List of the Cenozoic life of South Dakota

This list of the Cenozoic life of South Dakota contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of South Dakota and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

A[]

• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Aelurodon
  • †
  • †Aelurodon taxoides
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene camel Aepycamelus, or the long-necked camel. Heinrich Harder (1920).
  †Aepycamelus
• †Agnotocastor
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Agriochoerus
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• † – tentative report
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Alligator
  • 

    Fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene Alligator prenasalis
    †Alligator prenasalis – type locality for species
• †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
• †Ambystoma
  • †
  • †Ambystoma tigrinum
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene elephant relative Amebelodon. Margret Flinsch (1932).
  †Amebelodon
• †
  • †
• †Ampelopsis
  • †
• †Amphechinus
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †Anchitherium
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Antilocapra
  • †Antilocapra americana
• Apalone
  • †
• †Aphelops
  • †
• †
  • †
• †Archaeocyon
  • †
  • †
• †Archaeohippus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene entelodont mammal Archaeotherium
  †Archaeotherium
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Arctodus
  • †Arctodus simus
• †Arctonasua
• †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• Azolla
  • † – type locality for species

B[]

• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene-Pliocene false saber-toothed cat Barbourofelis
  †Barbourofelis
  • †Barbourofelis whitfordi
• †
  • †
• †Bathornis
  • †
  • †Bathornis veredus
• Bison
  • †Bison latifrons
• Blarina
  • †Blarina carolinensis – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Bothriodon
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Brachypsalis
  • †
• 

  Skeletal reconstruction of the Eocene-Oligocene bear-dog Brachyrhynchocyon
  †Brachyrhynchocyon
  • †
• †Brontops
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• Bufo
  • †
  • †Bufo woodhousei
• Buteo
  • † – type locality for species

C[]

• †
  • †
  • †
• †Calippus
  • †Calippus martini
  • †Calippus placidus
• 

  Life restoration of the Pliocene-Holocene camel Camelops
  †Camelops
• Canis
  • †Canis dirus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Canis latrans
  • †Canis lupus
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Carpocyon
  • †
• Castor
  • †Castor canadensis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †Catostomus
• Celtis
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Cercidiphyllum
  • †
• 

  A living Charina boa
  Charina
  • †
• Chrysemys
  • †
• †
  • †
• Cnemidophorus
• †Colodon
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †Cormocyon
  • † – type locality for species
• †Cormohipparion
  • †
  • †
• †Cosoryx
  • †Cosoryx furcatus
• 

  Restoration of the Miocene palaeomerycid Cranioceras, a relative of modern deer, with anachronistic human to scale
  †Cranioceras
  • †
• Crotalus
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Cynarctoides
  • †Cynarctoides acridens
  • †Cynarctoides lemur
  • †Cynarctoides roii
• †Cynarctus
  • †
• †Cynodesmus
  • †
• Cynomys

D[]

• †
  • †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene bear dog Daphoenus
  †Daphoenus
  • †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †Desmatippus
  • †
• †Desmatochoerus
  • †
• †Desmocyon
  • †Desmocyon thomsoni
• †Diceratherium
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †Dinictis
  • †
• †Dinohyus
• †Dipoides
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Duchesnehippus
  • †
• 

  Illustration of the fossilized jaws and teeth of the Eocene brontothere mammal Duchesneodus
  †Duchesneodus
  • †

E[]

• †Ectopocynus
  • †
• †Ekgmowechashala
  • †Ekgmowechashala philotau – type locality for species
• Elaphe
  • †
  • †Elaphe vulpina
• †Elomeryx
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †Enhydrocyon
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene mammal Entelodon. Charles R. Knight.
  †Entelodon
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
• †Eopelobates
  • † – type locality for species
• †
• †Epicyon
  • †
• Equus
  • †Equus francisci
  • †Equus giganteus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Etheostoma
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene elephant relative Eubelodon
  †Eubelodon
  • †
• †Eucastor
  • †
• †Eucommia
  • †
• Eumeces
  • †Eumeces septentrionalis
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Eusmilus
  • †
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – or unidentified comparable form

F[]

• 

  A living Ficus, or fig tree
  Ficus
  • †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
  • †

G[]

