Line 1 (Beijing Subway)

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Line 1
BJS Line 1 icon.svg
Platform of Tian'anmen East Station (20200416103449).jpg
Tiananmen East station platform
Overview
Other name(s)M1 (planned name)
Fuba line (Chinese: 复八线, for Fuxing Men to Sihui Dong (E) section)
StatusOperational
LocaleChaoyang, Dongcheng, Xicheng, Haidian, and Shijingshan districts
Beijing
TerminiGucheng (Pingguo Yuan reopens in 2021)
Sihui Dong (E)
Stations23
Service
TypeRapid transit
SystemBeijing Subway
Operator(s)Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp., Ltd.
Depot(s)Guchenglu, Sihui Depots[1][2]
Rolling stock6-car Type B (DKZ4, SFM04)
Daily ridership1,234,900 (2014 Avg.)[3]
1,536,900 (2014 Peak)[4][5]
History
OpenedJanuary 15, 1971; 50 years ago (1971-01-15)
Technical
Line length31.04 km (19.29 mi)[6]
CharacterUnderground, at-grade[a]
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Operating speed80 km/h (maximum service speed)
Route map

Legend
connects Fengsha railway to Sanjiadian
101 Gaojing
no regular train services above
 102 Fushouling (under renovation, to be reopened 2021)
Yongding River diversion canal
Line S1 (to be opened 28 Dec 2021)
Left arrow Shichang
Line 6 (not opened)
Left arrow Jin'an Qiao – Lucheng Right arrow
 103 Pingguo Yuan (closed for renovation)
connects
Gucheng deopt
104 Gucheng
101 railway (for military purpose only)
105 Bajiao Amusement Park
106 Babaoshan
107 Yuquan Lu
108 Wukesong
109 Wanshou Lu
110 Gongzhufen
Line 10
Left arrow outer – inner Right arrow
 111 Military Museum
Line 9
Left arrow Guogongzhuang – National Library Right arrow
Yongding River diversion canal
 112 Muxidi
Line 16 (to be opened 2022)
Left arrow Wanpingcheng – Bei'anhe Right arrow
 113 Nanlishi Lu
connects Line 2
 114 Fuxing Men
Line 2
Left arrow outer – inner Right arrow
Line 19 crossing
Line 4
 115 Xidan
Left arrow Tiangong Yuan – Anheqiao Bei (N) Right arrow
 116 Tian'anmen Xi (W)
117 Tian'anmen Dong (E)
118 Wangfujing
Line 8 (to be opened 2021)
Left arrow Yinghai – Zhuxinzhuang Right arrow
connects Line 5
Line 5
 119 Dongdan
Left arrow Songjiazhuang – Tiantongyuan Bei (N) Right arrow
 120 Jianguo Men
Line 2
Left arrow inner – outer Right arrow
connects Line 2
 121 Yong'an Li
Line 17 (to be opened 2022)
Left arrow – Right arrow
 122 Guomao
Line 10
Left arrow inner – outer Right arrow
 123 Dawang Lu
Line 14
Left arrow Beijing South railway station – Shan'gezhuang Right arrow
124 Sihui
Batong line (through operation to Line 1)
connects Batong line (through operation to Line 1) (for depot trains only)
Sihui depot
Through operation
with Batong line (through operation to Line 1)
 125 Sihui Dong (E)
Batong line (through operation to Line 1)
Shuangsha railway
Universal Resort Down arrow
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Line 1 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁1号线; pinyin: běijīng dìtiě yīhào xiàn) is the oldest and one of the busiest lines of Beijing's mass transit rail network. Line 1 runs underneath Chang'an Avenue, the city's grand east–west thoroughfare, right through the heart of Beijing with stops on either side of Tiananmen Square. Line 1's color is red. Through operation with the Batong line started on August 29, 2021.[7]

Ridership[]

