RATP Group

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see RATP.
RATP Group
TypeState-owned company
IndustryPublic transport
FoundedJanuary 1, 1949; 72 years ago (1949-01-01) in Paris, France
Headquarters
54, Quai de la Rapée
75012 Paris
,
France
Area served
Worldwide, with significant Île-de-France involvement
Key people
Catherine Guillouard (CEO)
Revenue€5.704 billion (2019)
Number of employees
64,000 (2019)
ParentGovernment of France
SubsidiariesRATP Capital Innovation
RATP Connect
RATP Coopération
RATP Dev
RATP Habitat
RATP Real Estate
RATP Smart Systems
RATP Travel Retail
Websiteratp.fr/en

The RATP Group (French: Groupe RATP), also known as the RATP or Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (English: Autonomous Parisian Transportation Administration), is a state-owned public transport operator and maintainer headquartered in Paris, France. Formed in 1949, it has its origins as the city's public transport operator. Its logo represents, in a stylised version, the Seine's meandering through the Paris area as the face of a person looking up.

Today, the RATP is still responsible for most of the public transport in the Greater Paris area, including the Paris Métro, Île-de-France tram, and RATP bus network, as well as part of the regional express rail (RER) network. In the Île-de-France region, the RATP carries about 3.3 billion passengers per year.[1]

While RATP's Paris-related activities are still a major part of its business, its operations have extended since 2002 to include business around the globe in various modes of urban and regional transportation. RATP Dev, the Group's international operations and maintenance subsidiary, is present in 13 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America.

In 2019, the Group's consolidated revenue was €5.704 billion; it employs 64,000 people.[1] The company describes itself as the fourth-largest actor in public transport.[1]

History[]

RATP headquarters in Paris

The RATP was created on 1 January 1949 by combining the assets of the Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris (CMP), which operated the Paris Métro, and the Société des transports en commun de la région parisienne (STCRP), which operated the city's bus system.

Earlier, the CMP had absorbed the Société du Chemin de Fer Électrique Nord-Sud de Paris in 1930 and the Ligne de Sceaux in 1937, which extended commuter rail to the suburbs. The STCRP had been created on 1 January 1921 by the merger of about half a dozen independent bus and streetcar operators in the Paris area. By the time the STCRP was merged into the RATP, all of its streetcars had been replaced by bus routes.

In the early years of the 21st century, a partnership with the Transdev group resulted in RATP acquiring a minority shareholding in that group, with its many worldwide transport operations. However, in 2009, the Caisse des dépôts et consignations, the majority owner of the Transdev group, started negotiations with Veolia Environnement to merge Transdev with Veolia Transport. As part of the resulting agreement, made in May 2010, it was agreed that the RATP Group would take over ownership of some of Transdev's operations in lieu of cash payment for its holdings in Transdev. This had a considerable impact on RATP's international profile.[2][3][4]

In 2009, RATP entered the United States by purchasing transit contractor McDonald Transit Associates.[5] McDonald operated Fort Worth Transportation Authority (now Trinity Metro) in Texas, Votran in Florida, and Waco Transit System in Texas, among others.

On 1 August 2011, the RATP Group purchased Stagecoach Metrolink's contract to operate the Metrolink light rail system in Greater Manchester, England until July 2017.[6] Two years later, in 2013, RATP purchased the nearby long-established coach company, Selwyns Travel, a National Express operator.

RATP started testing EasyMile EZ10 shuttles on regular roads (with an employee on board) in January 2021, taking passengers to Bois de Vincennes on weekends.[7]

Presidents[]

Main article: List of Presidents of the RATP

The current president and CEO of the RATP, Catherine Guillouard, was nominated on 2 August 2017.[8] The previous RATP CEOs were Élisabeth Borne, Pierre Mongin and Anne-Marie Idrac.

Operations in Paris[]

Two MP 05 train sets of Paris Métro Line 1 at Bastille station.
RATP tram on tramway line T3a at Porte de Versailles.
RATP hybrid bus on Paris route 38.

