1820

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
  • 1817
  • 1818
  • 1819
  • 1820
  • 1821
  • 1822
  • 1823
1820 in topic
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1820 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1820
MDCCCXX
Ab urbe condita2573
Armenian calendar1269
ԹՎ ՌՄԿԹ
Assyrian calendar6570
Balinese saka calendar1741–1742
Bengali calendar1227
Berber calendar2770
British Regnal year60 Geo. 3 – 1 Geo. 4
Buddhist calendar2364
Burmese calendar1182
Byzantine calendar7328–7329
Chinese calendar己卯年 (Earth Rabbit)
4516 or 4456
    — to —
庚辰年 (Metal Dragon)
4517 or 4457
Coptic calendar1536–1537
Discordian calendar2986
Ethiopian calendar1812–1813
Hebrew calendar5580–5581
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1876–1877
 - Shaka Samvat1741–1742
 - Kali Yuga4920–4921
Holocene calendar11820
Igbo calendar820–821
Iranian calendar1198–1199
Islamic calendar1235–1236
Japanese calendarBunsei 3
(文政３年)
Javanese calendar1747–1748
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4153
Minguo calendar92 before ROC
民前92年
Nanakshahi calendar352
Thai solar calendar2362–2363
Tibetan calendar阴土兔年
(female Earth-Rabbit)
1946 or 1565 or 793
    — to —
阳金龙年
(male Iron-Dragon)
1947 or 1566 or 794
February 6: Capture of Valdivia

1820 (MDCCCXX) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1820th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 820th year of the 2nd millennium, the 20th year of the 19th century, and the 1st year of the 1820s decade. As of the start of 1820, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events[]

January–March[]

February 23: Cato Street Conspiracy

April–June[]

  • April – Hans Christian Ørsted discovers the relationship between electricity and magnetism.
  • April 1 – A proclamation, signed "By order of the Committee of Organisation for forming a Provisional Government", begins the "Radical War" in Scotland.
  • April 8 – The statue of the Venus de Milo (Aphrodite of Milos, c.150 BC-125 BC) is discovered on the Greek island of Milos, by a peasant named Yorgos Kentrotas.[8]
  • April 12 – Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.
  • April 15 – King William I of Württemberg marries his cousin, Pauline Therese, in Stuttgart.
  • May 1 – The last hanging, drawing and quartering in Britain is meted out to the Cato Street conspirators for treason (only hanged and beheaded).
  • May 11 – HMS Beagle (the ship that will later take young Charles Darwin on his scientific voyage) is launched at Woolwich Dockyard.
  • May 20 – John Stuart Mill sets out on his formative boyhood trip to France.
  • June 5 – Caroline of Brunswick, the estranged wife of King George IV of the United Kingdom, returns to England after six years abroad in Italy, where she had been carrying on an affair; since ascending the throne in January, the King has sought to receive his government's approval for a divorce.[9]
  • June 10 – Sir Thomas Munro is appointed as the British colonial Governor of the Madras Presidency, which encompasses most of southern India.[10]
  • June 12
    • Élie Decazes, leader of the opposition in France's Chamber of Deputies, successfully introduces the "Law of the Double Vote", a proposal to add to the 258 existing legislators by creating 172 seats that would be "selected by special electoral colleges" made up of the wealthiest 25% of voters in each of France's departments.[11]
    • Delegates in St. Louis, Missouri Territory approve a proposed state constitution, proclaiming that they "do mutually agree to form and establish a free and independent republic, by the name of "The State of Missouri".[12]
  • June 29 – The cause of action that will lead to the U.S. Supreme Court case known simply as The Antelope arises, when a U.S. Treasury cutter captures a ship of the same name, which is transporting 281 Africans who had been captured as slaves, in violation of the 1808 U.S. law prohibiting the slave trade.[13]

July–September[]

  • July 13 – A revolt under Guglielmo Pepe forces Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies to sign a constitution modeled on the Spanish Constitution of 1812.[4]
  • July 20 – Saint Cronan's Boys' National School opens in Bray, Co. Wicklow, Ireland under the title Bray Male School. It is the oldest school in Bray, and its notable pupils will include President of Ireland Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh.
  • July 26 – Union Chain Bridge, a wrought iron suspension bridge designed by Captain Samuel Brown, opens across the River Tweed, between England and Scotland. Its span of 449 ft (137 m) is the world's longest for a vehicular bridge at this time.[14]
  • July 31 – A fire breaks out in the wine depot at the Bercy section of Paris. It is reported later that "In the absence of water to supply the engines, an attempt was made to extinguish the flames with wine— of which a lake of 50 ft. square and more than a foot deep was formed; but the fire continued to rage, as well it might, being supplied by alcohol, and great destruction of property resulted.[5]
  • August 24 – A Constitutionalist insurrection breaks out at Oporto, Portugal.
  • September 2 – The Daoguang Emperor succeeds to the throne of China (Qing Dynasty).
  • September 5 - José Gervasio Artigas flees to Paraguay.
  • September 15 – Revolution breaks out in Lisbon, against John VI of Portugal.[15]

