List of United States state legislatures

US state governments (governor and legislature) by party control

Democratic control

Republican control

Split control

This is a list of United States state legislatures. Each state in the United States has a legislature as part of its form of civil government. Most of the fundamental details of the legislature are specified in the state constitution. With the exception of Nebraska, all state legislatures are bicameral bodies, composed of a lower house (Assembly, General Assembly, State Assembly, House of Delegates, or House of Representatives) and an upper house (Senate). The United States also has one federal district and five non-state territories with local legislative branches, which are listed below. Among the states, the Nebraska Legislature is the only state with a unicameral body. However, three other jurisdictions – the District of Columbia, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands – also have unicameral bodies.

The exact names, dates, term lengths, term limits, electoral systems, electoral districts, and other details are determined by the individual states' laws.

Party summary[]

Party control of legislatures
Republican-controlled legislatures	30
Democratic-controlled legislatures	18
Split legislatures^[1]	2
Total	50

Blue is Democratic legislature, Red is Republican legislature, pink is split control

Note: A party with a numerical majority in a chamber may be forced to share power with other parties due to informal coalitions or may cede power outright because of divisions within its caucus.

Party control of state governments
Republican-controlled governments	23
Democratic-controlled governments	15
Democratic governor/Republican-controlled legislature	7
Republican governor/Democratic-controlled legislature	3
Democratic governor/Split legislature	1
Republican governor/Split legislature	1
Total	50

Statistics[]

State legislators by party[]

As of January 29, 2021

Party	Lower house^[2]	Upper house^[3]	Total
Republican (R)	2,918 days (53.93%)	1,089 (55.22%)	4,007 days (54.27%)
Democratic (D)	2,448 (45.24%)	864 (43.81%)	3,312 (44.86%)
Independent (I)^†	23 (0.43%)	3 (0.15%)	26 (0.31%)
Progressive [VT] (P)	7 (0.13%)	2 (0.1%)	9 (0.12%)
Libertarian (L)	2 (0.04%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.01%)
Vacant	14 (0.26%)	14 (0.71%)	28 (0.38%)
Total	5,411	1,972	7,383

^† Includes legislators who are listed officially as unaffiliated, unenrolled, nonpartisan, etc.

State legislatures[]

As of February 16, 2021^[4]

