List of Hanfu

A list of Hanfu, the historical clothing of the Han Chinese, in category of different clothing style. This page also addresses provides a list of garments.

Informal wear[]

Two traditional forms of ruqun (襦裙), a type of Han Chinese clothing worn primarily by women. Cuffs and sleeves on the upper garment may be tighter or looser depending on style. A short skirt or weighted braid (with weight provided by a jade or gold pendant) is sometimes worn to improve aesthetics or comfort of the basic ruqun.

Types include tops and bottoms, long skirt, and one-piece robes that wrap around the body once or several times (shenyi).

Zhongyi (中衣), which is usually the inner garment much like a Western T-shirt and pants, can be wear along in casual.

The typical set of informal wear consists of two or three layers. The first layer is mostly zhongyi (中衣). The next layer is the main layer which is mostly closed at the front. There can be an optional third layer which is often an overcoat called a zhaoshan which is open at the front.

For footwear, white socks and black cloth shoes (with white soles) are the norm. But in the past, shoes may have a front face panel attached to the tip of the shoes.

List of Inner garments

Romanization	Hanzi	Definition	Description	Period	Images
Zhongyi	中衣
Baofu	抱腹			Han[1]
Dudou	肚兜, 兜肚, or 兜兜			Qing
Hehuan Jin	合欢襟			Yuan dynasty[2]
Liangdang	两当	It is an underwear which is made up of a square-shaped back and front panels.[1]	A form of hufu. It was introduced in the Central Plains by the nomads of China.[2]	Wei and Jin[1]
Moxiong	抹胸			Song[1]
Xieyi	亵衣			Pre-Han[1]
Xinyi	心衣			Han[1]
Zhuyao	主腰			Ming[1]

List of informal wear

Romanization	Hanzi	Definition	Description	Period	Images
Zhiju	直裾		Straight lapelled, full body garment.	Pre-Qin - Han
Quju	曲裾		Diagonal body wrapped, full body garment.	Pre-Qin - Han
Kuzhe	裤褶	Clothing with trousers for riding or military style clothing.[3][4]	A short coat with trousers.	Pre-Qin - Ming.
Paofu
Yesa/ Yisan or Yisa	曳撒 or 一撒		A form of kuzhe.[3][4]	Ming; Modern
Zhisunfu or yisefu	质孙服 or 一色服	"robe of one colour"	Introduced in Yuan; later became a uniform for the military officials Ming.	Yuan - Ming
Ruqun	襦裙	"Jacket and skirt"	An upper garment covered by a separate skirt. A common clothing for women.	Pre-Qin - Ming; Modern
Aoqun/ Shanqun	袄裙/ 衫裙		A short coat with a long skirt underneath. A common clothing for women.	Han - Ming; Modern
Zhiduo	直裰	Straight robe.	Similar to zhiju but with vents at sides and cuffed sleeves. A common attire for men.[5][6]	Tang - Ming
				Modern
Daopao	道袍	Taoist robe.	Worn by Taoist priests and normal scholars.	Song - Ming; Modern
Shuitianyi				Ming-Qing
Baijiayi				Liu Song - Modern

Semi-formal wear[]

Generally, this form of wear is suitable for meeting guests or going to meetings and other special cultural days. This form of dress is often worn by the nobility or the upper-class as they are often expensive pieces of clothing, usually made of silks and damasks. The coat sleeves are often deeper than the shenyi to create a more voluminous appearance.

A piece of ancient Chinese clothing can be "made semi-formal" by the addition of the following appropriate items:

• Chang (裳): a pleated skirt
• Bixi (蔽膝): a cloth attached from the waist, covering front of legs.
• Zhaoshan (罩衫): long open fronted coat

List of semi-formal wear

Romanization	Hanzi	Definition	Period	Images
Banbi	半臂	A half-sleeved waistcoat.	Tang - Ming
Bijia	比甲	An open-sided vest.	Ming
Beizi or Pifeng	褙子or 披风	Large loose outer coat with loose and long sleeves	Song - Ming

Formal wear[]

In addition to informal and semi-formal wear, there is a form of dress that is worn only at confucian rituals, important sacrifices, religious activities or by special people who are entitled to wear them (such as officials and emperors).

The most formal dress civilians can wear is the xuanduan (sometimes called yuanduan 元端),^[7][8] which consists of a black or dark blue top garment that runs to the knees with long sleeve (often with white piping), a bottom red chang, a red bixi (which can have a motif and/or be edged in black), an optional white belt with two white streamers hanging from the side or slightly to the front called peishou (佩綬), and a long black guan. Additionally, wearers may carry a long jade gui (圭) or wooden hu (笏) tablet (used when greeting royalty). This form of dress is mostly used in sacrificial ceremonies such as Ji Tian (祭天) and Ji Zu (祭祖), etc., but is also appropriate for state occasions. The xuanduan is basically a simplified version of full court dress of the officials and the nobility.