In Paris, RATP operates, under its own name, on behalf of and under contract with Île-de-France Mobilités (IDFM), the Paris region transit authority. RATP's services constitute, in their own right, a multi-mode public transportation infrastructure, but also contribute to a larger multi-mode system extending out into the surrounding Île-de-France communities.

RATP's services in the Greater Paris area include:

  • The Paris Métro, a system of mostly underground rapid transit lines which run throughout the city, with some lines extending somewhat beyond the city boundaries. The Métro has 16 lines with 225.1 km (139.9 mi) of track and 304 stations.[9][10] Two metro lines are fully automated and driverless: line 1 (since 2012) and line 14 (since its opening in 1998). Line 4 is currently in the process of being converted into a fully automated and driverless line as well.
  • Orlyval, the automated metro shuttle connecting Antony station (RER B) and Orly Airport.[11]
  • Parts of the RER, the Paris regional express rail network that runs mostly underground in the centre of Paris and overground in the rest of the region. RATP owns and operates line A (except the Nanterre-Préfecture - Cergy-le-Haut and Nanterre-Préfecture - Poissy branches) and line B (except the part north of Gare du Nord), both together representing approximately 115 km (71 mi) and 66 stations. The rest of the RER network is operated by SNCF.
  • Eight out of eleven lines of the Paris tram system (T1, T2, T3a, T3b, T5, T6, T7, T8) totalizing 101.9 km (63.3 mi) and 183 stops.[12]
  • The extensive Paris city bus system (351 lines with a total length of 3,861 km (2,399 mi)), including the night buses of the Noctilien network.
  • Two BRT lines: the Trans-Val-de-Marne (TVM, 19.7 km (12.2 mi)) and line 393 (11.7 km (7.3 mi)).
  • The Montmartre funicular.

Paris bus route 341 was RATP's first line equipped with 100% electric full-size buses (starting June 2016).[13] By early 2021, there were over 150 full battery electric buses in the fleet with a target of 1,500 by 2025.[14]

Operations outside Paris[]

RATP Dev (Dev being a contraction of Développement, French for development[15]), established in 2002 as a 100% subsidiary of the RATP Group, provides operations and maintenance of passenger transport services outside of the "historical" RATP network in the Greater Paris area although it also operates some specialised services within Paris. RATP Dev is present in 13 countries, namely Algeria, Egypt, China's special administrative region Hong Kong, France, Italy, Morocco, the Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Wholly and partly owned operations include the following:[16][17][18]

Operations in France[]

Heavy rail[]

Other modes[]

Operations outside France[]

Heavy rail[]

A Gautrain Bombardier Electrostar unit in South Africa.
  • Gautrain, regional express train in Gauteng province, South Africa, linking Johannesburg, Pretoria and O. R. Tambo International Airport (since 2010)[41]
  • "La Ferroviaria Italiana", two regional rail lines in Tuscany, Italy (minority share)[42]
  • Future electric train between Cairo and the new administrative capital of Egypt[43]

Metro and tramway[]

A typical Hong Kong tram double-deck car.

Bus and coach[]

Italy[]
  • Autolinee Toscane, a coach operator in Tuscany, Italy[64]
  • Cilia Italia, Lazio, Italy[65]
  • Future contrat for the entire regional bus network of Tuscany including 5,300 employees, 3,000 vehicles and 90 depots (for a duration of 11 years)[66][67]
United Kingdom[]
London United Enviro400 EV on route 94 in London.

RATP Dev's presence in the United Kingdom is mainly concentrated in London with its portfolio of bus services on behalf of Transport for London. Through its three subsidiaries London United, Quality Line (acquired as Epsom Coaches in April 2012) and London Sovereign (acquired in April 2014), RATP Dev manages 1129 vehicles on 96 routes out of 10 garages, and has 3387 employees, as of 2020.[68][69] Early 2021, RATP Dev announced that it is to close its Quality Line subsidiary and Epsom depot.[70] The closure was effective as of July 2021.[71]

On 16 June 2021, the firm announced it had placed an order for 195 electric buses for its London operations to be delivered jointly by Alexander Dennis and BYD Auto, the by then largest ever full battery electric bus order in the UK.[72]

Outside of London, RATP Dev manages, since 2011, the Air Decker, a bus service connecting Bristol Airport with Bath.[73]

United States[]
RATP Dev has numerous operations in the United States, including the DC Circulator.