• †
  • †
• Geomys
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Gigantocamelus
  • †
• Glyptostrobus
  • †
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Gomphotherium
  †Gomphotherium
  • †
• †
  • †
• Graptemys
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form

H[]

• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †Hemiauchenia
• †Hemicyon
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Herpetotherium
  • †Herpetotherium fugax
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene dog Hesperocyon. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
  †Hesperocyon
  • †
• † – tentative report
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †Hesperotestudo
  • †
• Heterodon
• †Heteromeryx
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of a herd of the Miocene-Pleistocene horse Hipparion. Heinrich Harder (1920).
  †Hipparion
  • †Hipparion tehonense
• †Hippotherium
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Homotherium – or unidentified comparable form
• †Hoplophoneus
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene creodont mammal Hyaenodon
  †Hyaenodon
  • † – type locality for species
  • †Hyaenodon crucians
  • †Hyaenodon horridus
  • †Hyaenodon montanus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Hyaenodon mustelinus – type locality for species
• Hyla
• †Hypertragulus
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Hypisodus
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene horse Hypohippus. Heinrich Harder (1920).
  †Hypohippus
• †Hypolagus
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Hyporhina – type locality for genus
  • †Hyporhina antiqua – type locality for species
• †Hyracodon
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form

I[]

• Ictalurus
• †Ischyrocyon
  • †Ischyrocyon gidleyi
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Eocene-Oligocene rodent Ischyromys
  †Ischyromys
  • †

J[]

• †
  • †

K[]

• †
  • †
  • †

L[]

• †Lambdoceras
  • † – type locality for species
• Lampropeltis
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• Lepisosteus
• Lepomis
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene oreodont mammal Leptauchenia
  †Leptauchenia
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †Leptictis
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Leptocyon
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †Leptocyon vafer – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Leptocyon vulpinus
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene even-toed ungulate Leptomeryx
  †Leptomeryx
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Lepus
  • †Lepus americanus – or unidentified comparable form
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †Longirostromeryx
  • † – type locality for species

M[]

• †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Macrorhineura – type locality for genus
  • †Macrorhineura skinneri – type locality for species
• †Mammacyon
  • † – type locality for species
• †Mammuthus
  • 

    Life restoration of a herd of Mammuthus columbi, or Columbian mammoths. The extent of the fur depicted is hypothetical. Charles R. Knight (1909).
    †Mammuthus columbi
  • †Mammuthus primigenius^{[citation needed]}
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Martes
  • †
• †Megacerops
  • †
  • †
• †Megachoerus – tentative report
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †Megaleptictis
  • †Megaleptictis altidens
• †Megalictis
  • †Megalictis ferox – type locality for species
• †Megalonyx
  • 

    Restoration of two Megalonyx leptostomus ground sloths. Jay Matternes.
    †Megalonyx leptostomus
  • †Megalonyx wheatleyi
• †Megapaloelodus – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene rhinoceros Menoceras
  †Menoceras
  • †Menoceras barbouri
• †Menops
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Merychippus
  • †
• †Merychyus
  • †Merychyus arenarum
  • †
  • †
• 

  Restorative portrait of the Oligocene-Miocene oreodont mammal Merycochoerus
  †Merycochoerus
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Merycodus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †Merycoides
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Merycoidodon
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• 

  Skull fossils of the Oligocene-Miocene dog Mesocyon
  †Mesocyon
  • †
• †Mesohippus
  • †
  • †
• †Mesoreodon
  • †
  • †
• †
• 

  Restoration of the Eocene-Miocene swamp rhinoceros Metamynodon. Charles R. Knight (1896).
  †Metamynodon
  • † – type locality for species
  • †Metamynodon planifrons
• †Michenia
  • †
• Microtus
  • †
  • †
• • †
• †Mimomys
  • †
• †Miniochoerus
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Eocene-Oligocene three-toed horse Miohippus
  †Miohippus
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • † – type locality for species
  • †Miohippus grandis
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Monosaulax
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene chalicothere mammal Moropus threatening a pair of the bear-dog Daphoenodon. Jay Matternes (1964).
  †Moropus
• Mustela
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Mylagaulus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form

N[]