October–December[]

  • October 9 – Guayaquil declares independence from Spain.
  • October 25 – November 20 – The Congress of Troppau (Opava) is convened between the rulers of Russia, Austria and Prussia.[16]
  • November 17 - Captain Nathaniel Palmer becomes the first American to see Antarctica. (The Palmer Peninsula is later named after him.)[17]
  • November 20 – After the sinking of the American whaleship Essex of Nantucket, by a sperm whale in the southern Pacific Ocean, the survivors are left afloat in three small whaleboats. They eventually resort, by common consent, to cannibalism to allow some to survive.
  • December 3 – U.S. presidential election, 1820: James Monroe is re-elected, virtually unopposed.

Date unknown[]

Births[]

January–June[]

William Sherman
Susan B. Anthony
Herbert Spencer
Florence Nightingale

July–December[]

Friedrich Engels
  • July 5 – William John Macquorn Rankine, Scottish physicist, engineer (d. 1872)
  • July 22 – Oliver Mowat, Canadian lawyer, politician (d. 1903)
  • July 23 – Julia Gardiner Tyler, First Lady of the United States (d. 1889)
  • July 25 – Henry Doulton, English potter (d. 1897)[34]
  • September 17
    • Émile Augier, French dramatist (d. 1889)[35]
    • Earl van Dorn, American Confederate general (d. 1863)
  • September 20 – John F. Reynolds, American general (d. 1863)
  • September 27 – Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel, German classical scholar (d. 1878)
  • September 29 – Henri, Count of Chambord, claimant to the French throne (d. 1883)[36]
  • October 5 – David Wilber, American politician (d. 1890)
  • October 6 – Jenny Lind, Swedish soprano (d. 1887)[37]
  • October 16 – Gillis Bildt, 5th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1894)[38]
  • October 20 – Benjamin F. Cheatham, American Confederate general (d. 1886)
  • November 23
    • Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician (d. 1884)
    • Ludwig von Hagn, German painter (d. 1898)[39]
  • November 28 – Friedrich Engels, German social philosopher (d. 1895)[40]
  • December 21 – William H. Osborn, American railroad executive (d. 1894)

Date unknown[]

Deaths[]

January–June[]

King George III
  • January 17 – Daniel Albert Wyttenbach, Swiss-born academic (b. 1746)
  • January 29 – King George III of the United Kingdom (b. 1738)
  • February 5 – William Drennan, Irish physician, poet and radical politician (b. 1754)
  • February 11 – Karl von Fischer, German architect (b. 1782)
  • February 14 – Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, French noble (stabbed) (b. 1778)[4]
  • March 11 – Benjamin West, Anglo-American painter of historical scenes (b. 1738)[41]
  • March 22 – Stephen Decatur, American sailor (b. 1779)[42]
  • April 8 – Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, British noble (b. 1771)
  • April 20 – James Morris III, Continental Army officer from Connecticut (b. 1752)
  • May 30 – William Bradley, Britain's tallest ever man (b. 1787)
  • June 6 – Henry Grattan, Irish politician (b. 1746)
  • June 9 – Wilhelmina of Prussia, Princess of Orange (b. 1751)
  • June 19 – Sir Joseph Banks, English naturalist and botanist (b. 1743)[43]
  • June 20 – Manuel Belgrano, Argentine politician, general in the Independence War (b. 1770)[44]

July–December[]

Jiaqing Emperor

References[]