State	State executive	Legislature name	Lower house			Upper house
State	State executive	Legislature name	Name	Party strength	Term (yrs.)	Name	Party strength	Term (yrs.)
Alabama	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	R 76–27, 2 Vacant	4	State Senate	R 27–8	4
Alaska	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	D 15/R-C 2/Ind. 4, R 18/NCR 1	2	State Senate	R 13–7	4
Arizona	Governor	State Legislature	House of Representatives	R 31–29	2	State Senate	R 16–14	2
Arkansas	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	R 76–24	2	State Senate	R 28–7	4
California	Governor	State Legislature^{[nb 1]}	State Assembly	D 59–19, 1 Ind, 1 Vacant	2	State Senate	D 31–9	4
Colorado	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	D 41–24	2	State Senate	D 20–15	4
Connecticut	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	D 97–54	2	State Senate	D 24–12	2
Delaware	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	D 26–15	2	State Senate	D 14–7	4
Florida	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	R 78–42	2	State Senate	R 24–16	4
Georgia	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	R 103–76, 1 Vacant	2	State Senate	R 34–22	2
Hawaii	Governor	State Legislature	House of Representatives	D 47–4	2	State Senate	D 24–1	4
Idaho	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	R 58–12	2	State Senate	R 28–7	2
Illinois	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	D 73–45	2	State Senate	D 41–18	2 or 4
Indiana	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	R 71–29	2	State Senate	R 38–11, 1 Vacant	4
Iowa	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	R 59–41	2	State Senate	R 32–18	4
Kansas	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	R 86–38, 1 Ind	2	State Senate	R 29–11	4
Kentucky	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	R 75–25	2	State Senate	R 30–8	4
Louisiana	Governor	State Legislature^{[nb 2]}	House of Representatives	R 66–35, 2 Ind, 2 Vacant	4	State Senate	R 27–12	4
Maine	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	D 80–66, 4 Ind, 1 Lib^{[nb 3]}	2	State Senate	D 21–14	2
Maryland	Governor	General Assembly	House of Delegates	D 99–42	4	State Senate	D 32–15	4
Massachusetts	Governor	General Court	House of Representatives	D 128–30, 1 Ind, 1 Vacant	2	State Senate	D 37–3	2
Michigan	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	R 58–52	2	State Senate	R 20–16, 2 Vacant	4
Minnesota	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	D 70–64	2	State Senate	R 34–31, 2 Ind	2, 4, 4
Mississippi	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	R 74–46, 1 Ind, 2 Vacant	4	State Senate	R 34-16, 2 Vacant	4
Missouri	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	R 114–49	2	State Senate	R 24–10	4
Montana	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	R 67–33	2	State Senate	R 31–18, 1 Vacant	4
Nebraska	Governor	Legislature	(Unicameral)			Legislature^{[nb 4]}	R 30–19^{[nb 5]}	4
Nevada	Governor	Legislature	Assembly	D 26–16	2	State Senate	D 12–9	4
New Hampshire	Governor	General Court	House of Representatives	R 212–187, 1 Vacant	2	State Senate	R 14–10	2
New Jersey	Governor	Legislature	General Assembly	D 52–28	2	State Senate	D 25–15	2, 4, 4
New Mexico	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	D 44–25, 1 Ind	2	State Senate	D 27–15	4
New York	Governor	Legislature	State Assembly	D 106–43, 1 Ind	2	State Senate	D 43–20	2
North Carolina	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	R 69–51	2	State Senate	R 28–22	2
North Dakota	Governor	Legislative Assembly	House of Representatives	R 80–14	4	State Senate	R 40–17	4
Ohio	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	R 64–35	2	State Senate	R 25–8	4
Oklahoma	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	R 82–19	2	State Senate	R 39–9	4
Oregon	Governor	Legislative Assembly	House of Representatives	D 37–23	2	State Senate	D 18–12	4
Pennsylvania	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	R 112–90, 1 Vacant	2	State Senate	R 27–21, 1 Ind, 1 Vacant	4
Rhode Island	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	D 65–10	2	State Senate	D 33–5	2
South Carolina	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	R 81–43	2	State Senate	R 30–16	4
South Dakota	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	R 62–8	2	State Senate	R 32–3	2
Tennessee	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	R 73–26	2	State Senate	R 27–6	4
Texas	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	R 83–67	2	State Senate	R 18–13	4
Utah	Governor	State Legislature^{[nb 6]}	House of Representatives	R 58–17	2	State Senate	R 23–6	4
Vermont	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	D 92–47, 7 Prog, 4 Ind	2	State Senate	D 21–7, 2 Prog	2
Virginia	Governor	General Assembly	House of Delegates	D 55–45	2	State Senate	D 21–18, 1 Vacant	4
Washington	Governor	State Legislature^{[nb 7]}	House of Representatives	D 57–41	2	State Senate	D 29–20	4
West Virginia	Governor	Legislature	House of Delegates	R 77–23	2	State Senate	R 23–11	4
Wisconsin	Governor	Legislature	State Assembly	R 61–38	2	State Senate	R 21–12	4
Wyoming	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	R 51–7, 1 Ind, 1 Lib	2	State Senate	R 28–2	4

Federal district and territorial legislatures[]

Federal district or territory	Governor	Name	Lower house			Upper house
Federal district or territory	Governor	Name	Name	Party strength	Term (years)	Name	Party strength	Term (years)
American Samoa	Governor	Fono	House of Representatives	NP 20 (+ NV 1)	2	Senate	NP 18	4
District of Columbia	Mayor	Council	(Unicameral)			Council	D 11–0, 2 I	4
Guam	Governor	Legislature	(Unicameral)			Legislature	D 8–7	2
Northern Mariana Islands	Governor	Commonwealth Legislature	House of Representatives	R 9–8, 3 I	2	Senate	R 5–1, 3 I	4
Puerto Rico	Governor	Legislative Assembly	House of Representatives	PPD 26–21, 2 MVC, 1 PIP, 1 PD^{[nb 8]}	4	Senate	PPD 13–9, 2 MVC, 1 PIP, 1 PD, 1 I	4
United States Virgin Islands	Governor	Legislature	(Unicameral)			Legislature	D 10–0, 5 I	2