As the oldest line of the Beijing Subway, Line 1 was also the most heavily used from the time the subway opened in 1971 until January 2013, when the near-completion of the Line 10 loop caused ridership on that line to surge past Line 1. Recent traffic relief efforts have been completed in recent years. The opening of the first phase of the parallel Line 6, caused an 8.46% decrease in daily demand and a 10-20% reduction in peak flow during rush hour.[8] In addition Beijing BRT line 2 parallels the eastern section of Line 1. However, during peak hours, sections of the line were reported in 2013 to still operate above 100% capacity.[8]

Hours of operation[]

The first east-bound trains departs from Gucheng at 4:58 am and Pingguoyuan at 5:10 am. The first west-bound train departs Sihui at 4:56 am and Sihui East at 5:05 am. The last east-bound train leaves Pingguoyuan at 10:55 pm. The last west-bound train leaves Sihui East at 11:15 pm.[9]

Route[]

Line 1's western terminus is Pingguo Yuan, located in Shijingshan District. The line heads southeast to its second stop at Gucheng and from there runs straight east, following Chang'an Avenue all the way to its eastern terminus, Sihui Dong (E) in Chaoyang District, just beyond the 4th Ring Road. The line passes through Xidan, Wangfujing and Dongdan, among other important commercial centers of Xicheng and Dongcheng Districts, as well as the Beijing CBD near the China World Trade Center. The line is 31.04 km (19.29 mi)[6] in length with 23 stations in operation. All stations except for Sihui and Sihui Dong (E) are underground.

Stations[]

Station list for Line 1 and Batong line of Beijing Subway, after the through operation started on August 29, 2021.[7]
● Normal: Gucheng — Universal Resort
● Morning rush hour: Gongzhufen — Guoyuan
● Evening rush hour: Gucheng — Guoyuan

