wind shear, especially in the Caribbean, which had experienced record values of wind shear in the past recent years. Moisture levels, however, were anomalously dry, which likely prevented some of the storms from becoming significant hurricanes. Steering currents had also been different from past years, which had previously had a trough of low pressure dominating the East Coast of the United States.[16] The tropical cyclones of this season caused about $16.1 billion in damage and at least 748 deaths,[17] being the costliest season since 2012, the deadliest since 2008.[18] The Atlantic hurricane season officially ended on November 30, 2016.[15] The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy index of 141 units,[19]which was well above the 1981–2010 median of 92,[20] as well as the highest value since 2010.[19]

The year opened up with an anomalous storm in January: Hurricane Alex, the first such system to develop in January since 1938.[21] Activity picked up at the end of May into June, with three consecutive tropical storms: Bonnie, Colin, and Danielle. The latter two were the earliest third- and fourth-named storms on record.[22][23] July saw no storm development for the first time in four years, however.[24] August saw the formation of five tropical cyclones, including Earl, Fiona, Gaston, Eight, and Hermine. A Category 1 hurricane, Earl wrought tremendous damage in Belize and Mexico. With 81 lives lost in Mexico during the passage of Earl, it was the deadliest Atlantic hurricane in the country since 2005.[25] Gaston became the season's first major hurricane on August 28, attaining peak winds of 120 mph (195 km/h) over the central Atlantic.[26] On September 1, Hermine struck the Florida Peninsula as a Category 1 hurricane, ending an 11-year drought of hurricane landfalls in the state, which began after Hurricane Wilma in October 2005.[27]

September featured another five tropical cyclones: Ian, Julia, Karl, Lisa, and Matthew, the latter of which persisted into October. Matthew proved to be the most significant storm of the season, becoming the first Category 5 hurricane in the Atlantic since Hurricane Felix in 2007,[28] and, with a death toll of over 600, it was the deadliest in the Atlantic basin since Hurricane Stan in 2005. It subsequently struck Haiti as a Category 4 hurricane, and inflicted catastrophic damage across the impoverished nation. Matthew also caused extensive damage in Cuba, the Bahamas, and the Southeastern United States.[29] Concurrently, Hurricane Nicole meandered south of Bermuda for more than a week before making a direct hit on the territory as a major hurricane.[30] The next four weeks were quiet, until Hurricane Otto formed in the southwestern Caribbean during late November. Otto eventually became the latest-forming major hurricane in the Atlantic basin on record, surpassing a storm in 1934.[31] After striking Nicaragua and becoming the first hurricane on record to pass over Costa Rica, Otto – the final tropical cyclone of the season – then emerged into the Eastern Pacific basin on November 25, the first such occurrence since Hurricane Cesar–Douglas in 1996.[31]

Eastern & Central Pacific Oceans[]

Main article: 2016 Pacific hurricane season
2016 Pacific hurricane season summary map

The season was tied as the fifth-most active season on record, alongside the 2014 season. Throughout the course of the year, a total of 22 named storms, 13 hurricanes and six major hurricanes were observed within the basin. Although the season was very active, it was considerably less active than the previous season, with large gaps of inactivity at the beginning and towards the end of the season. It officially started on May 15 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1 in the central Pacific; they both ended on November 30.[32] As illustrated by Hurricane Pali, which became the earliest Central Pacific tropical cyclone on record,[33] the formation of tropical cyclones is possible at any time of the year. Although Pali formed in January, the season kicked off to a very inactive start; for the first time since 2011, no tropical depressions or storms formed during the month of May, and no named storms formed during June since 2007.

