Union affiliation by U.S. state

Percent of workforce belonging to a union in 2017

  20+%

  15–19.9%

  10–14.9%

  5–9.9%

  0–4.9%

Union affiliation by U.S. state (2020)^[1]

Rank	State	Percent union members	Union members	Percent represented by unions	Represented by unions	Total employed	Right to Work
1	Hawaii	23.7	120,000	25.7	130,000	508,000	No
2	New York	22.0	1,661,000	23.6	1,784,000	7,552,000	No
3	Rhode Island	17.8	81,000	19.1	87,000	455,000	No
4	Alaska	17.7	49,000	19.5	55,000	280,000	No
5	Washington	17.4	557,000	18.6	596,000	3,201,000	No
6	Connecticut	17.1	262,000	18.4	282,000	1,533,000	No
7	Oregon	16.2	275,000	17.3	293,000	1,694,000	No
8	California	16.2	2,441,000	17.8	2,655,000	15,069,000	No
9	New Jersey	16.1	600,000	17.8	660,000	3,719,000	No
10	Minnesota	15.8	398,000	17.0	427,000	2,515,000	No
11	Michigan	15.2	604,000	16.6	661,000	3,974,000	Yes
12	Maine	14.7	82,000	16.7	93,000	559,000	No
13	Illinois	14.3	739,000	15.2	788,000	5,178,000	No
14	Pennsylvania	13.5	717,000	14.6	775,000	5,307,000	No
15	Nevada	13.4	161,000	15.4	186,000	1,208,000	Yes
16	Ohio	13.2	637,000	14.2	686,000	4,815,000	No
17	Maryland	13.1	351,000	14.1	380,000	2,690,000	No
18	Massachusetts	12.0	357,000	12.8	383,000	2,982,000	No
19	Montana	12.0	50,000	13.0	54,000	419,000	No
20	Vermont	11.8	31,000	13.8	36,000	265,000	No
—	United States	10.8	14,253,000	12.1	15,939,000	132,174,000	N/A
21	West Virginia	10.7	71,000	11.3	75,000	666,000	Yes
22	New Hampshire	9.8	62,000	11.1	70,000	629,000	No
23	Delaware	9.7	41,000	10.3	44,000	424,000	No
24	Nebraska	9.6	85,000	10.5	94,000	890,000	Yes
25	Missouri	9.4	238,000	10.1	254,000	2,525,000	No
26	Kansas	8.9	114,000	11.2	144,000	1,282,000	Yes
27	Wisconsin	8.7	227,000	10.2	264,000	2,592,000	Yes
28	District of Columbia	8.6	30,000	9.5	33,000	343,000	No
29	Indiana	8.3	235,000	9.5	270,000	2,838,000	Yes
30	Alabama	8.0	151,000	8.7	164,000	1,896,000	Yes
31	Wyoming	7.6	18,000	9.3	22,000	240,000	Yes
32	Kentucky	7.5	127,000	9.4	160,000	1,694,000	Yes
33	Colorado	7.4	182,000	8.2	202,000	2,470,000	No
34	Mississippi	7.1	74,000	8.3	86,000	1,034,000	Yes
35	New Mexico	7.1	53,000	8.6	64,000	743,000	No
36	Iowa	6.6	93,000	9.1	128,000	1,401,000	Yes
37	Florida	6.4	524,000	7.9	644,000	8,155,000	Yes
38	Oklahoma	6.0	90,000	7.6	114,000	1,501,000	Yes
39	North Dakota	6.2	21,000	7.4	25,000	338,000	Yes
40	Louisiana	5.9	99,000	6.7	113,000	1,682,000	Yes
41	Idaho	5.6	41,000	6.4	47,000	732,000	Yes
42	Arizona	5.3	155,000	7.1	207,000	2,909,000	Yes
43	Texas	4.9	497,000	6.0	642,000	11,607,000	Yes
44	Arkansas	4.7	55,000	5.9	69,000	1,158,000	Yes
45	Virginia	4.4	164,000	5.4	201,000	3,703,000	Yes
46	Tennessee	4.4	117,000	5.1	137,000	2,678,000	Yes
47	South Dakota	4.3	17,000	5.5	21,000	385,000	Yes
48	Georgia	4.1	194,000	5.0	271,000	4,173,000	Yes
49	Utah	3.7	51,000	5.4	75,000	1,403,000	Yes
50	North Carolina	3.1	129,000	3.9	161,000	4,128,000	Yes
51	South Carolina	2.7	59,000	3.8	77,000	2,036,000	Yes

See also[]

• International comparisons of labor unions
• Labor unions in the United States
• Right-to-work law

References[]

External links[]

• Hirsch, Barry T.; Macpherson, David (2016). "Union Membership and Coverage Database". Unionstats.com.
  • Hirsch, Barry T.; Macpherson, David A.; Vroman, Wayne G. (2016). "Union Density Estimates by State, 1964–2015". Atlanta: Georgia State University.
    • State Union Membership Density, 1964–2008 (Excel file)
    • State Union Coverage Density, 1977–2008 (Excel file)