• 

  Partial fossilized mandible of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Nannippus
  †Nannippus
• †Nanotragulus
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †Neohipparion – type locality for genus
  • †Neohipparion affine – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Neotoma
  • † – type locality for species
• Nerodia
  • †Nerodia sipedon
• • † – type locality for species
• †Nexuotapirus
  • †
• †Niglarodon
  • †
• 

  Illustration of the fossilized skull of the Oligocene false saber-toothed cat Nimravus
  †Nimravus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Notophthalmus
  • † – type locality for species
• †Nototamias
  • †
• †Notropis
• †Noturus – tentative report

O[]

• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Ondatra
  • †
• Onychomys
  • †
• †Oreodontoides
  • †
• Ortalis
  • † – type locality for species
• †Osbornodon
  • †
• †Otarocyon
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Oxetocyon
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene camel Oxydactylus
  †Oxydactylus
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – or unidentified comparable form

P[]

• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Spiral-shaped fossilized burrow and associated skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene beaver Palaeocastor
  †Palaeocastor
  • †
  • †
• †Palaeogale
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Palaeolagus
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †Paracrax
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †Paradaphoenus
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †Paraenhydrocyon
  • †
• †Parahippus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Paramys
  • †
• †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – or unidentified related form
• †Paratomarctus
  • †
• †Paratylopus
  • †
• †Parictis
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Eocene-Oligocene lizard Peltosaurus
  †Peltosaurus
  • †Peltosaurus granulosus
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †Peraceras
  • †
• †Perchoerus
  • †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Perognathus
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• Peromyscus
• †Philotrox
  • †Philotrox condoni
• †Phlaocyon
  • †Phlaocyon minor
• Phrynosoma
  • †Phrynosoma douglassi
• †Planera
  • †
• 

  Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922).
  †Platygonus
• †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Pliauchenia
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene horse Pliohippus
  †Pliohippus
  • †Pliohippus pernix
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Poebrotherium
  • †
• †Pogonodon
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
  • †
• †Procamelus
  • †Procamelus grandis
• †Procastoroides
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †Promartes
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• 

  Restoration of the Miocene hippopotamus-like oreodont Promerycochoerus both onshore and in the water. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
  †Promerycochoerus
  • †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Proscalops
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Protapirus
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †Proterix
  • †
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of a female (left) and male of the Oligocene-Miocene even-toed ungulate Protoceras. Charles R. Knight (1896).
  †Protoceras
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Protohippus
  • †Protohippus supremus – type locality for species
• †Protolabis
  • †
• †
• Pseudacris
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Pseudaelurus
• †Pseudhipparion
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene protoceratid mammal Pseudoprotoceras
  †Pseudoprotoceras
  • †
  • †
• †
• †
  • †
• †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species

Q[]

• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Querquedula
  • † – type locality for species

R[]

• †Rana
  • 

    A living Rana catesbeiana (sometimes Lithobates catesbeianus), or American bullfrog
    †Rana catesbeiana
  • †Rana pipiens
• Reithrodontomys
  • †
• Rhineura
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form

S[]

• Salvadora
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Scaphiopus
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• † – tentative report
• †Sespia
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Sorex
  • †Sorex cinereus
• Spea
  • † – type locality for species
• Spermophilus
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Stegomastodon
  †Stegomastodon
  • †Stegomastodon mirificus
• †Steneofiber
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• Strix
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Eocene-Oligocene tortoise Stylemys
  †Stylemys
  • †
• †Subhyracodon
  • †
  • †
• †Sunkahetanka
  • †Sunkahetanka geringensis
• Sylvilagus
  • †Sylvilagus floridanus

T[]

• Tapirus
• 

  Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene rhinoceros Teleoceras
  †Teleoceras
  • †Teleoceras major
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Thamnophis
  • †Thamnophis sirtalis
• †
• Thomomys
• †
  • †
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene camel Titanotylopus
  †Titanotylopus
• †Trigenicus
  • †
• †Trigonias
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Tympanuchus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †

U[]

• †Ursavus
• †Ustatochoerus
  • †Ustatochoerus medius

W[]

• † – tentative report
  • †
• †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species

X[]

• †
  • † – type locality for species

Z[]

• 

  A living Zapus jumping mouse
  Zapus
  • †
• Zelkova
  • †

References[]

• Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 7 August 2017.