Agatha formed on July 2, the latest first named storm in the eastern Pacific proper since 1969. Despite this, the season set a record for the most number of storms during the first half of July. When Georgette formed on July 21, it became the seventh named storm to form in the month of July; equaling the previous record set in 1985 and 2015 for the most active July since reliable records began. And when Frank became a hurricane (after Georgette did so), it marked a record-high 5 hurricanes in July. Finally, Howard formed on July 31, however, was not named until August 1, one named storm shy of the record. Despite that, the season tied the record set in 1985 with the most named storms in July. Activity in August was slightly less active than July. Lester and Madeline threatened the Big Island at hurricane strength. Lester passed north of the islands, Madeline brought some rain as the storm dissipated south of Hawaii. Javier and Newton followed similar paths close to the Mexican coast, with both making landfall in the Baja California Peninsula in August and early September respectively. After Newton led off September; Hurricanes Orlene, Paine and Tropical Storm Roslyn followed forming far from land. Hurricane Ulika became the first tropical cyclone on record to cross 140°W three times; it also became the first named storm in the Central Pacific basin since Pali back in January. Ulika was the first storm since Ela in 2015 to form in the Eastern Pacific, but not be named until entering the Central Pacific. After an unusually quiet October, Hurricane Seymour became the sixth major hurricane of the season, as well as the strongest. Tropical Storm Tina formed close to the coast of Mexico in mid-November. In late November, Tropical Storm Otto entered the basin from the Atlantic, becoming only the eighteenth cyclone to do so; however, it dissipated quickly due to unfavorable conditions.

Western Pacific Ocean[]

Main article: 2016 Pacific typhoon season
2016 Pacific typhoon season summary map

The 2016 season is considered to have been the fourth-latest start for a Pacific typhoon season since reliable records began. It was an average season, with a total of 26 named storms, 13 typhoons, and six super typhoons. Despite the season's late start, the 2016 season was a normal and active season with a total of 53 tropical depressions, of which 26 became tropical storms. After five months of inactivity, the first tropical depression developed on May 26, making it the fifth-latest season for a system to form. According to existing records only four other seasons started later—the 1973, 1983, 1984, and 1998 seasons. Tropical activity throughout the basin became marginally favorable for development, and two tropical depressions developed during June. On July 3, Nepartak became the first named tropical storm, making it the second-latest first named storm on record. Nepartak's naming ended a 199-day period (from December 17, 2015, to July 2, 2016) during which no named storm was active within the basin; this period tied the 199-day period from December 22, 1997, to July 8, 1998.[34] Nepartak reached Category 5 super typhoon intensity before making landfall in Taiwan and East China, causing a total of US$1.52 billion of damage. In late July, Tropical Storm Mirinae reached its peak intensity while making landfall over Red River Delta in Northern Vietnam. The storm caused a total of US$334 million of damage in Hainan and Vietnam. Later, Nida reached near typhoon strength; it affected the Philippines, South China and Vietnam, but its damage was lower than that of Mirinae. The season became more active in August, with 7 named storms. Except Dianmu, which affected South China, Indochina, all of the tropical cyclones in August affected Japan and the Russian Far East. By the end of August, three storms (Chanthu, Lionrock and Kompasu) had hit the Japanese island of Hokkaidō, the most since 1951.[35] Lionrock was a large, powerful, long-lived and erratic tropical cyclone which caused significant flooding and casualties in North Korea and Japan in late August.

In September, Typhoon Meranti became the strongest typhoon in terms of pressure since Typhoon Megi in 2010, as well as the strongest typhoon in terms of sustained winds since Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, and the second-strongest tropical cyclone worldwide in 2016, only behind Cyclone Winston, in terms of pressure. Typhoon Megi reached its peak intensity as a Category 3 typhoon while making landfall over Taiwan. Both Meranti and Megi made landfall in Fujian, China, and they caused a total of US$3.6 billion of damage. Rai became a weak tropical storm before it made landfall in Vietnam, Laos and Thailand in mid-September, causing flooding and moderate damage. Typhoon Malakas impacted Japan with a total of nearly $740 million of damage as a Category 4 typhoon. In late September and early October, Typhoon Chaba reached Category 5 super typhoon intensity and became the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in South Korea since Sanba in 2012. Chaba also caused 7 deaths in the country.[36] A tropical depression formed east of the International Date Line on October 3, and entered the basin before developing into Typhoon Songda. Songda struck the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada as a powerful extratropical cyclone.[37] Severe Tropical Storm Aere affected parts of Southeast Asia in mid-October, including the worst flooding in Vietnam since 2010, causing a total of US$209 million of damage.[38] Later, Typhoon Sarika became a powerful typhoon, and affected the Philippines, China and Vietnam, causing severe damage as well as severe flooding in southern China. After Sarika, Typhoon Haima reached Category 5 super typhoon strength before impacting the Philippines and China, causing a total of US$1.93 billion in damages. Haima was the most severe tropical cyclone to affect Hong Kong in October since 1995. In early November, a tropical depression made landfall in Southern Vietnam and caused heavy flooding throughout central and southern Vietnam, causing moderate damage. In late December, Nock-ten became the strongest Christmas tropical cyclone on record anywhere in the world since at least 1960 in terms of 1-minute sustained winds, before impacting the Philippines.[39][40]

