Bayt Jiz

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Bayt Jiz
بيت جيز
Beit Jiz
Village
The old school of Bayt Jiz
The old school of Bayt Jiz
Etymology: The ruin of the house of the valley side[1]
Historical map series for the area of Bayt Jiz (1870s).jpg
Historical map series for the area of Bayt Jiz (1940s).jpg
Historical map series for the area of Bayt Jiz (modern).jpg
Historical map series for the area of Bayt Jiz (1940s with modern overlay).jpg
A series of historical maps of the area around Bayt Jiz (click the buttons)
Bayt Jiz is located in Mandatory Palestine
Bayt Jiz
Bayt Jiz
Location within Mandatory Palestine
Coordinates: 31°48′46″N 34°57′15″E / 31.81278°N 34.95417°E / 31.81278; 34.95417Coordinates: 31°48′46″N 34°57′15″E / 31.81278°N 34.95417°E / 31.81278; 34.95417
Palestine grid145/135
Geopolitical entityMandatory Palestine
SubdistrictRamle
Date of depopulation20 April 1948[4]
Area
[3]
 • Total8,357 dunams (8.357 km2 or 3.227 sq mi)
Population
 (1945)
 • Total550[2][3]
Cause(s) of depopulationMilitary assault by Yishuv forces
Current LocalitiesHar'el,[5][6] Tzelafon,[6] Gizo[6]

Bayt Jiz (Arabic: بيت جيز) was a Palestinian Arab village situated on undulating land in the western foothills of the Jerusalem heights, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) southwest of Ramla. In 1945, it had a population of 550. It was occupied by Israeli forces in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and became depopulated.[7]

History[]

Nearby Khirbet Bayt Jiz has been claimed as the site of the Biblical Gizo and has been linked to the Crusader settlement of Gith, although the latter association was dubbed as doubtful by some historians.[8]

Since 1136, the village belonged to the canons of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.[9] By 1171, Gith was one of five villages within the Lydda diocese, in which the canons were permitted by the village bishop to have or build a church and control half the village's tithes.[10]

Bayt Jiz is not recorded in early Arabic sources.[8] According to local legend, the maqam ("sacred Muslim tomb") was built in 1334 to house the sarcophagus of Shaykh Zayd, a local sage. A stone with Arabic inscriptions was found near the maqam, attributing the building of the structure to a Mamluk commander named Sayf ad-Din Aqul. It is the only evidence of early Islamic activity in the village thus far.[11]

Ottoman era[]

In 1838, it was noted as a place "in ruins or deserted."[12]

In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described the place, called Khurbet Beit Jiz, as having "traces of ruins and a sacred Mukam. To the south are caves. There are foundations and cisterns among the ruins. On the south-west, in Wady el Kharjeh, are a number of pits containing a perennial supply of good water."[13]

The modern village of Bayt Jiz was founded in the early 20th century.[8]

British Mandate era[]

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bait Jiz had a population of 203 inhabitants, all Muslims,[14] increasing in the 1931 census to 371, still all Muslims, in a total of 67 houses.[15]

It had a rectangular plan, narrow streets, and houses constructed of adobe and stone. The village center included a mosque, some shops, and a school built in 1947, shared with nearby Bayt Susin. Bayt Jiz's economy was based on agriculture, with the main crops being grains, figs, vegetables, almonds, and olives. A part of the surrounding land was grassland, enabling the villagers to raise sheep and goats.[7]

In the 1945 statistics the population was 550, all Muslims,[2] while the total land area was 8,357 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[3] Of this, a total of 6,529 dunums of village land was used for cereals, 36 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards,[16] while 29 dunams were classified as built-up public areas.[17]

Bayt Jiz 1942 1:20,000
Bayt Jiz 1945 1:250,000

1948 war and aftermath[]

According to Israeli historian Benny Morris, on 11 January 1948, Kfar Uriah was attacked by Arabs who came through neighboring Beit Jiz and Khirbet Beit Far.[18] According to Morris, the residents of Bayt Jiz fled their village following an Israeli military assault against it on 20 April 1948. Nevertheless, Palestinian historian Aref al-Aref points out that the village had not been evacuated for the first assault of the Battle of Latrun that took place on May 22. He points out that the Israeli attack partly failed because the Israeli forces had received mistaken reports that the village had been evacuated. Consequently, they were surprised to encounter fierce resistance from the local militia as well as from Jordanian regulars in the Latrun sector who sent troops to the village.[6][19]

