Federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada
This article is about the federal district. For the provincial district, see Outremont (provincial electoral district) .
Outremont Quebec electoral district Outremont in relation to other electoral districts in Montreal and Laval
Legislature House of Commons MP Rachel Bendayan Liberal District created 1933 First contested 1935 Last contested 2021 District webpage profile , map Population (2016 )[1] 102,088 Electors (2019)67,842 Area (km²)[2] 11.95 Pop. density (per km²) 8,542.9 Census division(s) Montreal Census subdivision(s) Montreal
Outremont is a federal electoral district in Montreal , Quebec , Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1935. It was known as Outremont—Saint-Jean from 1947 to 1966. Its population in 2006 was 95,711. Its current Member of Parliament is Rachel Bendayan of the Liberal Party of Canada .[3]
Demographics [ ]
According to the Canada 2011 Census [4]
Ethnic groups: 69.5% White, 6.9% Black, 6.7% Arab, 3.8% Latino, 2.8% Filipino, 2.4% South Asian, 2.1% Southeast Asian, 2.0% Chinese, 1.7% Indigenous, 2.1% Other
Languages: 47.9% French, 16.5% English, 5.4% Arabic, 4.8% Yiddish, 4.6% Spanish, 1.9% Portuguese, 1.8% Greek, 1.5% Romanian, 1.4% Tagalog, 1.3% Russian, 12.9% Other
Religions: 50.7% Christian, 11.0% Jewish, 9.5% Muslim, 1.3% Buddhist, 1.2% Hindu, 0.3% Other, 26.0% None
Median income: $22,551 (2010)
Average income: $39,486 (2010)
According to the Canada 2016 Census
Languages: (2016) 54.9% French, 23.5% English, 4.9% Yiddish, 2.7% Spanish, 2.4% Arabic, 1.5% Farsi, 1.1% Portuguese, 0.9% Greek, 0.9% Romanian, 0.8% Tagalog, 0.8% Russian, 0.8% Mandarin, 0.6% Vietnamese[5]
Geography [ ]
The district includes the borough of Outremont , the eastern part of Côte-des-Neiges in the borough of Côte-des-Neiges—Notre-Dame-de-Grâce , and the western part of Mile End in the borough of Le Plateau-Mont-Royal , plus bits of upper Downtown Montreal in the borough of Ville-Marie , La Petite-Patrie in the borough of Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie , and Parc Extension in the borough of Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension .
Political geography [ ]
In the 2006 election, the Liberals had their strongest support in Côte-des-Neiges , on the eastern slopes of Mont-Royal and in the small part of the riding in the Parc-Extension neighbourhood. The Bloc had its support concentrated in the borough of Outremont, and around the Université de Montréal . The New Democratic Party (NDP) won all of its polls in Mile-End where it obtained most of its polls. The Conservatives won just three polls in the riding all of which were around the western border of the Outremont border.
In the 2007 by-election, the NDP almost swept the riding. Their strongest areas were in Mile-End , Jeanne-Mance , and around the Université de Montréal . It was not uncommon for the NDP win more than 70% of the vote in these polls. The Bloc Québécois vote had collapsed, most of which went to the NDP. They did not win a single poll. Liberal support was relegated to the small part of Parc-Extension in the riding, the area around Rue Jean-Talon and the area on the opposite side of Mount Royal along Avenue des Pins . The Conservatives held on to one of their three polls.
In the 2008 election, the NDP held on to Outremont, albeit with a lower percentage of overall support.
Until the 2011 election , this riding was the only riding in Quebec to be held by the NDP. Mulcair held it since winning a by-election in 2007, earning a seat for the party for only the second time in history. He was challenged in 2011 by Liberal Martin Cauchon, who held this riding from 1993 to 2004 and was a former cabinet minister.
History [ ]
The electoral district was created in 1933 from parts of Laurier—Outremont and Mount Royal ridings.