North Indian Ocean[]

Main article: 2016 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
2016 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary map

The 2016 season was the deadliest season since 2010, killing more than 400 people. The season was an average one, seeing four named storms, with one further intensifying into a very severe cyclonic storm. The season officially started with the formation of Cyclone Roanu over in the Bay of Bengal on 17 May. The beginning of June witnessed no storms, although many low-pressure areas formed over Bay of Bengal, but none of them intensified into a depression, due to a very strong southwest monsoon. At the end of June, Depression ARB 01 formed, but weakened within two days. July witnessed no storms until a deep depression formed in August, under the influence of an upper air cyclonic circulation over Gangetic West Bengal. However, multiple low-pressure areas developed over the Bay of Bengal, with Cyclonic Storm Kyant forming in October and Cyclonic Storm Nada in November. Due to the presence of warm sea surface temperatures, Very Severe Cyclone Vardah formed in December.

South-West Indian Ocean[]

2015–16 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season summary map
2016–17 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season summary map

January–June[]

Main article: 2015–16 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season

Five named storms were formed, including one which was unnamed and another one was crossed from the Australian region. Corentin formed on January 20.[41] In February, the basin became somewhat active with Daya forming,[42] and Uriah entering the basin days later.[43] Emeraude formed in March, quickly peaking at intense tropical cyclone strength, before quickly weakening.[44] Moderate Tropical Storm 07 formed at the end of March.[45] In April, the season began to wind down. Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Fantala formed near the end of the month, and reached peak intensity as the strongest tropical cyclone recorded in the basin in terms of sustained winds. Fantala dissipated on April 24, ending the season.[46]

July–December[]

Main article: 2016–17 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season

Two systems were formed in 2016, in fact was the least active.

Australian Region[]

2015–16 Australian region cyclone season summary map
2016–17 Australian region cyclone season summary map

January–June[]

Main article: 2015–16 Australian region cyclone season

During the season only three tropical cyclones developed within the Australian region, which meant that the season was considered to be the least active season since reliable records started in 1969.[47][48] This low activity was partially attributed to the 2014–16 El Niño event, which caused systems to be displaced eastwards into the South Pacific tropical cyclone basin. A positive Indian Ocean Dipole event caused cooler-than-normal waters in tropical eastern Indian Ocean, near Indonesia, which in turn limited development near Western Australia during the first part of the season.

Stan subsequently made landfall on Western Australia and impacted various commodities including oil, natural gas, and iron ore. However, impacts were limited due to the low population of the region. The precursor tropical low to Tropical Cyclone Uriah developed over the Indian Ocean, within a monsoon trough of low pressure during 9 February. The system subsequently developed further and was named Uriah during 13 February, before it moved out of the region during the following day. Tropical Cyclone Tatiana developed into a tropical cyclone, during 11 February while it was located over the Coral Sea. Over the next few days, the system remained over water and dissipated during 15 February after it had produced some powerful, long period swells along Queensland beaches. After Tatiana dissipated four tropical lows occurred in the region before the season ended on 30 April, including the remnant tropical low of Severe Tropical Cyclone Winston.

July–December[]

Main article: 2016–17 Australian region cyclone season

Eight systems and one named storms were formed in 2016.

South Pacific Ocean[]

2015–16 South Pacific Ocean cyclone season summary map
2016–17 South Pacific Ocean cyclone season summary map

January–June[]

Main article: 2015–16 South Pacific cyclone season

The season was one of the most disastrous South Pacific tropical cyclone seasons on record, with a total of 50 deaths and $1.405 billion (2016 USD) in damage. Throughout the season, 8 systems attained tropical cyclone status, whilst 5 became severe tropical cyclones. The most notable cyclone of the season by far was Winston, which attained a minimum pressure of 884 hPa (mbar; 26.10 inHg), and maximum ten-minute sustained winds of 175 mph (280 km/h), making it the most intense tropical cyclone on record in the Southern Hemisphere. Winston went on to devastate Fiji, causing $1.4 billion (2016 USD) in damage and 44 deaths across the country.