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Line Name Service
routes 		Station Name Connections Nearby Bus Stops Distance
km[10] 		Location
English Chinese
Line 1 Fushouling
(Opening 2022-2023) 		福寿岭 -1.6 Shijingshan
Pingguo Yuan
(Under renovation) 		苹果园 325 336 358 370 396 399 472 527 597 664 876 892 929 931 932 941快 948 961 972 977 977快 981 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M11 M16 M20 M22 0.000 0.000
● ● Gucheng 古城 318 327 337 399 597 941 958 959 992 夜5 专61 专108 2.606 2.606
● ● Bajiao Amusement Park 八角游乐园 325 327 337 373 436 472 527 545 574 597 598 663 914 941 958 959 965 992 夜5 专46 专86 专91 1.921 4.527
● ● Babaoshan 八宝山 1 76 337 373 527 545 546 574 597 610 914 941 951 961 979 夜1 专69 专109 专150 1.953 6.480
● ● Yuquan Lu 玉泉路 1 76 78 337 338 354 370 373 389 436 452 472 473 481 507 610 612 644 941 941快 979 夜1 专11 1.479 7.959
● ● Wukesong 五棵松 1 64 76 97 337 370 436 568 585 624 740 952 967 982 983 特9 夜1 专127 1.810 9.769 Haidian
● ● Wanshou Lu 万寿路 1 32 33 64 68 76 77 89 308 335 337 370 624 627 夜1 夜5 夜16 1.778 11.547
● ● ● Gongzhufen 公主坟  10  1 32 33 40 52 62 64 68 74 76 77 89 94 134 300 300快 308 323 335 337 370 374 394 437 603 624 631快 698 977 977快 特8 夜1 夜5 夜30 1.313 12.860
● ● ● Military Museum 军事博物馆  9  1 21 40 52 65 68 78 85 94 308 414 夜1 夜5 夜8 1.172 14.032
● ● ● Muxidi 木樨地 1 21 32 52 65 68 78 85 94 114 308 320 夜1 夜8 1.166 15.198 Xicheng
● ● ● Nanlishi Lu 南礼士路 1 3 10 15 19 42 46 49 52 56 夜1 夜8 夜12 1.291 16.489
● ● ● Fuxing Men 复兴门  2  1 10 15 44 49 52 332 387 395 423 691 694 特12 夜1 夜20 专191 0.424 16.913
● ● ● Xidan 西单  4  1 15 22 52 70 83 88 102 105 109 特13 夜1 夜4 夜10 1.590 18.503
● ● ● Tian'anmen Xi (W) 天安门西 1 5 52 观光1 观光2 夜1 1.217 19.720
● ● ● Tian'anmen Dong (E) 天安门东 1 2 52 82 120 观光1 观光2 夜1 夜2 夜17 0.925 20.645 Dongcheng
● ● ● Wangfujing 王府井 1 41 52 103 120 观光2 特11 夜1 夜17 夜18 夜21 0.852 21.497
● ● ● Dongdan 东单  5  1 39 41 52 104 106 108 110 111 116 120 128 140 684 夜1 夜10 夜17 0.774 22.271
● ● ● Jianguo Men 建国门  2  1 20 39 43 44 52 58 120 122 126 139 140 403 637 638 639 804 特2 特12 夜1 夜10 夜19 夜20 夜24 夜28 夜29 1.230 23.501 Dongcheng
● ● ● Yong'an Li 永安里 1 9 28 43 58 120 126 140 403 639 668 夜1 夜24 1.377 24.878 Chaoyang
● ● ● Guomao 国贸  10  1 9 11 28 57 58 72 98 113 348 382 388 402 405 421 488 561 647 650 666 667 668 669 687 804 805快 806 807 808 809 814 816 817 818 818快 846 848 930 938快 976 特8 夜1 夜27 夜30 专10 0.790 25.668
● ● ● Dawang Lu 大望路  14  1 11 30 31 54 57 58 138 382 388 405 421 486 605 647 666 667 668 812 815 815快 816 817 818 818快 930 973 985 988 夜1 夜25 夜27 夜34 专141 专165 1.385 27.053
● ● ● Sihui 四惠 1 57 58 322 363 397 405 455 468 475 496 506 517 553 605 657 666 671 865 988 989 夜1 夜27 专113 专167 1.673 28.726
● ● ● Sihui Dong (E) 四惠东 363 397 468 475 506 517 553 666 夜27 专141 1.714 30.440
Batong line ● ● ● Gaobeidian 高碑店 363 397 475 506 517 666 夜27 专141 1.375 31.815
● ● ● Communication Univ. of China 传媒大学 397 475 506 666 夜27 专36 2.002 33.817
● ● ● Shuang Qiao 双桥 382 397 411 451 475 506 666 夜27 1.894 35.711
● ● ● Guaanzhuang 管庄 364 388 442 532 615 666 690 BRT2(快速公交2) 夜27 专39 1.912 37.623
● ● ● Bali Qiao 八里桥 322 615 647 666 668 807 夜27 1.763 39.386
● ● ● Tongzhou Beiyuan 通州北苑 316 317 322 372 591 615 647 666 667 668 804 805 806 808 809 810 811 924 938 通1 通2 通3 通4 通10 通11 通12 通13 通19 通21 通22 通25 通27 通37 通51 通90 T118 夜27 专157 1.700 41.086 Tongzhou
● ● ● Guoyuan 果园 312 316 317 552 591 668 805 938 通10 通11 通12 通19 通27 通36 通68 T103 T118 夜29 1.465 42.551
● Jiukeshu 九棵树 372 582 587 668 805 810 938 通5 通7 通9 通10 通13 通14 通14专 通15 通18 通21 通22 通25 通27 通35 通41 通43 通44 通45 通46 通64 通90 T101 T102 T103 T113 T117 0.990 43.541
● Liyuan 梨园 372 587 589 647 668 805 806 810 938 通5 通7 通9 通10 通13 通14 通14专 通15 通18 通21 通22 通25 通27 通34 通35 通41 通43 通53 通64 通90 T101 T102 T103 T109 1.225 44.766
● Linheli 临河里 435 587 589 591 806 810 924 938 通4 通9 通13 通14 通14专 通15 通21 通22 通25 通27 通34 通38 通41 通43 通53 通64 通90 T101 T102 T107 T116 T118 专173 专203 1.257 46.023
● Tu Qiao 土桥 435 591 805 806 807 810 910 924 938 通5 通6 通9 通13 通14 通14专 通15 通21 通22 通25 通27 通34 通38 通41 通43 通50 通53 通64 通90 T101 T103 T105 T107 T108 T112 T115 T116 T118 0.776 46.799
● Huazhuang 花庄  7  589 806 通14 通15 通25 通34 通43 通53 通90 T101 T102 T116 2.238 49.037
● Universal Resort 环球度假区  7  589 T116[11] 1.863 50.900
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History[]