RATP operates various transit systems in the United States under the name RATP Dev USA:

Other countries[]
  • Riyadh (since 2014 set-up of the capital's future urban bus network with approximately 1,000 vehicles over three depots, and operations and maintenance for a duration of 10 years starting 2016, 20% share of a consortium with SAPTCO)[88][89][90]

Tootbus[]

Main articles: Tootbus Bath and Tootbus London

RATP Dev manages touristic hop on hop off tour operations using double-decker buses: in Paris (formerly "Paris L'OpenTour"), Tootbus London (formerly The Original Tour, acquired in September 2014) and Tootbus Bath (formerly Bath Bus Company) in several cities in the United Kingdom (Bath, Cardiff, Eastbourne and Windsor.[91][92] As of 2021 RATP Dev will add a hop on hop off circuit in Brussels, Belgium, to its network (as part of an eight-year concession granted by STIB, 12 electric vehicles).[93]

Other[]

"Slide Ealing" is a ride sharing minibus service (microtransit) launched 12 November 2019 in London, in partnership with MOIA.[94]

Since 2013, RATP Dev, in a consortium with TPG and Pomagalski, manages the Salève cable car, in the French Alps.[95] Ridership of the cable car has increased by 50% since 2013, notably after the introduction of shuttle buses from Annemasse and Saint-Julien-en-Genevois.[96] The contract of the RATP Dev-led consortium has been renewed in 2019 for 12 additional years, until 2031.[96]

RATP Dev established in 2018 a "regional office" in Singapore for Asia-Pacific albeit not having any operational activity in the city-state.[97] In December 2020, RATP Dev and SBS Transit announced a partnership for future rail projects in Singapore, without referencing specific commercial targets.[98]

In September 2020, RATP Dev announces a partnership with Getlink to jointly bid under the "Régionéo" brand name for regional rail services in France which will gradually opened to competitive tendering.[99]

Former operations[]

(selection / non comprehensive list)