Meanwhile, 06F developed to the north of Wallis Island, but was absorbed by Cyclone Ula. Victor ended the first slew of storms, dissipating on January 24. Following this, the basin was dormant for three weeks; however, a slew of storms began forming in February. Winston led off the month, forming on February 7. Similar to Ula, the storm attained a preliminary peak, weakened, but later rapidly re-intensified into a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone, making landfall near Suva, Fiji, at peak strength. This made Winston the strongest tropical cyclone on record to impact Fiji. Winston then moved southwest, out of the basin, on February 26, dissipating on March 1. Cyclone Tatiana briefly moved into the basin on February 12, but dissipated the next day, as it exited the basin. Cyclone Yalo and a tropical depression followed to this: Yalo dissipated on February 26, while 12F dissipated on March 1. The basin became dormant again as the season wound down. Despite this, Tropical Depression 13F formed on March 19, and dissipated three days later. The basin once again became dormant again, as the end of March neared, until another tropical depression formed in early April. One of the three depressions became Cyclone Zena, which caused more problems to the nearly decimated Fiji. Cyclone Amos formed in late April and moved over Samoa and American Samoa.

July–December[]

Main article: 2016–17 South Pacific cyclone season

After a near average but destructive tropical cyclone season during the previous year, the first tropical disturbance of the season developed to the north-northeast of Niue during November 12.[49] However, over the next few months, no named tropical cyclones developed. This was attributed to a number of factors, including a poorly organised South Pacific convergence zone and a predicted La Niña episode not developing.[49]

South Atlantic Ocean[]

Main article: South Atlantic tropical cyclone
Subtropical Storm Eçaí, the strongest subtropical or tropical cyclone of 2016.

Three systems and two named subtropical or tropical storms were formed in 2016. On 5 January 2016, the Hydrographic Center of the Brazilian Navy issued warnings on a subtropical depression that formed east of Vitória, Espírito Santo.[50] On the next day, the system strengthened into a tropical depression, and other agencies considered the system an invest, designating it as 90Q;[51][52] however, on 7 January, the tropical depression dissipated.[51][53]

A subtropical depression formed southwest of Rio de Janeiro on 15 November 2016.[54] It intensified into a subtropical storm and received the name Deni on 16 November.[55] Moving south-southeastwards, Deni soon became extratropical shortly before 00:00 UTC on 17 November.[56]

An extratropical cyclone entered the South Atlantic Ocean from Santa Catarina early on 4 December 2016.[57] Later, it intensified quickly and then transitioned into a subtropical storm shortly before 22:00 BRST (00:00 UTC on 5 December), with the name Eçaí assigned by the Hydrographic Center of the Brazilian Navy.[58] Eçaí started to decay on 5 December, and weakened into a subtropical depression at around 00:00 UTC on 6 December.[59]

Mediterranean Sea[]

See also: Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
90M on 31 October 2016

Two tropical system were formed in Mediterranean Ocean during 2016. Early on 28 October 2016, 56 km/h (35 mph) an extratropical cyclone began to develop to the south of Calabria, in the Ionian sea. The system quickly intensified, attaining wind speeds of 80 km/h (50 mph) as it slowly moved to the west, causing high waves and minor damage to cars near the Maltese city of Valletta, weakening the following day and beginning to move eastwards. However, later that day, it began to re-intensify and underwent a tropical transition. At 12:00 UTC on 30 October, the system showed 10-minute sustained winds of 104 km/h (64 mph; 56 kn). It became a tropical storm on 31 October. After passing over Crete, the storm began to quickly weaken, with the storm degenerating into an extratropical low on 1 November. Tropical Storm 90M was also nicknamed "Medicane Trixi" by some media outlets in Europe during its duration. No fatalities or rainfall statistics have been reported for this system that was over open waters for most of the time.[citation needed]

Systems[]

January[]