This riding lost territory to Papineau , Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount , Laurier—Sainte-Marie , Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-Sœurs and Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie , and gained territory from Laurier—Sainte-Marie , Westmount—Ville-Marie and Mount Royal during the 2012 electoral redistribution .
2007 by-election [ ]
Main article: 2007 Outremont by-election
After the resignation of Jean Lapierre on 28 January 2007, a by-election was called for 17 September 2007. In the by-election, this riding was won by the NDP candidate Thomas Mulcair.
Mulcair retained the riding for the NDP in the 2008 federal election , marking the NDP's first re-election and first general election victory in Quebec.
2019 by-election [ ]
Main article: 2019 Outremont federal by-election
Former boundaries [ ]
Members of Parliament [ ]
This riding has elected the following Members of Parliament :
Election results [ ]
Outremont, 1968–present [ ]
Graph of election results in Outremont 1968-present (minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted)
2021 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Expenditures
Liberal
Rachel Bendayan
16,714
45.4
-0.8
New Democratic
Ève Péclet
9,579
26.0
+5.9
Bloc Québécois
Célia Grimard
5,535
15.0
+1.1
Conservative
Jasmine Louras
2,882
7.8
+1.3
Green
Grace Tarabey
1,198
3.3
-8.8
People's
Yehuda Pinto
819
2.2
+1.3
Independent
Angela-Angie Joshi
93
0.3
N/A
Total valid votes
36,820
98.8
Total rejected ballots
456
1.2
Turnout
37,276
57.2
-5.0
Eligible voters
65,143
Liberal hold
Swing
-3.4
Source: Elections Canada [6]
2019 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Expenditures
Liberal
Rachel Bendayan
19,148
46.19
+5.76
$47,498.81
New Democratic
Andrea Clarke
8,319
20.07
-7.45
none listed
Bloc Québécois
Célia Grimard
5,741
13.85
+2.63
$9,862.60
Green
Daniel Green
5,018
12.1
-0.83
none listed
Conservative
Jasmine Louras
2,707
6.53
+0.39
$4,912.03
People's
Sabin Levesque
369
0.89
-0.65
none listed
Rhinoceros
Mark John Hiemstra
155
0.37
none listed
Total valid votes/expense limit
41,457
100.0
$102,446.50
Total rejected ballots
455
Turnout
41,912
62.2
Eligible voters
67,842
Liberal hold
Swing
+6.61
Source: Elections Canada [7] [8]
Canadian federal by-election, February 25, 2019 Resignation of Tom Mulcair
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Rachel Bendayan
6,086
40.43
+6.97
New Democratic
Julia Sánchez
4,142
27.52
-16.60
Green
Daniel Green
1,946
12.93
+9.32
Bloc Québécois
Michel Duchesne
1,674
11.12
+2.71
Conservative
Jasmine Louras
925
6.14
-3.39
People's
James Seale
232
1.54
-
Independent
William Barrett
48
0.32
-
Total valid votes
15,053
99.11
Total rejected ballots
135
0.89
-0.08
Turnout
15,188
21.57
-40.35
Eligible voters
70,414
Liberal gain from New Democratic
Swing
+11.78
Source: Elections Canada [9]
2015 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Expenditures
New Democratic
Tom Mulcair
19,242
44.11
−11.57
$101,332.88
Liberal
Rachel Bendayan
14,597
33.46
+11.84
$101,506.39
Conservative
Rodolphe Husny
4,159
9.53
+1.55
$7,828.89
Bloc Québécois
Roger Galland Barou
3,668
8.41
−3.20
$6,959.30
Green
Amara Diallo
1,575
3.61
+1.37
–
Libertarian
Francis Pouliot
216
0.50
–
–
Communist
Adrien Welsh
162
0.37
–
–
Total valid votes/Expense limit