Yuquanlu Station, Opened on August 5, 1971. The first phase of the Beijing subway project groundbreaking ceremony was held west of Yuquanlu Road.

The first section of subway in Beijing officially started trial operation on January 15, 1971. It was 10.7 km (6.6 mi) long and ran between Beijing railway station to Gongzhufen,[b] which today is a section of Line 1 and 2.[12] A few months later, on August 15, 1971 the line was extended 3 stations west, to Yuquan Lu. The line was extended again to Gucheng in November. On April 23, 1973, the line was extended Pingguo Yuan, at this point the line is 23.6 km (14.7 mi) long with 17 stations.[12] On September 15, 1981 the line was again extended westward to Fushouling creating a 27.6 km (17.1 mi) long line with 19 stations. The line was transferred to the newly created Beijing Mass Transit Operation Corporation and was officially opened to the public, ending the decade long trial operation period. By 1981, the annual passenger volume of Beijing Subway was 64.66 million passengers, with a daily average of 177,000 passenger trips.[13]

On August 15, 1986, the second phase of subway construction started and a feasibility study on the construction of the new line between of Fuxingmen to Bawangfen (Today's Beijing CBD) was carried out. A new branch heading east to a new station, Fuxing Men, was completed between Nanlishi Lu and Changchun Jie stations on December 28, 1987. The section between Changchun Jie and Beijing railway station was transferred to the newly created Line 2 and Line 1 ran between Pingguoyuan and Fuxingmen stations. In January 1991, the feasibility study report on the construction of a new line between Fuxingmen to Bawangfen was approved with construction of the new "Fuba line", starting in June 1992. On December 12, 1992, Line 1 was extended east for one station to Xidan. In 1994, Line 1's signals were upgraded to automatic train protection system.[14] On September 28, 1999, the first section of the Fuba line between Tian'anmen Xi (W) to Sihui Dong (E) was opened. On June 28, 2000, the section between Xidan and Tian'anmen Xi (W) stations opened, merging Line 1 and the Fuba Line to create a 31 km (19 mi) line with 23 stations.[14]

Segment Commencement Length Station(s) Name
Gongzhufen — Beijing Railway Station 1 October 1969[c] 10.7 km (6.65 mi) 10 Phase 1 (initial section)
Yuquanlu — Gongzhufen 5 August 1971 4.9 km (3.04 mi) 3 Yuquanlu extension
Gucheng — Yuquanlu 7 November 1971 5.4 km (3.36 mi) 3 Gucheng extension
Pingguoyuan — Gucheng 23 April 1973 3.7 km (2.30 mi) 1 Pingguoyuan extension
Nanlishilu — Fuxingmen 28 December 1987 0.4 km (0.25 mi) 1 Line 1 & 2 realignment project
Changchunjie — Beijing Railway Station −6.1 km (−3.79 mi) -6
Fuxingmen — Xidan 12 December 1992 1.6 km (0.99 mi) 1 Xidan extension
Tian'anmen West — Sihui East 28 September 1999 10.1 km (6.28 mi) 10 Fuba line
Xidan — Tian'anmen West 28 June 2000 1.3 km (0.81 mi) 2 Line 1 & Fuba line merging project
Line 1 train at Wangfujing in 2007.
In 1992, Line 1 was extended east one station to Xidan.
Platform of Tian'anmen East station

Platform screen doors[]

In 2017, platform screen doors were installed on the platform of Line 1.

