Cannabichromene

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Cannabichromene
(RS)-Cannabichromene.svg
Names
IUPAC name
2-Methyl-2-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-7-pentyl-5-chromenol
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.236.929 Edit this at Wikidata
PubChem CID
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
SMILES
Properties
Chemical formula
 C21H30O2
Molar mass 314.469 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Cannabichromene (CBC), also called cannabichrome, cannanbichromene, pentylcannabichromene or cannabinochromene,[1] is one of the hundreds of cannabinoids found in the Cannabis plant,[2] and is therefore a phytocannabinoid. It bears structural similarity to the other natural cannabinoids, including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol (CBN), among others.[2][3] CBC and its derivatives are as abundant as cannabinols in cannabis.[2] It is not scheduled by the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. It is more common in tropical cannabis varieties.[citation needed]

Biosynthesis[]

Within the Cannabis plant, CBC occurs mainly as cannabichromenic acid (CBCA, 2-COOH-CBC, CBC-COOH). Geranyl pyrophosphate and olivetolic acid combine to produce cannabigerolic acid (CBGA; the sole intermediate for all other phytocannabinoids), which is cyclized by the enzyme CBCA synthase to form CBCA. Over time, or when heated above 200° F, CBCA is decarboxylated, producing CBC. See also the biosynthetic scheme image below.[citation needed]

CBC biosynthetic scheme

Pharmacology[]

CBC is non-psychoactive and does not affect the psychoactivity of THC.[4] CBC acts on the TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors, interfering with their ability to break down endocannabinoids (chemicals such as anandamide and 2-AG that the body creates naturally).[5] CBC has shown antitumor effects in breast cancer xenoplants in mice.[6]

As of 2017, CBC is under laboratory research to identify its possible pharmacological properties. No in vivo human studies exist as of 2019.[1][2][7][8] In vitro, CBC is not active at CB1 or CB2 receptors, but is an agonist of TRPA1 and less potently, an agonist of TRPV3 and TRPV4.[2] CBC has two stereoisomers.

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "Cannabichromene". PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 February 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Turner, Sarah E.; Williams, Claire M.; Iversen, Leslie; Whalley, Benjamin J. (2017). "Molecular Pharmacology of Phytocannabinoids". In Kinghorn, A. Douglas; Falk, Heinz; Gibbons, Simon; Kobayashi, Jun'ichi (eds.). Phytocannabinoids: Unraveling the Complex Chemistry and Pharmacology of Cannabis sativa. Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products. 103. Springer International Publishing. pp. 61–101. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_3. ISBN 978-3-319-45539-6. PMID 28120231.
  3. ^ Aizpurua-Olaizola, Oier; Soydaner, Umut; Öztürk, Ekin; Schibano, Daniele; Simsir, Yilmaz; Navarro, Patricia; Etxebarria, Nestor; Usobiaga, Aresatz (2016). "Evolution of the Cannabinoid and Terpene Content during the Growth of Cannabis sativa Plants from Different Chemotypes". Journal of Natural Products. 79 (2): 324–331. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00949. PMID 26836472.
  4. ^ Ilan AB, Gevins A, Coleman M, ElSohly MA, de Wit H (September 2005). "Neurophysiological and subjective profile of marijuana with varying concentrations of cannabinoids". Behavioural Pharmacology. 16 (5–6): 487–96. doi:10.1097/00008877-200509000-00023. PMID 16148455. S2CID 827221.
  5. ^ "What Is CBC (Cannabichromene)?". CNBS. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
  6. ^ Ligresti, A.; Moriello, A. S.; Starowicz, K.; Matias, I.; Pisanti, S.; De Petrocellis, L.; Laezza, C.; Portella, G.; Bifulco, M.; Di Marzo, V. (2006-09-01). "Antitumor Activity of Plant Cannabinoids with Emphasis on the Effect of Cannabidiol on Human Breast Carcinoma | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics". Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 318 (3): 1375–1387. doi:10.1124/jpet.106.105247. PMID 16728591. S2CID 1341744.
  7. ^ Morales, Paula; Hurst, Dow P.; Reggio, Patricia H. (2017). "Molecular Targets of the Phytocannabinoids: A Complex Picture". In Kinghorn, A. Douglas; Falk, Heinz; Gibbons, Simon; Kobayashi, Jun'ichi (eds.). Phytocannabinoids: Unraveling the Complex Chemistry and Pharmacology of Cannabis sativa. Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products. 103. Springer International Publishing. pp. 103–131. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_4. ISBN 978-3-319-45539-6. PMC 5345356. PMID 28120232.
  8. ^ Delong, G. T.; Wolf, C. E.; Poklis, A.; Lichtman, A. H. (2010). "Pharmacological evaluation of the natural constituent of Cannabis sativa, cannabichromene and its modulation by Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 112 (1–2): 126–33. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.05.019. PMC 2967639. PMID 20619971.
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