Cyclone Victor
Tropical cyclones formed in January 2016
Storm name Dates active Basin Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Pali January 7–15 Central Pacific 155 (100) 977 Kiribati Unknown 4 [60][61][62][63][64]
Alex January 12–15 North Atlantic 140 (85) 981 Bermuda, Azores Minimal 1 [21]
Victor January 14–22 South Pacific 150 (90) 958 Northern Cook Islands, Niue, Tonga None None
07U January 19–25 Australian Region Un­known Un­known None None None
Corentin January 20–25 Southwest Indian 110 (70) 970 None None None [41]
Stan January 27–31 Australian Region 100 (65) 980 Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria Unknown None

February[]

Cyclone Winston
Tropical cyclones formed in February 2016
Storm name Dates active Basin(s) Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Winston February 7- March 3 South Pacific 280 (175) 884 Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, Niue $1.4 billion 44 [1][65]
Daya February 8–12 Southwest Indian 75 (45) 992 Madagascar, Réunion, Mauritius Unknown None [42]
Uriah February 9–19 Australian Region
Southwest Indian 		205 (125) 925 Cocos (Keeling) Islands Minor None [43]
Tatiana February 9–14 Australian Region
South Pacific 		95 (60) 982 Queensland None None
11U February 14–16 Australian Region Un­known Un­known None None None
Yalo February 24–26 South Pacific 75 (45) 993 Cook Islands, French Polynesia None None
12F February 29–March 1 South Pacific Un­known 1000 French Polynesia None None

March[]

Cyclone Emeraude
Tropical cyclones formed in March 2016
Storm name Dates active Basin Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
March 1–6 Australian Region 65 (40) 1000 None None None
March 14–16 Australian Region 55 (35) 998 Northern Territory, Queensland None None
Emeraude March 15–21 Southwest Indian 205 (125) 940 None None None [44]
13F March 19–22 South Pacific Un­known 998 New Caledonia, Vanuatu None None
07 March 28–30 Southwest Indian 85 (50) 992 None None None [45]

April[]

Cyclone Fantala
Tropical cyclones formed in April 2016
Storm name Dates active Basin Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
14F April 1–5 South Pacific Un­known 1002 Vanuatu None None
15F April 2–6 South Pacific Un­known 998 Fiji None None
Zena April 5–7 South Pacific 130 (80) 975 Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga Minimal 2 [66]
Fantala April 11–23 Southwest Indian 250 (155) 910 Agaléga, Seychelles, Madagascar, Tanzania $4.5 million 13 [67]
Amos April 20–24 South Pacific 150 (90) 965 Fiji, Wallis and Futuna, Samoan Islands Minimal None
18F April 20–27 South Pacific Un­known 1002 French Polynesia None None

May[]

Cyclone Roanu
Tropical cyclones formed in May 2016
Storm name Dates active Basin Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Roanu May 17–22 North Indian 85 (50) 983 Sri Lanka, East coast of India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Yunnan $2.03 billion 135 [68][69][70]
01W May 25–27 West Pacific Un­known 1000 South China $8.7 million None
Bonnie May 27–June 4 North Atlantic 75 (45) 1006 The Bahamas, Southeastern United States $640,000 2 [71][72][73][22]

June[]

Tropical Storm Colin
Tropical cyclones formed in June 2016
Storm name Dates active Basin Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Colin June 5–7 North Atlantic 85 (50) 1001 Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, Florida, East Coast of the United States $1.04 million 6 [74][23]
One-E June 6–8 West Pacific 55 (35) 1006 Southwestern Mexico Minor None [75]
Danielle June 19–21 North Atlantic 75 (45) 1007 Yucatán Peninsula, Eastern Mexico Minimal 1 [76][77]
TD June 22–23 West Pacific 55 (35) 1006 Vietnam Nine None
Ambo June 25–28 West Pacific 55 (35) 1004 Philippines, South China None None
ARB 01 June 27–29 North Indian 45 (30) 996 Oman, Gujarat None None

July[]