Due to platform congestion and suicides, a proposal was made in 2010 to refit all stations on Line 1 with platform screen doors.[15] However, the ventilation system in the older stations of Line 1 was incompatible with full-height platform screen doors, so half height platform screen doors were chosen instead.[16] In the meantime between 2014 and 2015, Line 1 again upgraded its signals to a communications-based train control system allowing trains to run headways down to 2 minutes during rush hour. In July 2016, the operator began installing platform screen doors on Line 1.[17] In 2016, the platform screen doors was installed at Yong'anli station.[18] By the end of 2017, all stations except Pingguo Yuan were retrofitted with half-height platform screen doors, and all the screen doors were put into operation for the first time.[19]

Through operations with the Batong line[]

Route display reserved for through service from Pingguo Yuan to Universal Resort

In 2010, a CPPCC member Chen Dingwang, proposed that services on Line 1 and the Batong line should directly link, with through operations, reducing travel times and removing the unnecessary forced transfers at Sihui Dong (E) or Sihui.[20] However, the Beijing Subway responded that Line 1's and Batong's signal systems are completely different, so through-operation will be more difficult to achieve, from an engineering standpoint. As of 2016, preliminary design and feasibility studies are underway to allow for through operations between Line 1 and Batong.[21] On June 12, 2020, the project of the through operation of Line 1 and Batong line was approved by Beijing Development and Reform Commission.[22] Through operation with the Batong line started on 29 August 2021.[7]

Other facilities[]

Rolling stock for Line 1 is maintained at Gucheng and Sihui.

Restricted stations[]

Main article: Beijing Subway restricted stations

Beyond Pingguo Yuan, Line 1 extends further northwest where it has several other stations: Gaojing (高井) and Fushouling (福寿岭). Gaojing are in the military region. Fushouling is actually outside the military region. These stations are not open for public use.

Fushouling station will open to public in 2022-2023.[23]

Future plans[]

Increasing capacity[]

The platforms of some Line 1 stations are much longer than the trains used on the line.

Due to Line 1's severe overcapacity problem, there are plans to introduce seven-car or longer trains.[24] In order for this plan to proceed the oldest section of Line 1 between Pingguo Yuan and Nanlishi Lu, which only has platforms long enough to accommodate six-car trains, will need to be lengthened. The newer section between Fuxing Men and Sihui Dong (E), built as Fuba Line, has platforms long enough for 8 car trains. Due to the high cost of extending the platforms of the underground stations the plan is currently put on hold. In the future a parallel express line called Line 18 will run beside or under Line 1 stopping only at major stations.

Rolling Stock[]

Main article: Beijing Subway rolling stock

Current[]

Model Image Manufacturer Year Built Year Refurbished Amount in Service Fleet Numbers Depot
DKZ4 S401 leaving Sihui (20210421101850).jpg CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles
Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment 		1998 2007
2010-2012
2015-2016
2020-2021 		31 S401–S431
(01 001–01 031) 		Sihui
SFM04 01 035 leaving Sihui (20210421103655).jpg CRRC Qingdao Sifang
Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment 		2006 2021 39 G432–G470
(01 032–01 070) 		Gucheng

Former[]

Model Image Manufacturer Year Built Years in service Number Made Fleet Numbers (Before 1996) Fleet Numbers (After 1996) Depot Notes
DK1 BJ001 at Metro Trans 2018 (20180613160419).jpg CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles 1967 N/A 2 001–002 N/A Gucheng Never ran in service due to exceeding the subway's loading gauge.
DK2 Beijing 2042 for drill.JPG 1969–1970 1969–1984 80 201–219 N/A 76 cars were refurbished into DK11.
DK3 1971–1973 1971-2002 50 Un­known G101–G107 Transferred to line 13 and Batong line.
DK8 1982 Un­known 52 401–413 N/A Transferred to line 2.
DK11 DK11 G213.jpg 1984–1985 1984–2008 76 601–619 G201–G207, G2082–G2085, G209–G213
DK20 G109 at TAW.JPG 1994–1995 1994–2012 42 443–449 G108–G114 Originally retired in 2008, reactivated due to DKZ4 trains being overhauled.
BD1 Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment 1990–1992 1990–1994 18 3083–3084, 309–311 N/A Transferred to line 2.
BD2 G120 at Gucheng.JPG 1994–1998 1994–2012 72 450–454 (first batch only) G115–G126 Originally retired in 2008, reactivated due to DKZ4 trains being overhauled.
BD3 1996 1996–2001 2 N/A G2081, G2086 Linked with DK3 cars G2082–G2085.