Bayt Jiz was occupied by the 7th Armored Brigade of the Haganah in the interval between the first and second assaults on Latrun in late May 1948.[20] A correspondent for The New York Times reported that the unsuccessful Israeli assault on Latrun spread to Bayt Jiz on May 25. He noted the battle around the village was the "biggest, single clash of the war to date". An Israeli army official announced the capture of Bayt Jiz on May 27,[21] but al-Aref puts it at May 30.[6]

  • View of village before occupation, 1948

  • Building in Bayt Jiz used as a temporary HQ by the Harel Brigade, 1948

  • Bayt Jiz July 1948. Building used by the Harel Brigade as headquarters.

  • Members of Harel Brigade in Bayt Jiz, December 1948

  • Bayt Jiz after capture by Harel Brigade, 1948. Original caption says: "Houses are full of fleas."

  • View of Bayt Jiz July 1948

A few days after, the Burma Road that crossed the village of Bayt Jiz was built by Israeli to counter the Latrun sector and to supply Jerusalem.[20]

House from Bayt Jiz, presently in Harel, Israel

Three Jewish settlements were built on village lands, including Har'el in 1948, Tzelafon in 1950, and Gizo in 1986. Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi described the remains of Bayt Jiz in 1992:

"The school is the only remaining landmark and is used as a recreation facility, although a fire observation tower has been added to it. A number of houses remain. Some are used for storage, others are deserted. One of the storage houses is a large, stone structure, with a flat roof and a three paneled, lancet-arched side window. Three of the deserted houses are two-story structures"

Petersen, inspecting the place in 1996, found that the most distinctive extant building was the Maqam of Shayk Zaid.[22] It was a tall, square building, covered with a domical vault. On the north wall there is a low doorway on the eastern side. Directly opposite the entrance (on the southern wall), is a shallow (0.35 m deep) mihrab. There is a small window (0.4m wide) in the middle of the east wall, while the west wall has collapsed.[23][24]

Demographics[]

The inhabitants of Bayt Jiz were entirely Muslim,[7] and in a 1922 survey, they amounted to 203.[14] In the 1931 British Mandate census there were 370 inhabitants[15] and by 1945, Sami Hadawi recorded a population of 550.[2][3] The projected population in 1948 was 638. According to Salman Abu Sitta, Palestinian refugees from Bayt Jiz and their descendants numbered 3,918 in 1998.[25]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 301
  2. ^ a b c Village Statistics, Government of Palestine. 1945, p. 29
  3. ^ a b c d Village Statistics, Government of Palestine. 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 66
  4. ^ According to Morris, 2004, p. xx, village #328 Also gives the cause for depopulation
  5. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi: settlement #33, October 1948.
  6. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 365
  7. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 364
  8. ^ a b c Sharon, 1999, p. 145.
  9. ^ Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 41, No 165; cited in Pringle, 1993, p. 101
  10. ^ Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 129, No 490; cited in Pringle, 1993, p. 101
  11. ^ Sharon, 1999, p. 146
  12. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 120
  13. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 108
  14. ^ a b Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramleh, p. 21
  15. ^ a b Mills, 1932, p. 18.
  16. ^ Village Statistics, Government of Palestine. 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 114
  17. ^ Village Statistics, Government of Palestine. 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 164
  18. ^ Morris, 2008, p. 102
  19. ^ Abu Nawar, 2002, p.138.
  20. ^ a b Benny Morris, 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War, Yale University Press, 2008.
  21. ^ MaJ. General IDF (Ret), Shlomo Shamir, "…no matter what" – To Jerusalem, p. 278
  22. ^ Noted by Palmer, 1881, p 329. Cited in Petersen, 2001
  23. ^ Petersen, 2001, p. 123
  24. ^ Picture of Maqam
  25. ^ Welcome to Bayt Jiz Palestine Remembered.

Bibliography[]

External links[]

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