Regions of Italy

Regions of Italy
*Regioni d'Italia* (Italian)
Regions of Italy ; Regioni d'Italia (Italian)
Also known as:; Règions étaliènes (Arpitan), Régions d'Italie (French), Italienische Regionen (German), Riggiuni d'Italia (Sicilian), Rejon de Itàlia (Venetian);
	Apulia Basilicata Calabria Sicily Molise Campania Abruzzo Lazio Umbria Marche Tuscany Sardinia Emilia-Romagna Liguria Piedmont Friuli-; Venezia Giulia Aosta; Valley Trentino-; Alto Adige Veneto Lombardy Adriatic Sea Ionian Sea Mediterranean Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Ligurian Sea
Category	Unitary state
Location	Italian Republic
Number	20
Populations	126,933 (Aosta Valley) – 10,103,969 (Lombardy)
Areas	3,261 km2 (1,259 sq mi) (Aosta Valley) –; 25,832 km2 (9,974 sq mi) (Sicily)
Government	Regional Government, National Government;
Subdivisions	Province;

The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level constituent entities of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level.^[1] There are 20 regions, of which five have greater autonomy than the other fifteen. Under the Italian Constitution, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley, each region is divided into a number of provinces.

History[]

During the Kingdom of Italy, regions were administrative districts of the central state. Under the Republic, they were granted a measure of political autonomy by the 1948 Italian Constitution. The original draft list comprised the Salento region (which was eventually included in the Apulia). Friuli and Venezia Giulia were separate regions, and Basilicata was named Lucania. Abruzzo and Molise were identified as separate regions in the first draft. They were later merged into Abruzzi e Molise in the final constitution of 1948. They were separated in 1963.

Implementation of regional autonomy was postponed until the first Regional elections of 1970. The ruling Christian Democracy party did not want the opposition Italian Communist Party to gain power in the regions where it was historically rooted (the red belt of Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Umbria and the Marches).

Regions acquired a significant level of autonomy following a constitutional reform in 2001 (brought about by a centre-left government and confirmed by popular referendum), which granted them residual policy competence. A further federalist reform was proposed by the regionalist party Lega Nord and in 2005, the centre-right government led by Silvio Berlusconi proposed a new reform that would have greatly increased the power of regions.^[2]

The proposals, which had been particularly associated with Lega Nord, and seen by some as leading the way to a federal state, were rejected in the 2006 Italian constitutional referendum by 61.7% to 38.3%.^[2] The results varied considerably among the regions, ranging from 55.3% in favor in Veneto to 82% against in Calabria.^[2]

Political control[]

Regions colored by the winning coalition (as of September 2020)

Number of regions governed by each coalition since 1995:

Centre-left

Centre-right

Others

Regions[]