Typhoon Nepartak
Tropical cyclones formed in July 2016
Storm name Dates active Basin(s) Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Nepartak (Butchoy) July 2–10 West Pacific 205 (125) 900 Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, East China $1.89 billion 111 [78]
Agatha July 2–5 East Pacific 85 (50) 1002 None None None [79]
Blas July 2–10 East Pacific 220 (140) 947 Hawaii None None [80][81][82]
Celia July 6–16 East Pacific 155 (100) 972 Hawaii None 2 [83]
LAND 01 July 6–7 North Indian 45 (30) 996 East India Unknown None
Darby July 11–26 East Pacific 195 (120) 958 Hawaii Minimal None [84]
Estelle July 15–22 East Pacific 110 (70) 990 None None None [85]
03W July 15–20 West Pacific Un­known 1006 Ryukyu Islands None None
Abela July 15–20 Southwest Indian 95 (60) 987 Madagascar None None
Frank July 21–28 East Pacific 140 (85) 979 Baja California Peninsula, Nayarit None None [86][87][88]
Georgette July 21–27 East Pacific 215 (130) 952 Hawaii None None [89]
Lupit July 22–24 West Pacific 75 (45) 1000 None None None
Mirinae July 25–28 West Pacific 100 (65) 980 South China, Indochina $346 million 7 [90][91]
Nida (Carina) July 29–August 3 West Pacific 110 (70) 975 Philippines, Taiwan, South China, Vietnam $316 million 6 [90][92]
Howard July 31–August 3 East Pacific 95 (60) 998 Hawaii None None [93]

August[]

Typhoon Lionrock
Tropical cyclones formed in August 2016
Storm name Dates active Basin Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Earl August 2–6 North Atlantic 140 (85) 979 Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Central America, Mexico $250 million 94 [25]
Ivette August 2–8 East Pacific 95 (60) 1000 Hawaii None None [94]
Omais August 2–9 West Pacific 110 (70) 975 Guam, Japan None None
TD August 6–9 West Pacific Un­known 998 Ryukyu Islands, East China None None
Javier August 7–9 East Pacific 100 (65) 997 Mexico Minimal None
Conson August 7–15 West Pacific 85 (50) 985 Japan None None
LAND 02 August 9–12 North Indian 55 (35) 994 Bangladesh, India Minimal 2
TD August 10–13 West Pacific Un­known 996 Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, East China None None
TD August 10–12 West Pacific Un­known 1010 Midway Atoll None None
Chanthu August 12–17 West Pacific 100 (65) 980 Japan $94.7 million None
TD August 12–13 West Pacific Un­known 1002 Taiwan None None
Dianmu August 15–20 West Pacific 85 (50) 980 China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India $481.1 million 22
TD August 15–16 West Pacific Un­known 996 South China, Vietnam None None
Fiona August 16–23 North Atlantic 85 (50) 1004 Bermuda None None [95]
BOB 02 August 16–20 North Indian 55 (35) 994 Bangladesh, India Minimal 6
Mindulle August 17–23 West Pacific 120 (75) 975 Mariana Islands, Japan $448.3 million 3
Lionrock (Dindo) August 17–30 West Pacific 220 (140) 940 Japan, Russian Far East, North Korea $3.84 billion 550
Kay August 18–23 East Pacific 85 (50) 1000 Mexico None None
Kompasu August 18–21 West Pacific 65 (40) 994 Guam, Japan Minimal 1
Gaston August 22–September 2 North Atlantic 195 (120) 955 Flores Island None None [26]
TD August 23–24 West Pacific Un­known 1000 Philippines None None
14W August 23–24 West Pacific 55 (35) 1002 Guam None None
TD August 24 West Pacific Un­known 1000 None None None
Lester August 25–September 7 East Pacific 230 (145) 944 Hawaii Minimal None
Madeline August 26–September 2 East Pacific 215 (130) 950 Hawaii Minimal None
TD August 27 West Pacific Un­known 1004 None None None
Eight August 28–September 1 North Atlantic 55 (35) 1010 Cape Hatteras Minimal None [96]
Hermine August 28–September 8 North Atlantic 130 (80) 981 Dominican Republic, Cuba, The Bahamas, Florida, East coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada $550 million 4 (1)
TD August 30–31 West Pacific Un­known 1004 None None None
Namtheun (Enteng) August 31–September 5 West Pacific 130 (80) 955 Taiwan, Japan Minimal None

September[]