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c "2019 RATP Group Highlights" (PDF). 2 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  2. ^ "Merger of Veolia Transport and Transdev". Veolia Transport. Archived from the original on 2009-07-27. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
  3. ^ "Completion of the merger of Veolia Transport and Transdev". Transdev. Archived from the original on 2011-03-07. Retrieved 2011-04-13.
  4. ^ "The new scale of the RATP Group". RATP. 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2011-03-04.
  5. ^ "RATP Dev North America adopts one brand". Retrieved 2018-10-17.
  6. ^ "RATP buys Manchester Metrolink operator". Railway Gazette International. 2 August 2011.
  7. ^ John Laurenson (May 10, 2021). "Paris experiments with driverless shuttle service". Marketplace.
  8. ^ Décret du 2 août 2017 portant nomination de la présidente-directrice générale de la Régie autonome des transports parisiens - Mme GUILLOUARD (Catherine), retrieved 2018-04-14
  9. ^ Île-de-France Mobilités - Omnil (9 October 2016). "Caractéristiques du réseau, accessibilité et intermodalité" (in French). Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  10. ^ The figure of "302" (stations) does not include the fictional Montmartre funicular station. The latter is indeed considered as a metro station by RATP and statistically attached to line 2, which explains why RATP announces 305 stations and not 303.
  11. ^ Orlyval is part of the "historic" RATP network but operated by RATP Dev, on behalf of RATP.
  12. ^ Line T4 is operated by SNCF and line T11 is operated by Transkeo.
  13. ^ "La RATP inaugure sa première ligne de bus standard 100% électrique" (in French). 1 June 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  14. ^ "Ile-de-France : les bus polluants, c'est (bientôt) fini" (in French). 22 April 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  15. ^ "Company Overview of RATP Développement S.A." Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  16. ^ "RATP Group". RATP Group. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  17. ^ "Our Subsidiaries". RATP Group. Retrieved 2011-04-17.
  18. ^ "The new scale of the RATP Group" (PDF). RATP Group. Retrieved 2011-04-17.
  19. ^ "Keolis-RATP Dev retenu pour exploiter le CDG Express" (in French). 20 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  20. ^ "Keolis and RATP Dev selected for Paris' CDG Express operating contract". 20 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  21. ^ "RATP Dev renouvelé à Bourges" (in French). 13 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  22. ^ "Un référé de Keolis contre le choix de RATP Dev" (in French). 26 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  23. ^ "Brest Métropole retient RATP Dev pour l'exploitation du réseau multimodal Bibus" (in French). 22 May 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  24. ^ "RATP Dev remporte le réseau de Lorient" (in French). 18 October 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  25. ^ "RATP Dev renouvelée à La Roche-sur-Yon" (in French). 20 July 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  26. ^ "Angers : RATP Dev choisi pour gérer le réseau de transports de l'agglomération" (in French). 22 February 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  27. ^ "RATP Dev remporte le réseau de Vannes face à Transdev" (in French). 30 September 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  28. ^ "RATP Dev reconduit à Vienne" (in French). 8 October 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  29. ^ "Vierzon; France - A more appealing, consistent transit system". Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  30. ^ "RATP Dev exploitera le réseau de bus de Boulogne-sur-Mer" (in French). 12 December 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  31. ^ "Un nouveau directeur chez Mouvéo à Épernay" (in French). 7 February 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  32. ^ "RATP Dev exploitera le réseau de bus d'Aix-les-Bains à partir de 2015" (in French). 17 December 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  33. ^ "Yvelines: Keolis va gérer le service de bus à Poissy, Maisons-Laffitte, Sartrouville" (in French). 5 March 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  34. ^ "RATP Dev wins a new contract to operate the bus routes of the western Grand Paris Seine & Oise urban community and the Portes de l'Île-de-France community of municipalities" (PDF). 12 February 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  35. ^ "Du changement dans l'exploitation des lignes d'autocars du réseau Express A14" (in French). 8 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  36. ^ "RATP Dev renouvelé pour l'exploitation de PAM 91" (in French). 9 October 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  37. ^ "RATP Dev renouvelée pour l'exploitation du réseau TAC, transports d'Ardenne Métropole" (in French). 10 July 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  38. ^ "Le réseau de transport du pays de Quimperlé confié à RATP Dev" (in French). 20 December 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  39. ^ "RATP Dev va exploiter le réseau de transport de Laon" (in French). 22 December 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  40. ^ "Valenciennes : la RATP va remplacer Transvilles" (in French). 19 November 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  41. ^ "La RATP réussit son Mondial avec le Gautrain" (in French). Retrieved 19 June 2014.