Flag	Region Italian name (if different)	Status	Population^[3] January 2021		Area		Pop. density	HDI^[4]2019	Capital	President		Number of comuni^[5]	Prov. or metrop. cities
Flag	Region Italian name (if different)	Status	Number	%	km²	%	Pop. density	HDI^[4]2019	Capital	President		Number of comuni^[5]	Prov. or metrop. cities
	Abruzzo	Ordinary	1,285,256	2.17%	10,832	3.59%	119	0.889	L'Aquila		Marco Marsilio Brothers of Italy	305	4
	Aosta Valley Valle d'Aosta	Autonomous	123,895	0.21%	3,261	1.08%	38	0.887	Aosta		Erik Lavévaz Valdostan Union	74	1
	Apulia Puglia	Ordinary	3,926,931	6.63%	19,541	6.48%	201	0.854	Bari		Michele Emiliano Democratic Party	257	6
	Basilicata	Ordinary	547,579	0.92%	10,073	3.34%	54	0.862	Potenza		Vito Bardi Forza Italia	131	2
	Calabria	Ordinary	1,877,728	3.17%	15,222	5.04%	123	0.845	Catanzaro		Antonino Spirlì (acting)^[a] League	404	5
	Campania	Ordinary	5,679,759	9.58%	13,671	4.53%	415	0.854	Naples		Vincenzo De Luca Democratic Party	550	5
	Emilia-Romagna	Ordinary	4,445,549	7.50%	22,453	7.44%	198	0.921	Bologna		Stefano Bonaccini Democratic Party	330	9
	Friuli-Venezia Giulia	Autonomous	1,198,753	2.02%	7,924	2.63%	151	0.903	Trieste		Massimiliano Fedriga League	215	4
	Lazio	Ordinary	5,720,796	9.65%	17,232	5.71%	332	0.914	Rome		Nicola Zingaretti Democratic Party	378	5
	Liguria	Ordinary	1,509,805	2.55%	5,416	1.79%	279	0.898	Genoa		Giovanni Toti Cambiamo!	234	4
	Lombardy Lombardia	Ordinary	9,966,992	16.82%	23,864	7.91%	418	0.912	Milan		Attilio Fontana League	1,506	12
	Marche	Ordinary	1,501,406	2.53%	9,401	3.12%	160	0.901	Ancona		Francesco Acquaroli Brothers of Italy	225	5
	Molise	Ordinary	296,547	0.50%	4,461	1.48%	66	0.872	Campobasso		Donato Toma Forza Italia	136	2
	Piedmont Piemonte	Ordinary	4,273,210	7.21%	25,387	8.41%	168	0.898	Turin		Alberto Cirio Forza Italia	1,181	8
	Sardinia Sardegna	Autonomous	1,598,225	2.70%	24,100	7.99%	66	0.868	Cagliari		Christian Solinas Sardinian Action Party	377	5
	Sicily Sicilia	Autonomous	4,840,876	8.17%	25,832	8.56%	187	0.845	Palermo		Nello Musumeci Diventerà Bellissima	391	9
	Trentino-South Tyrol Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol	Autonomous	1,078,460	1.82%	13,606	4.51%	79	Trentino: 0.920	Trento		Maurizio Fugatti League	282	2
	Trentino-South Tyrol Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol	Autonomous	1,078,460	1.82%	13,606	4.51%	79	South Tyrol: 0.910	Trento		Maurizio Fugatti League	282	2
	Tuscany Toscana	Ordinary	3,668,333	6.19%	22,987	7.62%	160	0.907	Florence		Eugenio Giani Democratic Party	273	10
	Umbria	Ordinary	865,013	1.46%	8,464	2.81%	102	0.897	Perugia		Donatella Tesei League	92	2
	Veneto	Ordinary	4,852,453	8.19%	18,020	5.97%	265	0.900	Venice		Luca Zaia League	563	7
	Italy Italia	—	59,257,566	100.00%	302,068.26	100.00%	196	0.892	Rome		Sergio Mattarella Independent	7,904	107

^ Antonino Spirlì is the acting President following the death of Jole Santelli on 15th October 2020.

Macroregions[]

Macroregions are the first-level NUTS of the European Union.^(it) ^[6]

Map	Macroregion Italian name	Regions	Major city	Population January 2019		Area (km²)		Population density (km⁻²)
Map	Macroregion Italian name	Regions	Major city	Number	%	km²	%	Population density (km⁻²)
	North-West Nord-Ovest	Aosta Valley Liguria Lombardy Piedmont	Milan	16,093,286	26.66%	57,928	19.18%	278
	North-East Nord-Est	Emilia-Romagna Friuli-Venezia Giulia Trentino-South Tyrol Veneto	Bologna	11,652,827	19.31%	62,003	20.63%	187
	Centre Centro	Lazio Marche Tuscany Umbria	Rome	12,016,009	19.91%	58,085	19.23%	208
	South Sud	Abruzzo Apulia Basilicata Calabria Campania Molise	Naples	13,957,942	23.12%	73,800	24.43%	191
	Islands Isole or Insulare (adj)	Sardinia Sicily	Palermo	6,639,482	11.00%	49,932	16.53%	135

Status[]

Every region has a statute that serves as a regional constitution, determining the form of government and the fundamental principles of the organization and the functioning of the region, as prescribed by the Constitution of Italy (Article 123). Although all the regions except Tuscany define themselves in various ways as an "autonomous Region" in the first article of their Statutes,^[7] fifteen regions have ordinary statutes and five have special statutes, granting them extended autonomy.