List of formal wear

Romanization	Hanzi	Definition	Period	Images
Xuanduan/ Yuanduan	玄端/ 元端	Literally "dark solemn", a very formal dark robe.[7][9]	Pre-Qin - Song
Shenyi	深衣	A long full body garment.	Song - Ming
Yuanlingshan/ Panlingpao	圓領衫/盤領袍	Closed round-collared robe. Mostly used for official occation.	Sui - Ming
Lanshan	襴衫	Closed round-collared robe with black edges. Mostly used for academical dress; worn by scholars and students (生員) taking the imperial examination.	Tang - Ming
Daxiushan	大袖衫	Large Sleeve Gown. Worn by royal women.	Five dynasties - Tang
Chang'ao	長襖	A long overcoat	Ming
Zaju chuishao fu or Guiyi	杂裾垂髾服 or 袿衣	A formal dress worn by Elite women.	Cao Wei to Northern and Southern dynasties

Court dress[]

Government officials in Changfu during the Wanli era, Ming dynasty

Court dress is the dress worn at very formal occasions and ceremonies that are in the presence of a monarch (such as an enthronement ceremony). The entire ensemble of clothing can consist of many complex layers and look very elaborate. Court dress is similar to the xuanduan in components but have additional adornments and elaborate headwear. They are often brightly colored with vermillion and blue. There are various versions of court dress that are worn for certain occasions. The practical use of court dress is now obsolete in the modern age since there is no reigning monarch in China anymore.

Those in academia or officialdom have distinctive gowns (known as changfu 常服 in court dress terms). This varies over the ages but they are typically round collared gowns closed at the front. The most distinct feature is the headwear which has 'wings' attached. Only those who passed the civil examinations are entitled to wear them, but a variation of it can be worn by ordinary scholars and laymen and even for a groom at a wedding (but with no hat).

Court dress of emperors[]

Court dress of Emperors

Romanization		Hanzi	Definition	Period	Images
Longpao(龙袍)	Jifu	吉服	The dragon robe for special occations.	Shang – Ming
	Changfu	常服	The dragon robe for daily wear.	Tang – Qing
Mianfu		冕服	Attire worn by emperors and crown princes.	Shang – Ming
Tongtianguanfu		通天冠服	Tongtian, literally means "direct links with heaven".[10] Ceremonial dress.	Shang – Ming
Bianfu		弁服	Occasional court dress. Also worn by officials or the nobility.	Shang – Ming

Court dress of officials[]

Court dress of Officials: “官服”

Romanization	Hanzi	Definition	Period	Images
Chaofu	朝服	A red ceremonial court dress of emperor, officials or nobility.	Zhou – Ming
Gongfu	公服	Formal court dress according to ranks.[11]	Tang - Ming
Changfu	常服	Everyday court dress.	Song – Qing
Bufu	补服	Changfu sewn with Mandarin square.	Ming – Qing
Zhongjingfu	忠静服	Retired official's bufu with same colour long cloth belt.[12]	Ming
Cifu	賜服	Ceremonial court dress of the highest rank officials. The right to wear such dress was bestowed by emperors as a special honour.	Ming – Qing
Mangfu	蟒服	Also known as the "four-clawed dragon" robe or "python robe". It is a type of Cifu.
Feiyufu	飞鱼服	Also known as "flying fish" robe. It is a type of Cifu.
Douniufu	斗牛服	Also known as "fighting bull" robe. It is a type of Cifu.

Court dress for women[]

Court dress of Woman

Romanization	Hanzi	Definition	Period	Images
Huidi-yi	褘翟衣	Attire worn by empresses and crown princesses.	Zhou – Ming
Dashanxiapei	大衫霞帔	The large gown with the radiance hanging scarf. Ceremonial court dress of empresses and mìngfu.	Song- Ming
Changfu	常服	Everyday court dress of mìngfu.	Ming
Bufu	补服	Changfu sewn with Mandarin square. Ceremonial court dress of mìngfu.	Ming

Women's skirts[]