43,619
100.00
–
$204,392.07
Total rejected ballots
426
0.97
–
–
Turnout
44,045
62.42
–
–
Eligible voters
70,559
–
–
–
Source: Elections Canada [10] [11]
2011 federal election redistributed results[12]
Party
Vote
%
New Democratic
23,317
55.68
Liberal
9,055
21.62
Bloc Québécois
4,860
11.61
Conservative
3,343
7.98
Green
937
2.24
Others
362
0.86
2011 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Expenditures
New Democratic
Tom Mulcair
21,906
56.37
+16.84
$80,457
Liberal
Martin Cauchon
9,204
23.69
−9.39
$51,130
Conservative
Rodolphe Husny
3,408
8.77
−1.76
$18,319
Bloc Québécois
Élise Daoust
3,199
8.23
−4.32
$10,456
Green
François Pilon
838
2.16
−2.15
$4,578
Rhinoceros
Tommy Gaudet
160
0.41
–
Communist
Johan Boyden
143
0.37
–
Total valid votes
38,858
100.00
Total rejected ballots
291
0.74
+0.05
Turnout
39,149
60.46
+4.35
Electors on the lists
65,573
Source: Official Voting Results, 41st General Election 2011, Elections Canada
2008 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Expenditures
New Democratic
Tom Mulcair
14,348
39.53
−7.97
$69,072
Liberal
Sébastien Dhavernas
12,005
33.08
+4.12
$45,118
Bloc Québécois
Marcela Valdivia
4,554
12.55
+1.62
$48,279
Conservative
Lulzim Laloshi
3,820
10.53
+1.96
$25,770
Green
François Pilon
1,566
4.31
+2.10
not listed
Total valid votes
36,293
100.00
Total rejected ballots
253
0.69
Turnout
36,546
56.11
+18.68
Electors on the lists
64,556
New Democratic hold
Swing
−6.05
Source: Official Voting Results, 40th General Election 2008, Elections Canada . Percentage change totals are in relation to a 2007 by-election , not to the previous general election.
Canadian federal by-election, September 17, 2007 Resignation of Jean Lapierre
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Expenditures
New Democratic
Thomas Mulcair
11,374
47.50
+30.03
$76,194
Liberal
Jocelyn Coulon
6,933
28.96
−6.22
$72,539
Bloc Québécois
Jean-Paul Gilson
2,618
10.93
−18.08
$57,717
Conservative
Gilles Duguay
2,052
8.57
−4.16
$66,401
Green
François Pilon
529
2.21
−2.61
$169
neorhino.ca
François Yo Gourd
145
0.61
–
$1,774
Independent
Mahmood Raza Baig
78
0.33
–
$45
Independent
Jocelyne Leduc
61
0.25
–
$6
Independent
Romain Angeles
46
0.19
–
$157
Canadian Action
Alexandre Amirizian
45
0.19
–
$0
Independent
Régent Millette
32
0.13
+0.08
none listed
Independent
John Turmel
30
0.13
–
none listed
Total valid votes
23,943
100.00
Total rejected ballots
175
0.73
+0.03
Turnout
24,118
37.43
−23.35
Electors on the lists
64,438
New Democratic gain from Liberal
Swing
−18.3
2006 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Expenditures
Liberal
Jean Lapierre
14,282
35.18
−5.76
$69,816
Bloc Québécois
Jacques Léonard
11,778
29.01
−4.24
$63,590
New Democratic
Léo-Paul Lauzon
6,984
17.20
+3.14
$26,625
Conservative
Daniel Fournier
5,168
12.73
+6.76
$73,991
Green
François Pilon
1,957
4.82
+0.53
$425
Indepenent
Eric Roach Denis
101
0.25
$431
Progressive Canadian
Philip Paynter
94
0.23
none listed
Marxist–Leninist
Linda Sullivan
88
0.22
−0.09
none listed
Indepenent
Yan Lacombe
85
0.21
none listed
Indepenent
Xavier Rochon
34
0.08
$572
Indepenent
Régent Millette
22
0.05
none listed
Total valid votes
40,593
100.00
Total rejected ballots
282
0.69
Turnout
40,875
60.78
−4.65
Electors on the lists
67,253
Source: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada .
2004 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Expenditures
Liberal
Jean Lapierre
15,675
40.94
−6.74
$58,392
Bloc Québécois
François Rebello
12,730
33.25
+4.96
$63,640
New Democratic
Omar Aktouf
5,382
14.06
+8.48
$11,371
Conservative
Marc Rousseau
2,284
5.97
−5.37
$38,835
Green
Shaun Perceval-Maxwell
1,643
4.29
+0.54
$475
Marijuana
Yan Lacombe
452
1.18
-1.39
Marxist–Leninist
Linda Sullivan
120
0.31
−0.18
Total valid votes/Expense limit
38,286
100.00
–
$73,313
2000 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Expenditures
Liberal
Martin Cauchon
18,796
47.68
−2.47
$52,920
Bloc Québécois
Amir Khadir
11,151
28.29
−0.10
$50,207
Progressive Conservative
Robert Archambault
3,190
8.09
−4.12
$3,360
New Democratic
Peter Graefe
2,199
5.58
−0.86
$590
Green
Jan Schotte
1,478
3.75
–
$260
Alliance
Josée Duchesneau
1,283
3.25
–
$1,425
Marijuana
Huguette Plourde
1,013
2.57
–
none listed
Marxist–Leninist
Louise Charron
194
0.49
−0.36
$10
Communist
Pierre Smith
118
0.30
–
$187
Total
39,422
100.00
1997 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Martin Cauchon
22,271
50.15
+3.34
Bloc Québécois
Michel Sarra-Bournet
12,608
28.39
−8.98
Progressive Conservative
Marguerite Sicard
5,424
12.21
+3.30
New Democratic
Tooker Gomberg
2,862
6.44
+1.89
Natural Law
Denis Cauchon
868
1.95
+0.45
Marxist–Leninist
Louise Charron
378
0.85
+0.46
Total
44,411
100.00
–
1993 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Martin Cauchon
21,638
46.81
+12.10
Bloc Québécois
Jean-Louis Hérivault
17,274
37.37
–
Progressive Conservative
Jean Pierre Hogue
4,119
8.91
−29.52
New Democratic
Catherine Kallos
2,104
4.55
−15.93
Natural Law
Daniel Bergeron
694
1.50
–
Marxist–Leninist
Michel Rocheleau
179
0.39
–
Abolitionist
Sylvain M. Coulombe
131
0.28
–
Commonwealth of Canada
Mamunor Rashid
89
0.19
−0.07
Total
46,228
100.00
–
1988 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Progressive Conservative
Jean-Pierre Hogue
17,597
38.43
+9.15
Liberal
Lucie Pépin
15,895
34.71
−6.21
New Democratic
Louise O'Neill
9,379
20.48
+1.82
Green
Harriett Fels
1,342
2.93
+0.42
Rhinoceros
Milenko P. Miljévic
1,077
2.35
−1.84
Communist
Monique Marcotte
200
0.44
−0.07
Independent
Fernand Deschamps
183
0.40
–
Commonwealth of Canada
Guy Huard
117
0.26
−0.13
Total
45,790
100.00
–
1984 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Lucie Pépin
14,508
40.92
−30.57
Progressive Conservative
Anne-Marie Sylvestre
10,383
29.28
+21.96
New Democratic
Johanne Beaudin
6,687
18.86
+6.44
Rhinoceros
Claude V.U. Hamel
1,484
4.19
−2.235
Parti nationaliste
Roger Lebeuf
1,185
3.34
–
Green
François Lubrina
890
2.51
–
Communist
Jocelyne Rioux
182
0.51
+0.04
Commonwealth of Canada
Christiane Deland-Gervais
139
0.39
–
Total
35,458
100.00
–
1980 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Marc Lalonde
23,004
71.49
−0.66
New Democratic
Claire A. Brisson
3,996
12.42
+2.09
Progressive Conservative
Diane Chevrette
2,355
7.32
+1.96
Rhinoceros
Philippe Langlois
2,065
6.42
−0.02
Independent
Danielle Trudel
277
0.86
–
Communist
Jocelyne Rioux
150
0.47
+0.01