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  2. ^ a b Jones, A. G. E. (1982). Antarctica Observed: who discovered the Antarctic Continent?. Caedmon of Whitby. ISBN 0-905355-25-3.
  3. ^ William George Lovell (2005). Conquest and Survival in Colonial Guatemala: A Historical Geography of the Cuchumatán Highlands, 1500-1821. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-7735-2741-6.
  4. ^ a b c Alexander Charles Ewald (1868). The Last Century of Universal History: A Reference Book, Containing an Annotated Table of Chronology, Lists of Contemporary Sovereigns, a Dictionary of Battles and Sieges, and Biographical Notes of Eminent In-dividuals. From 1767 to 1867. F. Warne & Company. p. 67.
  5. ^ a b "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) pp69
  6. ^ Lefgren, J. C. (October 2002). "Oh, How Lovely Was the Morning: Sun 26 Mar 1820?". Meridian Magazine. (available at http://www.johnpratt.com/items/docs/lds/meridian/2002/vision.html)
  7. ^ Randal S. Chase (August 15, 2014). Pearl of Great Price Study Guide: Moses, Abraham, The Last Days, and Joseph Smith. Plain & Precious Publishing. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-937901-33-2.
  8. ^ School Arts. Davis Publications. 1922. p. 444.
  9. ^ Christopher Hibbert, Wellington: A Personal History (Da Capo Press, 1999) p220
  10. ^ T. H. Beaglehole, Thomas Munro and the Development of Administrative Policy in Madras 1792-1818 (Cambridge University Press, 22010) p121
  11. ^ Munro Price, The Perilous Crown: France Between Revolutions, 1814-1848 (Pan Macmillan, 2010) p108
  12. ^ "Missouri", in Constitutional Documents of the United States of America 1776-1860", ed. by Horst Dippel (K. G. Saur, 2007) p221
  13. ^ "Antelope Case", by John T. Noonan, Jr., in Dictionary of Afro-American Slavery, (Greenwood, 1997) p66
  14. ^ Drewry, Charles Stewart (1832). "Section III". A Memoir of Suspension Bridges: Comprising The History Of Their Origin And Progress. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman. pp. 37–41. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
  15. ^ Matthew Anthony Fitzsimons; Jean Bécarud (1969). The Catholic Church Today: Western Europe. University of Notre Dame Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-268-00307-4.
  16. ^ Paul W. Schroeder (January 1, 1962). Metternich's Diplomacy at its Zenith, 1820-1823: Austria and the Congresses of Troppau, Laibach, and Verona. University of Texas Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-292-75034-0.
  17. ^ Oversight Visit to the Southern Pacific Rim: Report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, Second Session. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1991. p. 11.
  18. ^ The South Atlantic Crisis: Background, Consequences, Documentation : August 1982. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, Editorial Division. 1982. p. 4.
  19. ^ Michele Wagner (2002). Haiti. G. Stevens. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-8368-2351-6.
  20. ^ "Anne Brontë | British author". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
  21. ^ Calendar of Spanish Anniversaries. Tardy publishing Company, Incorporated. 1935.
  22. ^ William Tecumseh Sherman (1891). Memoirs of Gen. William T. Sherman: By Himself. To which are Added Chapters Completing His Life and Including His Funeral Obsequies by W. Fletcher Johnson and Carefully Reviewed by Major-General O. O. Howard. D. Appleton. pp. 438–.
  23. ^ United States. Congress (1966). Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 3217.
  24. ^ Frank Moore Colby; Harry Thurston Peck (1902). The International Year Book. Dodd, Mead. p. 646.
  25. ^ The Musical Monitor. Mrs. David Allen Campbell. 1918. p. 620.
  26. ^ Sir John Tenniel. Bradbury, Agnew & Company. 1914. p. 1863.
  27. ^ Multatuli (1982). Max Havelaar, Or, The Coffee Auctions of the Dutch Trading Company. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 339.
  28. ^ The Statesman's Year-book. Palgrave. 1867. p. 323.
  29. ^ Southeastern Europe: L'Europe Du Sud-Est. Arizona State University. 1974. p. 3.
  30. ^ Daniel Greenleaf Thompson (1889). Herbert Spencer: His Life, Writings, and Philosophy. G.H. Ellis. p. 4.
  31. ^ Edwin Francis Hatfield (1884). The Poets of the Church: A Series of Biographical Sketches of Hymn-writers with Notes on Their Hymns. A. D. F. Randolph. p. 133.
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  36. ^ Lucian Edward HENRY (1862). Europe in 1882: out of the shadow. The Royal Family of France. Twelve lectures on current French History. G. Bishop. p. 66.
  37. ^ The Musicians's Year Book. E.P. Dutton. 1895. p. 145.
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  39. ^ Munich. Schackgalerie (1911). Schack Gallery in Munich: In the Possession of His Majesty the German Emperor, King of Prussia. G. Hirth. p. 69.
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  43. ^ Edward Edwards (1870). Lives of the Founders of the British Museum (etc.) 1570-1870. Trübner. p. 28.
  44. ^ United States. Office of Inter-American Affairs (1945). Air-Mail Feature and Radio Service. p. 2.
  45. ^ David Mason Greene; Constance Green (1985). Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers. Reproducing Piano Roll Fnd. p. 427. ISBN 978-0-385-14278-6.
  46. ^ The History of Pike County, Missouri: An Encyclopedia of Useful Information, and a Compendium of Actual Facts. Mills & Company. 1883. p. 200.
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