Typhoon Meranti
Tropical cyclones formed in September 2016
Storm name Dates active Basin Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Newton September 4–7 East Pacific 150 (90) 977 Baja California Peninsula, Northwestern Mexico, Southwestern United States $95.8 million 9
Malou September 5–7 West Pacific 75 (45) 1000 Japan Minimal None
TD September 7–8 West Pacific Un­known 998 Japan None None
Meranti (Ferdie) September 8–16 West Pacific 220 (140) 890 Philippines, Taiwan, Mainland China, South Korea $4.79 billion 47
TD September 9–10 West Pacific Un­known 1008 None None None
TD September 10 West Pacific Un­known 1008 Taiwan None None
17W September 10–12 West Pacific 65 (40) 1008 None None None
Orlene September 11–17 East Pacific 175 (110) 967 None None None
Rai September 11–13 West Pacific 55 (35) 996 Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia $37 million 12
Malakas (Gener) September 11–20 West Pacific 175 (110) 930 Mariana Islands, Taiwan, Japan $300 million 1
Ian September 12–16 North Atlantic 95 (60) 994 None None None [97]
Julia September 13–18 North Atlantic 85 (50) 1007 The Bahamas, Southeastern United States $6.13 million None [98]
Karl September 14–25 North Atlantic 110 (70) 988 Bermuda Minimal None [99]
Paine September 18–20 East Pacific 150 (90) 979 Baja California Peninsula None None
Lisa September 19–25 North Atlantic 85 (50) 999 None None None [100]
Megi (Helen) September 22–29 West Pacific 155 (100) 945 Caroline Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, China $1.56 billion 52
01U September 23–29 Australian Region Un­known Un­known None None None
Chaba (Igme) September 24–October 5 West Pacific 215 (130) 905 Mariana Islands, South Korea, Japan, Russian Far East $2.61 billion 10
Roslyn September 25–29 East Pacific 85 (50) 999 None None None
Ulika September 26–30 Central Pacific 120 (75) 992 None None None
Matthew September 28–October 9 North Atlantic 270 (165) 934 Windward Islands, Leeward Antilles, Venezuela, Colombia, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, Southeastern United States, Atlantic Canada $15.09 billion 603 [29]

October[]

Typhoon Haima
Tropical cyclones formed in October 2016
Storm name Dates active Basin Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Bransby October 2–6 Southwest Indian 100 (65) 987 None None None
Songda October 4–13 West Pacific 185 (115) 925 Pacific Northwest Unknown None
Aere (Julian) October 4–14 West Pacific 110 (70) 975 Philippines, Taiwan, South China, Indochina $112 million 35
Nicole October 4–18 North Atlantic 220 (140) 950 Bermuda $15 million 1 [30]
02U October 12–18 Australian Region Un­known 1004 None None None
Sarika (Karen) October 13–19 West Pacific 175 (110) 935 Philippines, South China, Vietnam $866 million 37
Haima (Lawin) October 14–21 West Pacific 215 (130) 900 Caroline Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, China, Japan $972 million 19
TD October 15 West Pacific Un­known 1008 None None None
Kyant October 21–28 North Indian 75 (45) 996 Andaman Islands, Myanmar, South India None None
Seymour October 23–28 East Pacific 240 (150) 940 Baja California None None
Trixi October 28–31 Mediterranean 105 (65) Un­known Calabria, Malta, Greece None None
Meari October 30–November 7 West Pacific 140 (80) 960 Mariana Islands None None
TD October 31 West Pacific Un­known 1008 Mariana Islands None None

November[]

Hurricane Otto
Tropical cyclones formed in November 2016
Storm name Dates active Basin Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
TD November 1–5 West Pacific 55 (35) 998 None None None
TD November 2–6 West Pacific 55 (35) 1004 Borneo, Indochina $48.1 million 15
BOB 04 November 2–6 North Indian 45 (30) 1000 Malaysia, Thailand, West Bengal, Bangladesh Unknown 80
Ma-on November 8–13 West Pacific 65 (40) 1002 None None None
28W November 9–12 West Pacific Un­known 1008 Marshall Islands None None
03U November 9–15 Australian Region Un­known 1005 None None None
01F November 12–13 South Pacific Un­known 1008 None None None
Tina November 13–14 East Pacific 65 (40) 1004 Western Mexico None None
Deni November 15–16 South Atlantic 75 (45) 998 Brazil None None
Otto November 20–26 North Atlantic, East Pacific 185 (115) 975 Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Columbia ≥ $192.2 million 23 [101]
Tokage (Marce) November 24–28 West Pacific 95 (60) 992 Philippines, Vietnam $30 thousand 1
02F November 23–27 South Pacific Un­known 1006 None None None
03F November 27–30 Australian Region, South Pacific Un­known 1000 Solomon Islands None None
Nada November 29–December 2 North Indian 75 (45) 1000 Sri Lanka, South India Unknown 12