Independent
H.-Georges Grenier
140
0.44
–
Union populaire
Colette Picard-Desjardins
128
0.40
+0.13
Marxist–Leninist
Robert Wallace
64
0.20
−0.03
Total
32,179
100.00
–
1979 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Marc Lalonde
28,710
72.15
−0.15
New Democratic
Claire A. Brisson
4,112
10.33
−1.91
Rhinoceros
Serge Beauchemin
2,564
6.44
–
Progressive Conservative
Henriette Guérin
2,134
5.36
−5.30
Social Credit
Philippe Chartrand
1,765
4.44
+2.09
Communist
Jocelyne Rioux
185
0.46
–
Independent
Fred Haight
122
0.31
–
Union populaire
G. Spooner
108
0.27
–
Marxist–Leninist
Robert Wallace
91
0.23
−0.86
Total
39,791
100.00
–
1974 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Marc Lalonde
20,400
72.30
+6.82
New Democratic
Georges Louis Valois
3,453
12.24
−3.74
Progressive Conservative
Symone Beaudin
3,007
10.66
+2.06
Social Credit
Joseph-Endré De Csavossy
663
2.35
−1.95
Independent
Vera Jackson
399
1.41
–
Marxist–Leninist
Micheline Mélanson
292
1.03
–
Total
28,214
100.00
–
1972 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Marc Lalonde
21,399
65.48
−13.18
New Democratic
Henri-François Gautrin
5,223
15.98
+4.58
Progressive Conservative
André Poitras
2,811
8.60
−1.34
Rhinoceros
Réginald Martel
1,565
4.79
–
Social Credit
Maurice Benoit
1,404
4.30
–
Independent
Harold J. Glick
168
0.51
–
Independent
H.-Georges Grenier
109
0.33
–
Total
32,679
100.00
–
1968 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Aurélien Noël
24,219
78.66
+23.99
New Democratic
Saul Handelman
3,511
11.40
−31.03
Progressive Conservative
Neil Morrison
3,059
9.94
–
Total
30,789
100.00
–
Outremont—Saint-Jean, 1949–1968 [ ]
Canadian federal by-election, 29 May 1967
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
On Mr. Lamontagne's resignation, 4 June 1967
Liberal
Aurélien Noël
6,262
54.67%
+2.10%
New Democratic
Denis Lazure
4,860
42.43%
+25.89%
Esprit social
Henri-Georges Grenier
214
1.87%
−0.19%
Rhinoceros
F.-L.-M. Bonnier
118
1.03%
Total valid votes
11,454
100.00%
1965 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Maurice Lamontagne
11,855
52.57%
−4.06%
New Democratic
Monique Ferron
3,730
16.54%
−1.45%
Progressive Conservative
Albert Guilbeault
3,241
14.37%
−5.56%
Ralliement créditiste
André Poitras
3,259
14.45%
+9.01%
2.06%
Droit vital personnel
Henri-Georges Grenier
465
2.06%
Total valid votes
22,550
100.00%
Note: Ralliement créditiste vote is compared to Social Credit vote in the 1963 election.
1963 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Maurice Lamontagne
13,305
56.63%
+9.55%
Progressive Conservative
Marc Lacoste
4,684
19.94%
−10.28%
New Democratic
Thérèse Casgrain
4,227
17.99%
−2.02%
Social Credit
Léopold Savard
1,278
5.44%
+2.76%
Total valid votes
23,494
100.00%
1962 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Romuald Bourque
10,134
47.08%
−8.51%
Progressive Conservative
Marc Lacoste
6,504
30.22%
−8.72%
New Democratic
Thérèse Casgrain
4,308
20.02%
+14.55%
Social Credit
Jean-Guy Laprise
577
2.68%
Total valid votes
21,523
100.00%
Note: NDP vote is compared to CCF vote in 1958 election.