Popular Democratic (PPD) legislators	39
Democratic (D) legislators	38
New Progressive (PNP) legislators	30
Republican (R) legislators	21
Citizen's Victory Movement (MVC) legislators	4
Puerto Rican Independence (PIP) legislators	2
Project Dignity (PD) legislators	2
Independent (I) and nonpartisan (NP) legislators	52
Non-voting (NV) delegate (Swains Island)	1
Total	189

Notes[]

^ The Constitution of California names it the "California Legislature", but the Legislature brands itself as the “California State Legislature”.
^ The Constitution of Louisiana vests legislative authority in "a legislature, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives," and refers to it as "the legislature" throughout, without officially designating a term for the two houses together. However, the two bodies do use the term "Louisiana State Legislature" in official references to itself.
^ There are 3 additional non-voting seats allocated to sovereign tribal nations within Maine. Since 2018, only one seat (belonging to the Passamaquoddy) is filled; the tribal representavtive is a Democrat but is not counted in this total.
^ When Nebraska switched to a unicameral legislature in 1937, the lower house was abolished. All current Nebraskan legislators are referred to as “Senators”, as the pre-1937 senate was the retained house.
^ Nebraska's legislature is de jure nonpartisan but senators' political affiliations are publicly known and voting often happens along party lines; the de facto composition is given here.
^ The Constitution of Utah names it the "Legislature of the State of Utah", but the Legislature brands itself as the "Utah State Legislature".
^ The Constitution of Washington names it "the legislature of the state of Washington", but the Legislature brands itself as the "Washington State Legislature".
^ The ruling parties of Puerto Rico are separate from the Republican and Democratic parties.

References[]

^ “Split” in the sense that each of the two chambers are controlled by a different party (e.g., a Democratic Senate and Republican House) or one chamber is evenly split between parties and thus "hung". The Nebraska legislature, though officially nonpartisan, is de facto Republican-controlled, and listed as such.
^ "Partisan composition of state houses". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
^ "Partisan composition of state senates". Ballotpedia. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
^ "Partisan Composition of State Legislatures". Ballotpedia. Retrieved December 7, 2020.

External links[]

National Conference of State Legislatures

[5] The Constitution of California names it the "California Legislature", but the Legislature brands itself as the “California State Legislature”.

[6] The Constitution of Louisiana vests legislative authority in "a legislature, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives," and refers to it as "the legislature" throughout, without officially designating a term for the two houses together. However, the two bodies do use the term "Louisiana State Legislature" in official references to itself.

[7] There are 3 additional non-voting seats allocated to sovereign tribal nations within Maine. Since 2018, only one seat (belonging to the Passamaquoddy) is filled; the tribal representavtive is a Democrat but is not counted in this total.

[8] When Nebraska switched to a unicameral legislature in 1937, the lower house was abolished. All current Nebraskan legislators are referred to as “Senators”, as the pre-1937 senate was the retained house.

[9] Nebraska's legislature is de jure nonpartisan but senators' political affiliations are publicly known and voting often happens along party lines; the de facto composition is given here.

[10] The Constitution of Utah names it the "Legislature of the State of Utah", but the Legislature brands itself as the "Utah State Legislature".

[11] The Constitution of Washington names it "the legislature of the state of Washington", but the Legislature brands itself as the "Washington State Legislature".

[12] The ruling parties of Puerto Rico are separate from the Republican and Democratic parties.

[1] “Split” in the sense that each of the two chambers are controlled by a different party (e.g., a Democratic Senate and Republican House) or one chamber is evenly split between parties and thus "hung". The Nebraska legislature, though officially nonpartisan, is de facto Republican-controlled, and listed as such.

[2] "Partisan composition of state houses". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 29, 2021.

[3] "Partisan composition of state senates". Ballotpedia. Retrieved October 1, 2017.

[4] "Partisan Composition of State Legislatures". Ballotpedia. Retrieved December 7, 2020.

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