Regions with ordinary statute[]

These regions, whose statutes are approved by their regional councils, were created in 1970, even though the Italian Constitution dates back to 1948. Since the constitutional reform of 2001 they have had residual legislative powers. The regions have exclusive legislative power with respect to any matters not expressly reserved to state law (Article 117).^[8] Yet their financial autonomy is quite modest: they just keep 20% of all levied taxes, mostly used to finance the region-based healthcare system.^[9]

Autonomous regions with special statute[]

Autonomous regions

Article 116 of the Italian Constitution grants home rule to five regions, namely Sardinia, Sicily, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Aosta Valley and Friuli Venezia Giulia, allowing them some legislative, administrative and financial power to a varying extent, depending on their specific statute. These regions became autonomous in order to take into account cultural differences and protect linguistic minorities. Moreover, the government wanted to prevent their secession from Italy after the Second World War.^[10]

Institutions[]

Each region has an elected parliament, called Consiglio Regionale (regional council), or Assemblea Regionale (regional assembly) in Sicily, and a government called Giunta Regionale (regional committee), headed by a governor called Presidente della Giunta Regionale (president of the regional committee) or Presidente della Regione (regional president). The latter is directly elected by the citizens of each region, with the exceptions of Aosta Valley and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol regions where the president is chosen by the regional council.

Under the 1995 electoral law, the winning coalition receives an absolute majority of seats on the council. The president chairs the giunta, and nominates or dismisses its members, called assessori. If the directly elected president resigns, new elections are called immediately.

In the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region, the regional council is made up of the joint session of the two provincial councils of Trentino and of South Tyrol. The regional president is one of the two provincial commissioners.

Representation in the Senate[]

Number of senators currently assigned to each Region.

Article 57 of the Constitution of Italy establishes that the Senate of the Italian Republic is elected on a regional basis (excluding 6 senators elected by Italians residing abroad and a small number of senators for life) by Italian citizens aged 25 or older.

The 309 senators are assigned to each region proportionally according to their population. However, Article 57 of the Constitution provides that no region can have fewer than seven senators representing it, except for the Aosta Valley (which has one) and Molise (which has two).

Region	Seats^[11]	Region	Seats	Region	Seats
Abruzzo	7	Friuli-Venezia Giulia	7	Sardinia	8
Aosta Valley	1	Lazio	28	Sicily	25
Apulia	20	Liguria	8	Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol	7
Basilicata	7	Lombardy	49	Tuscany	18
Calabria	10	Marche	8	Umbria	7
Campania	29	Molise	2	Veneto	24
Emilia-Romagna	22	Piedmont	22	Overseas constituencies	6

Economy of regions and macroregions[]

GDP per capita 2018, EUR

Name	GDP 2018, million EUR^[12]	GDP per capita 2018, EUR^[12]	GDP 2011, million PPS^[12]	GDP per capita 2011, PPS^[12]
Abruzzo	33,900	25,800	29,438	21,900
Aosta Valley	4,900	38,900	4,236	33,000
Apulia	76,600	19,000	68,496	16,700
Basilicata	12,600	22,200	10,517	17,900
Calabria	33,300	17,000	32,357	16,100
Campania	108,000	18,600	91,658	15,700
Emilia-Romagna	161,000	36,200	139,597	31,400
Friuli-Venezia Giulia	38,000	31,200	35,855	29,000
Lazio	198,000	33,600	168,609	29,300
Liguria	49,900	32,100	43,069	26,700
Lombardy	388,800	38,600	330,042	33,200
Marche	43,200	28,300	40,014	25,500
Molise	6,500	20,900	6,278	19,700
Piedmont	137,000	31,500	123,336	27,600
Sardinia	34,900	21,200	32,377	19,300
Sicily	89,200	17,800	82,183	16,300
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol	41,700	39,200	35,041	33,700
Tuscany	118,000	31,500	103,775	27,600
Umbria	22,500	25,400	21,078	23,200
Veneto	163,000	33,200	146,369	29,600