See also[]

  • Restricted stations of Line 1, Beijing Subway

Notes[]

  1. ^ The section from Sihui to Sihui East is at-grade.
  2. ^ In 1970s, Gongzhufen was called Lixin (立新)
  3. ^ 15 January 1971 - Initial line began operation on a trial basis.

References[]

  1. ^ Gao Yucai (高毓才) (1999). 建设中的北京地铁——地铁"复一八"线. Beijing: China Railways Press (中国铁道出版社). p. 13. ISBN 7-113-03381-4.
  2. ^ Pan Xiaojun (潘晓军) (2013). 北京地铁1号线运输能力挖掘研究. 交通运输系统工程与信息. 13 (4): 200–204.
  3. ^ 客流信息. Beijing Subway. Retrieved 2015-03-20.
  4. ^ "Ridership". Sina. Retrieved 2012-05-03.[permanent dead link]
  5. ^ "Official Ridership". Beijing Subway. Archived from the original on 2012-05-02. Retrieved 2012-05-04.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b "八通线与1号线贯通？年底见分晓". bjnews.com.cn. 2016-11-16.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c "四惠四惠东站无须换乘了！北京地铁1号线、八通线本周日跨线运营". Beijing Daily. 2021-08-25. Archived from the original on 2021-08-25. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b 我市轨道交通网络化运营效果凸显. Beijing Municipal Transportation Committee (北京市交通委员会). 2013-02-07. Archived from the original on 2014-01-09. Retrieved 2013-09-15.
  9. ^ [1] Archived October 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ "站间公里数 北京地铁官方网站".
  11. ^ "589路、T116路延长通告". 2021-08-25. Archived from the original on 2021-08-27.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b 地铁公司大事记1971--1980年. Beijing Subway.
  13. ^ 地铁公司1981--1990年地铁大事记. Retrieved 2011-02-03.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b 地铁公司1991--2000年大事记. Beijing Subway. Archived from the original on 2011-01-31. Retrieved 2011-02-03.
  15. ^ 北京地铁1号2号13号线和八通线将装站台安全门. Sohu. 2010-04-06.
  16. ^ 北京地铁老线加装站台安全门已进入论证阶段. Archived from the original on 2013-04-10. Retrieved 2013-03-09. 大众网 2010-07-04
  17. ^ "Beijing begins installing platform barriers on subway Line 1". China Daily. Xinhua. 2016-07-19. Retrieved 2019-07-11.
  18. ^ 北京地铁1号线站台门 开关2000次后"上岗" - 财经新闻 - 中国网•东海资讯. jiangsu.china.com.cn. Archived from the original on 2016-08-21. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
  19. ^ 1号线全线安全门今日投用 北京地铁全线安全门全部启用. news.sina.com.cn. 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2017-11-09.
  20. ^ 北京地铁八通线一号线有望贯通. 中国网. 2011-09-16.
  21. ^ 北京八通线南延工程初步设计顺利通过评审-千龙网·中国首都网. finance.qianlong.com. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  22. ^ "关于轨道交通1号线与八通线贯通运营工程项目建议书（代可行性研究报告）的批复". Beijing Development and Reform Commission. 2020-06-12. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  23. ^ "1号线福寿岭站进度到底如何，今明两年能否启用". 2021-03-24. 北京市基础设施投资有限公司回复：经核实，目前公司正在政府部门的组织下开展福寿岭站启动的前期工作，计划2021年开工，建设期一到两年
  24. ^ 北京地铁1号线6节车厢将扩至7节. 凤凰网. 2010-12-31.
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