December[]

Typhoon Nock-ten
Tropical cyclones formed in December 2016
Storm name Dates active Basin Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
04U December 4–6 Australian Region Un­known Un­known None None None
Eçaí December 4–6 South Atlantic 100 (65) 992 Brazil None None
Vardah/ARB 02 December 6–18 North Indian 130 (80) 975 Sumatra, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), Somalia $3.37 billion 47
05U December 9–17 Australian Region Un­known Un­known None None None
TD December 10–13 West Pacific 55 (35) 1004 Vietnam $53.4 million 30
04F December 12–23 South Pacific 45 (30) 998 Fiji $4.7 million None
06U December 18–23 Australian Region 55 (35) 994 Western Australia None None
Yvette December 19–25 Australian Region 85 (50) 987 Western Australia None None
Nock-ten (Nina) December 20–28 West Pacific 195 (120) 915 Caroline Islands, Philippines, Vietnam $123 million 13
05F December 21–26 South Pacific Un­known 1005 None None None
TD December 27 West Pacific Un­known 1004 None None None

Global effects[]

Season name Areas affected Systems formed Named storms Damage (USD) Deaths Ref
2016 Atlantic hurricane season The Bahamas, Bermuda, Azores, southern Greenland, Southeastern United States, Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, East Coast of the United States, Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Central America, Mexico, North Carolina, Atlantic Canada, Cape Verde, Antilles, Venezuela, Columbia, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua 16 15 ≥ $17.485 billion 736
2016 Pacific hurricane season Southwestern Mexico, Hawaii, Baja California Peninsula, Nayarit, Western Mexico, Northwestern Mexico, Southwestern United States 22 21 $95.8 million 15
2016 Pacific typhoon season South China, Vietnam, Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, East China, Indochina, Mariana Islands, Japan, Russia, Midway Atoll, Russian Far East, Bangladesh, India, Northeast China, North Korea, South Korea, China, Caroline Islands, Pacific Northwest, Borneo, Marshall Islands, 51 26 $16.96 billion 942
2016 North Indian Ocean cyclone season Sri Lanka, East India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Yunnan, Oman, Gujarat, Andaman Islands, South India, Malaysia, Thailand, West Bengal, Sumatra, Nicobar Islands, Chennai, Somalia 9 4 $5.51 billion 401
2015–16 Australian region cyclone season1 Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Cocos Islands 8 3 Minor None
2016–17 Australian region cyclone season2 Solomon Islands, Western Australia 8 1 None None
2015–16 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season1 Madagascar, Réunion, Mauritius, Agaléga, Seychelles, Tanzania 5 5 $4.5 million 13
2016–17 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season2 Madagascar 2 1 None None
2015–16 South Pacific cyclone season1 Cook Islands, Niue, Tonga, Vanuatu, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, Wallis and Futuna, Samoan Islands 10 5 $1.4 billion 46
2016–17 South Pacific cyclone season2 Fiji 5 0 $4.7 million None
Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Italy, Tunisia, Greece, Turkey 1 1 Unknown None
South Atlantic tropical cyclone Brazil 3 2 $0 None
Worldwide (See above) 140 84 $41.46 billion 2,153

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ The "strength" of a tropical cyclone is measured by the minimum barometric pressure, not wind speed. Most meteorological organizations rate the intensity of a storm by this figure, so the lower the minimum pressure of the storm, the more intense or "stronger" it is considered to be. The strongest winds were actually from Meranti, at 195 mph (315 km/h).

1 Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 2016 are counted in the seasonal totals.
2 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 2016 are counted in the seasonal totals.
3 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir–Simpson scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
5The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on Météo-France which uses gust winds.

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External links[]

Tropical cyclone year articles (2010–2019)
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