Types of Women's skirts

Romanization	Hanzi	Definition	Description	Period	Images
Chang/ Shang	裳		A narrow, ankle-length skirt.[13]	Shang - Zhou
Liuxianqun	留仙裙	"Fairy skirt".[14]		Han
Jianqun or Jiansequn	间裙 or 间色裙	Stripped skirts.[15]	It was a high waisted skirts which integrated both the techniques of the Han dynasty and foreign techniques from the Western Region.[16] In the Sixteen kingdoms, the skirt had panels of different colours; which could vary to: 6, 8, 12 regions.[16] From the Northern dynasty to the Tang dynasty, the skirt had denser multiple stripes.[16] In Tang, the stripped skirt was A-line.[17]	Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern dynasties - Tang dynasty
Bainiaoqun	百鸟裙	"Hundred bird-feather skirt".[18]	A feather skirt worn by a princess in Mid-Tang; the skirt was made with the feathers from a hundred birds.[19]	Tang
Shiliuqun	石榴裙	"Pomegranate skirt"	A red skirt which was very popular.[19]	Tang
Yujinqun	郁金裙	"Turmeric skirt"	A yellow skirt which was dyed with turmeric.[19]	Tang
Liangpianqun	两片裙		An unpleated skirt which is composed of two pieces of fabric sewn to the same waistband. The middle part of the skirt overlap and are not sewn together.[20]	Song
Baidiequn	百迭裙		A one-piece pleated skirt; the top is narrow and the bottom is wide.[20]	Song
Sanjianqun	三裥裙		A skirt made of 4 skirts pieces sewn together.[20]	Song
Zhejianqun	褶裥裙	"Folded skirt"		Song
Mamianqun	马面裙	"Horse-face skirt".[21]	A skirt made of two-pieces of fabric sewn to the same waistband. The sides of the skirt has knife pleats whereas the back and front have flat panels.[22]	Ming-Qing
Baijianqun	百襇裙	"Hundred pleated skirt".[21]		Qing
Yuehuaqun	月華裙	"Moonlight skirt".[21]	Made of ten pieces of fabric which was then tucked in 10 pleats; each pleats had a different colour which was light. It was a popular skirt in the early Qing dynasty.[19]	Qing
Yulinqun	鱼鳞裙	Lit. "fish-scale" skirt.	A skirt where pleats were joined with silk threads in order to makes creases which look like the scales of a fish.[19] The pleats were very tiny.[21]	Qing
		"Rainbow skirt".[23]		Qing
Langanqun	襕干裙	"Chinese ink painting skirt".	A skirt where scattered flowers pattern were printed.[19]	Qing
Fengweiqun	凤尾裙	Lit. "Phoenix-tail skirt".	An underskirt which is decorated with long ribbons of different colours of silk, the ribbons were narrow. Different embroidery is found on in each ribbon strips. It was popular during the reign of Kangxi and Qianlong.[19]	Qing
Baizhequn	百摺裙		An all-around small pleated skirt.[24]	Qing - Republic

Religious clothing[]

Those in the religious orders wear a plain middle layer garment followed by a highly decorated cloak or coat. Taoists have a 'scarlet gown' (絳袍) which is made of a large square-shaped cloak sewn at the hem to create very long deep sleeves used in very formal rituals.^[25] They are often scarlet or crimson in colour with wide edging and embroidered with intricate symbols and motifs such as the eight trigrams and the yin and yang Taiji symbol.

Buddhist have a cloak with gold lines on a scarlet background creating a brickwork pattern which is wrapped around over the left shoulder and secured at the right side of the body with cords. There may be further decorations, especially for high priests.^[26]

Daoists, Buddhists and Confucians may have white stripe chevrons.

Types of Religious Clothing

Name		Hanzi	Definition	Description	Period	Images
Fusha or Haiqing		彿裟 or 海青	"sea-blue".[27]	Buddhist priests' full dress ceremonial robes. It is also worn by Zhenyi priests in Taiwan; it is blue in colour.[27]
Fayi (法衣); "ritual clothing"[28]	Jiangyi or Jiangpao	絳衣 or 絳袍	"Robe of descent",[29] or "scarlet robe".[25][30]	A square-shaped poncho-like upper outer garment; the square symbolizes the earth which is perceived as square in Chinese cosmology.[31][30][32] It has motifs such as the sun, moon, Three heavens, stars and constellations, Sacred (golden) tower and flying cranes, Wu yue, Mountain peaks and cosmic waters.[31]It is worn by high ranking taoist priests, e.g. Grandmasters.[31] It is a formal outfit worn during Taoist ceremonies.[33]	Ming- Present
	Huayi	花衣	"Flowery robe"	It is a ritual robe, worn under the jiangyi.[32] It is well decorated with motif, such as dragons, clouds, mountains, cranes and the seven stars Dipper.[28] It is worn by seniors and high ranking taoist priests.[28]	Unknown- Present
	Banyi	班衣	"Colourful robe"	It is a ritual robe; it can have embroidered borders but the clothing is typically monochrome, mostly red in colour. It is worn for during daily recitations of scriptures in a worship hall before divinities.[28]	Unknown - Present
Daopao		道袍	"Taoist robe" or "Robe of the Dao"	It is worn by middle-rank Taoist priests.[34] It is red in colour and is covered with decorations, such as bagua and cranes.[27]	Unknown - Present
Daoyi		道衣		A wide-sleeved, cross-collared gown worn by Taoist priests and nuns; it is a standard type of clothing.[35]	Unknown- Present
De luo		得罗		An indigo formal ritual clothing, worn by Taoism priests in the Quanzhen order; the blue colour is a symbolism for the East.[27] It is cross-collared.[32]	Unknown - Present
Da gua		大褂	"Great gown"[27]	It is a common type of informal, daily clothing worn by Taoists; in present days, it is mostly narrow-sleeved and blue in colour.[32]	Unknown - Present
Jieyi		戒衣	"Precept robes"[28] or "ordination robes"	It is a large sleeved, monochrome yellow-coloured, cross-collar robe with black trims.[28][32][36]	Unknown- Present

Handwear[]

Gloves and mitts[]

• 

  Han mitts, Mawangdui Tomb, Han dynasty.

See also[]

• Hanfu
• List of Hanfu headwear
• Hanfu footwear
• Chinese academic dress
• Mandarin square
• Hanfu Accessories

References[]