  42. ^ "RATP Dev Italia - La Ferroviaria Italiana" (in Italian). Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  43. ^ "Une nouvelle pierre de Rosette pour RATP Dev Mobility Cairo" (in French). 3 March 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  44. ^ Jump up to: a b "RATP Dev se renforce en Algérie et se voit confier l'exploitation et la maintenance des futurs projets de tramway algériens, en partenariat avec l'EMA et l'ETUSA" (PDF) (in French). 24 May 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  45. ^ "Ouargla tramway inaugurated". 25 July 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  46. ^ "Sidi Bel Abbès tramway inaugurated". 31 July 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  47. ^ "Le tramway de Sétif est dans la place" (in French). 11 May 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
  48. ^ "RATP Dev to operate and maintain Cairo Line 3". 3 September 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  49. ^ "Egypt's Transport Minister witnesses full operation of Cairo Metro Line 3 by RATP Dev". 27 June 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  50. ^ "Le tramway de Washington opéré par RATP Dev est en service" (in French). 29 February 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
  51. ^ "RATP Dev - GEST - tramway de Florence" (in French). Retrieved 19 June 2014.
  52. ^ "Casa Transports et RATP Dev scellent un nouveau contrat d'exploitation du tramway et du bus" (in French). 16 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  53. ^ From 2009 to 2020, this operation was managed by RATP Dev Transdev Asia (RDTA), a 50/50 joint venture with Transdev; since 2020 RATP Dev assumes sole control of the Hong Kong tramway operation.
  54. ^ Jump up to: a b "RDTA website". Archived from the original on December 25, 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  55. ^ "Hong Kong tram celebrates 110 years". Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  56. ^ "RATP Dev takes full control of RDTA transport operations in Asia" (PDF). 22 October 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  57. ^ "RATP Dev apporte son expertise pour la ligne 1 du métro de Manille" (in French). Retrieved 25 October 2014.
  58. ^ Jump up to: a b "Memphis Area Transit Authority Board of Commissioners - Regular Meeting June 22, 2021" (PDF). 22 June 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  59. ^ "Tucson Sun Link streetcar opens". 25 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  60. ^ "RATP Dev renouvelé à Tucson et Charlotte" (in French). 14 May 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  61. ^ "Victoire pour Keolis et RATP Dev au Qatar" (in French). 7 December 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  62. ^ "Métro de Riyad: la RATP et Alstom remportent d'importants contrats" (in French). 18 September 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
  63. ^ "Le groupe RATP renforce sa présence en Arabie Saoudite avec le contrat emblématique d'exploitation et de maintenance du métro de Riyad, attribué par ArRiyadh Development Authority (ADA) à RATP Dev et SAPTCO" (in French). 18 September 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
  64. ^ "RATP Dev Italia - Autolinee Toscane" (in Italian). Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  65. ^ "RATP Dev Italia - Cilia Italia" (in Italian). Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  66. ^ "Le Conseil d'État italien débloque un gros contrat de la RATP" (in French). 24 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  67. ^ "La RATP va pouvoir déployer son réseau en Italie, un contrat de 4 milliards d'euros à la clé" (in French). 25 June 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  68. ^ "RATP Dev acquiert une nouvelle société de bus à Londres" (PDF) (in French). 28 April 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  69. ^ "RATP Dev London - About Us". Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  70. ^ "RATP Dev to close its Quality Line subsidiary". 12 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  71. ^ "Epsom Garage Closes". 12 July 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  72. ^ Jackson, Peter (2021-06-22). "RATP Dev London places UK's largest ever electric bus order with BYD ADL partnership". CBW. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
  73. ^ "Air Decker History". Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  74. ^ "RATP Dev remporte la gestion du réseau de transport d'Asheville" (in French). 30 August 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  75. ^ "RATP Dev bolsters US presence with Augusta urban transport network contract win". 5 August 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  76. ^ "RATP Dev USA named transit management contractor for the City of Bowling Green transit management and operational services". 10 July 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  77. ^ "Contract Renewal - Mountain Mobility Buncombe County, NC". 24 July 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  78. ^ "Edmond Citylink McDonald Transit and Associates". Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  79. ^ "SunTran Overview". Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  80. ^ "The COMET awards new service contract for fixed route and paratransit services". 2 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  81. ^ "D.C. Circulator will be privatized under a proposed $141M deal". 4 June 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  82. ^ "McDonald Transit/RATP Dev to operate Fla. transit service". 14 February 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  83. ^ Jump up to: a b "RATP Dev USA Acquires California Based Roadrunner Management Service". Mass Transit Magazine (Press release). 14 May 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  84. ^ "RATP Dev USA remporte la gestion du réseau de transport de Santa Maria en Californie" (PDF) (in French). 7 June 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  85. ^ "RATP Dev USA Begins Operations as New Contract Provider for TheBus". 