1958 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Romuald Bourque
12,715
55.60%
−17.10%
Progressive Conservative
Conrad Archambault
8,906
38.94%
+18.46%
Co-operative Commonwealth
Gaston Miron
1,249
5.46%
−1.36%
Total valid votes
22,870
100.00%
1957 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Romuald Bourque
13,840
72.70%
+3.92%
Progressive Conservative
René Dostaler
3,899
20.48%
−4.65%
Co-operative Commonwealth
Gaston Miron
1,299
6.82%
+4.22%
Total valid votes
19,038
100.00%
1953 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Romuald Bourque
11,536
68.77%
+12.75%
Progressive Conservative
Gaston Sylvestre
4,216
25.13%
−3.37%
Co-operative Commonwealth
Pierre-D. Gagnon
436
2.60%
−7.50%
Labor–Progressive
Anne Eizner
406
2.42%
Independent Progressive Conservative
Homère Louiselle
180
1.07%
Total valid votes
16,774
100.00%
Canadian federal by-election, 6 October 1952
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
On Mr. Rinfret being appointed Puisne Judge, Court of Queen's Bench, Quebec, 12 February 1952
Liberal
Romuald Bourque
6,294
56.02%
−20.30%
Progressive Conservative
Claude Nolin
3,203
28.51%
+4.83%
Co-operative Commonwealth
Thérèse Casgrain
1,135
10.10%
Independent Liberal
Raymond Bourque
442
3.93%
Independent
Ben Ash
161
1.43%
Total valid votes
11,235
100.00%
1949 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Édouard Rinfret
16,215
76.32%
+20.28%
Progressive Conservative
Alphonse Bélanger
5,030
23.68%
+9.51%
Total valid votes
21,245
100.00%
Outremont, 1935–1949 [ ]
1945 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Édouard-Gabriel Rinfret
14,836
56.04%
−8.01%
Progressive Conservative
Joseph Hector Bender
3,750
14.17%
Bloc populaire
Joseph-Alfred Goyer
3,259
12.31%
Independent Liberal
John P. Callaghan
1,762
6.66%
Co-operative Commonwealth
Abraham Jacob Rosenstein
1,639
6.19%
Labor–Progressive
Gertrude Partridge
1,227
4.63%
Total valid votes
26,473
100.00%
Canadian federal by-election, 30 November 1942
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
On Mr. Vien's resignation, 5 October 1942
Liberal
Léo Richer Laflèche
12,378
64.05%
−2.35%
Bloc populaire
Jean Drapeau
6,948
35.95%
Total valid votes
19,326
100.00%
1940 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Thomas Vien
14,511
66.40%
10.50%
National Government
Joseph-Hector Bender
4,556
20.85%
−14.10%
Independent Liberal
Ernest Poulin
2,787
12.75%
Total valid votes
21,854
100.00%
Note: "National Government" vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1935 election.
1935 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal
Thomas Vien
11,260
55.90%
Conservative
Jean-Joseph Penverne
7,040
34.95%
Reconstruction
Hervé Roch
1,844
9.15%
Total valid votes
20,144
100.00%
See also [ ]
References [ ]
Notes [ ]
^ Statistics Canada : 2017
^ Statistics Canada : 2017
^ Ibbitson, John (February 26, 2019). "What the by-elections tell us about Ottawa politics (and who should watch his back) - The Globe and Mail" . The Globe and Mail .
^ "National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011" . May 8, 2013.
^ "First Official Language Spoken (7), Language Spoken Most Often at Home (269), Age (15A) and Sex (3) for the Population Excluding Institutional Residents of Canada, Provinces and Territories and Federal Electoral Districts (2013 Representation Order), 2016 Census - 100% Data" . August 2, 2017.
^ "List of confirmed candidates – September 20, 2021 Federal Election" . Elections Canada . Retrieved September 2, 2021 .
^ "List of confirmed candidates" . Elections Canada . Retrieved October 3, 2019 .
^ "Election Night Results" . Elections Canada. Retrieved November 11, 2019 .
^ "February 25, 2019 By-elections Election Results" . Elections Canada . February 27, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019 .
^ Elections Canada – Election Results, 22 October 2015
^ Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates
^ Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections
External links [ ]
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