Code	Name	GDP 2011, million EUR^[12]	GDP per capita 2011, EUR^[12]	GDP 2011, million PPS^[12]	GDP per capita 2011, PPS^[12]
ITE	Centre	340,669	28,400	333,475	27,800
ITD	North-East	364,560	31,200	356,862	30,600
ITC	North-West	511,484	31,700	500,683	31,000
ITG	Islands	117,031	17,400	114,560	17,000
ITF	South	243,895	17,200	238,744	16,800
-	Extra-regio	2,771	–	2,712	–

References[]

^ "National structures". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 13 July 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Speciale Referendum 2006". la Repubblica. 26 June 2006. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
^ "Population Italian Regions". tuttitalia.it.
^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.
^ "Italian Comuni". tuttitalia.it.
^ "ISTAT geo-demo".
^ Pinto, Luciano Torrente-Paolo Strazzullo-Roberto. "Statuti Regionali - Casa Editrice: Edizioni Simone". www.simone.it.
^ LL.M., Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher. "ICL - Italy - Constitution". servat.unibe.ch.
^ Report RAI - Le regioni a statuto speciale (Italian), retrieved 21 January 2009 [1] Archived 22 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, [2]
^ Hiroko Kudo, “Autonomy and Managerial Innovation in Italian Regions after Constitutional Reform”, Chuo University, Faculty of Law and Graduate School of Public Policy (2008): p. 1. Retrieved on 6 April 2012 from http://www.med-eu.org/proceedings/MED1/Kudo.pdf Archived 17 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
^ "senato.it - XVII Legislatura - Senatori eletti nella regione Piemonte". www.senato.it.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "GDP per capita in the EU in 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2014.

External links[]

[spirli-6] Antonino Spirlì is the acting President following the death of Jole Santelli on 15th October 2020.

[eurostat-1] "National structures". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 13 July 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2011.

[fedref-2] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Speciale Referendum 2006". la Repubblica. 26 June 2006. Retrieved 6 December 2011.

[3] "Population Italian Regions". tuttitalia.it.

[4] "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.

[5] "Italian Comuni". tuttitalia.it.

[7] "ISTAT geo-demo".

[8] Pinto, Luciano Torrente-Paolo Strazzullo-Roberto. "Statuti Regionali - Casa Editrice: Edizioni Simone". www.simone.it.

[9] LL.M., Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher. "ICL - Italy - Constitution". servat.unibe.ch.

[Rai-10] Report RAI - Le regioni a statuto speciale (Italian), retrieved 21 January 2009 [1] Archived 22 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, [2]

[Prof._Dr._Hiroko_Kudo-11] Hiroko Kudo, “Autonomy and Managerial Innovation in Italian Regions after Constitutional Reform”, Chuo University, Faculty of Law and Graduate School of Public Policy (2008): p. 1. Retrieved on 6 April 2012 from http://www.med-eu.org/proceedings/MED1/Kudo.pdf Archived 17 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine.

[12] "senato.it - XVII Legislatura - Senatori eletti nella regione Piemonte". www.senato.it.

[GDP_per_capita_in_the_EU_in_2011-13] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "GDP per capita in the EU in 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2014.

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show v t Regions of Italy
Central	Lazio Marche Tuscany Umbria
Northeast	Emilia-Romagna Friuli-Venezia Giulia¹ Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol¹ Veneto
Northwest	Aosta Valley¹ Liguria Lombardy Piedmont
South	Abruzzo Apulia Basilicata Calabria Campania Molise
Insular	Sardinia¹ Sicily¹
¹ Special statutes

show v t Regions of Europe
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Lithuania Malta Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom
States with limited recognition
Dependencies and other entities	Faroe Islands

show v t First-level administrative divisions in European countries
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia² Austria Azerbaijan¹ Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus² Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia¹ Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan¹ Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia¹ San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey¹ Ukraine United Kingdom
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia² Artsakh² Kosovo Northern Cyprus² South Ossetia² Transnistria
Table of administrative divisions by country ¹ Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent. ² Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.