1 July 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  86. ^ "RATP Dev USA Selected to Manage Yuma County, Arizona's Transit Service". 5 June 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  87. ^ "RATP Dev USA Renews Contract with Zion National Park Transit Service". March 12, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  88. ^ "RATP Dev et SAPTCO remportent l'appel d'offres pour le futur réseau de bus de Riyad" (in French). Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  89. ^ "Bus et métro de Ryad : Ratp Dev veut tenter le grand chelem" (in French). Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  90. ^ "High Commission for the Development of Arriyadh - Projects - (2) Riyadh Bus Project". Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  91. ^ "À New York, la RATP promène des touristes en bus à impériale" (in French). 15 May 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
  92. ^ "La RATP s'offre le champion des bus touristiques londoniens" (in French). 11 September 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
  93. ^ "Bruxelles: les bus touristiques "hop on – hop off" seront électriques à partir de l'an prochain" (in French). 7 February 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  94. ^ "An On-Demand Bus Service Has Just Been Launched In West London". 13 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  95. ^ "RATP Dev se diversifie avec l'exploitation du téléphérique du Salève" (in French). Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  96. ^ Jump up to: a b "Téléphérique du Salève : RATP Dev resigne pour 12 ans" (in French). 5 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  97. ^ "Le Groupe RATP ouvre un bureau Asie-Pacifique à Singapour" (in French). 2 October 2018. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  98. ^ "SBS Transit partners RATP to vie for new business in Singapore". 15 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  99. ^ "Getlink et la RATP lancent Régionéo" (in French). 15 September 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  100. ^ "Metro d'Alger : le contrat d'exploitation de la RATP n'est pas reconduit" (in French). 2 October 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  101. ^ "Delivery of São Paulo Metro Line 4 – Brazil's first passenger rail public-private partnership" (PDF). Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  102. ^ "CCR exerce direito de compra de participação da RATP na ViaQuatro" (in Portuguese). 23 October 2015. Archived from the original on October 24, 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  103. ^ "Brésil : Alstom et RATP Dev dans le nouveau tramway de Rio" (in French). 7 June 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  104. ^ Jump up to: a b c "L'inévitable divorce de RATP Dev et Transdev" (in French). 2 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  105. ^ "Shenyang Tramway Network operated by RATP Dev and Transdev enters service". Archived from the original on 25 May 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  106. ^ "Transdev and RATP Dev win contract to operate tramway network in Shenyang, China". 26 April 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  107. ^ "Présentation du délégataire, Moulins Mobilité, filiale de RATP DEV" (in French). Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  108. ^ "Keolis écarte RATP Dev de Moulins Communauté" (in French). 2 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
  109. ^ "Prêt à Partir fait route vers le sud" (in French). 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  110. ^ "RATP buys Manchester Metrolink operator". 2 August 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  111. ^ "Southern Rail operator to take over the running of Metrolink network". 18 January 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  112. ^ "RATP Dev UK - Our UK Subsidiaries - Selwys". Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  113. ^ "Metrolink operator RATP swoops for Selwyns Travel". 18 March 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  114. ^ "Companies House - SELWYNS TRAVEL LIMITED - Filing History". Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  115. ^ "RATP - Padam. Une offre sur-mesure en minibus" (in French). 12 July 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  116. ^ "New ride-to-work service in Bristol uses minibuses you can hail with an app". 29 July 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
  117. ^ "New ride-to-work service in Bristol uses minibuses you can hail with an app". 27 November 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  118. ^ French moves in London Archived 2014-08-20 at the Wayback Machine Bus & Coach Professional 6 May 2010
  119. ^ "Management moves for bus company". 2 July 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  120. ^ "Fullington Auto Bus Once Again Fully Family-Owned". 28 December 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  121. ^ RATP Dev starts Open Tour with 15 buses in NYC Metro Magazine 15 May 2014
  122. ^ RATP's Extrapolitan quits New York sightseeing Buses issue 751 October 2017 page 19
  123. ^ "Austin (Texas) renouvelle sa confiance à RATP Dev pour l'exploitation de son réseau de bus" (in French). Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  124. ^ "Cap Metro board approves $1.4 billion operations contract". 12 August 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  125. ^ "County Council to replace Votran management firm". 6 February 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  • Gaillard, Marc (1991). Du Madeleine-Bastille à Météor: histoire des transports Parisiens (in French). Amiens: Martelle. ISBN 978-2-87890-013-2. OCLC 25657685.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""