Calcium
Potassium
VGKCs
Blockers
hERG (KCNH2, Kv 11.1)-specific: Ajmaline
Amiodarone
AmmTX3
Astemizole
Azaspiracid
AZD1305
Azimilide
Bedaquiline
BeKm-1
BmTx3
BRL-32872
Chlorpromazine
Cisapride
Clarithromycin
Darifenacin
Dextropropoxyphene
Diallyl trisulfide
Domperidone
E-4031
Ergtoxins
Erythromycin
Gigactonine
Haloperidol
Ketoconazole
Norpropoxyphene
Orphenadrine
Pimozide
PNU-282,987
Promethazine
Quinidine
Ranolazine
Roxithromycin
Sertindole
Solifenacin
Tamulotoxin
Terodiline
Terfenadine
Thioridazine
Tolterodine
Vanoxerine
Vernakalant
Activators
KCNQ (Kv 7) -specific: Flupirtine
Retigabine
IRKs
Blockers
GIRK -specific: Barium
Caramiphen
Cloperastine
Clozapine
Dextromethorphan
Ethosuximide
Ifenprodil
Tertiapin
Tipepidine
Activators
KATP -specific:
Bimakalim
Cromakalim
Diazoxide
Levcromakalim
Minoxidil
Nicorandil
Pinacidil
KCa
Blockers
BKCa -specific: Ethanol (alcohol)
GAL-021
Activators
K2Ps
Blockers
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
Arachidonic acid
Fluoxetine
Norfluoxetine
Activators
Sodium
VGSCs
Blockers
Toxins: Conotoxins
Neosaxitoxin
Saxitoxin
Tetrodotoxin
Zetekitoxin AB
Others: Buprenorphine
Evenamide
Menthol (mint )
Safinamide
Tricyclic antidepressants
Activators
ENaC
Blockers
Amiloride
Benzamil
Triamterene
Activators
ASICs
Blockers
Amiloride
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Chloride
Others
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Transient receptor potential channel modulators
Ionotropic
GABAA
Agonists: (+)-Catechin
Bamaluzole
Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital )
Beta-Alanine
BL-1020
GABA
GABOB
Gaboxadol (THIP)
Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
Ibotenic acid
Isoguvacine
Isonipecotic acid
L-838,417
Lignans (e.g., honokiol )
Methylglyoxal
Monastrol
Muscimol
Nefiracetam
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone )
Org 20599
Phenibut
Picamilon
Progabide
Propofol
Quisqualamine
SL-75102
Taurine
Terpenoids (e.g., borneol )
Thiomuscimol
Tolgabide
Positive modulators (abridged; see here for a full list):
Alcohols (e.g., drinking alcohol , 2M2B )
Anabolic steroids
Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin )
Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital )
Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam )
Bromide compounds (e.g., potassium bromide )
Carbamates (e.g., meprobamate )
Carbamazepine
Chloralose
Chlormezanone
Clomethiazole
Dihydroergolines (e.g., ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine) )
Etazepine
Etifoxine
Fenamates (e.g., mefenamic acid )
Flavonoids (e.g., apigenin , hispidulin )
Fluoxetine
Flupirtine
Imidazoles (e.g., etomidate )
Kava constituents (e.g., kavain )
Lanthanum
Loreclezole
Monastrol
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone , cholesterol , THDOC )
Niacin
Niacinamide
Nonbenzodiazepines (e.g., β-carbolines (e.g., abecarnil ), cyclopyrrolones (e.g., zopiclone ), imidazopyridines (e.g., zolpidem ), pyrazolopyrimidines (e.g., zaleplon ))
Norfluoxetine
Petrichloral
Phenols (e.g., propofol )
Phenytoin
Piperidinediones (e.g., glutethimide )
Propanidid
Pyrazolopyridines (e.g., etazolate )
Quinazolinones (e.g., methaqualone )
Retigabine (ezogabine)
ROD-188
Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin )
Stiripentol
(e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal) )
Topiramate
Valerian constituents (e.g., valerenic acid )
Volatiles /gases (e.g., chloral hydrate , chloroform , diethyl ether , paraldehyde , sevoflurane )
Negative modulators:
11-Ketoprogesterone
17-Phenylandrostenol
α5IA (LS-193,268)
Anabolic steroids
Amiloride
Anisatin
β-Lactams (e.g., penicillins , cephalosporins , carbapenems )
Basmisanil
Bemegride
Bicyclic phosphates (TBPS , TBPO , IPTBO )
BIDN
Bilobalide
Bupropion
Chlorophenylsilatrane
Cicutoxin
Cloflubicyne
Cyclothiazide
DHEA
DHEA-S
Dieldrin
DMCM
EBOB
FG-7142 (ZK-31906)
(e.g., fipronil )
Flavonoids (e.g., amentoflavone , oroxylin A )
Flumazenil
Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin )
Flurothyl
Furosemide
Golexanolone
Iomazenil (123 I)
IPTBO
Isopregnanolone (sepranolone)
L-655,708
Laudanosine
Lindane
Morphine
Morphine-3-glucuronide
MRK-016
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Nicardipine
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens (e.g., apalutamide , bicalutamide , enzalutamide , flutamide , nilutamide )
Oenanthotoxin
Pentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol)
Phenylsilatrane
Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin , picrotoxinin and dihydropicrotoxinin )
Pregnenolone sulfate
PWZ-029
Radequinil
Ro 15-4513
Sarmazenil
Suritozole
TB-21007
TBPS
Terbequinil
TETS
Thujone
Zinc
ZK-93426
GABAA -ρ
Positive modulators: Allopregnanolone
Alphaxolone
ATHDOC
Lanthanides
Metabotropic
GABAB
Antagonists:
CGP-35348
Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
Phaclofen
Saclofen
SCH-50911
SKF-97541
See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
GABAA receptor positive modulators
GABA metabolism/transport modulators
Receptor (ligands )
GlyR
Agonists: β-Alanine
β-ABA (BABA)
Caesium
D -Alanine
D -Serine
GABA
Glycine
Hypotaurine
Ivermectin
L -Alanine
L -Proline
L -Serine
L -Threonine
Milacemide
Picolinic acid
Propofol
Quisqualamine
Sarcosine
Taurine
Positive modulators: Alcohols (e.g., , chlorobutanol (chloretone) , ethanol (alcohol) , tert -butanol (2M2P) , tribromoethanol , trichloroethanol , trifluoroethanol )
Alkylbenzene sulfonate
Anandamide
Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital , sodium thiopental )
Chlormethiazole
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine )
Etomidate
Ginseng constituents (e.g., ginsenosides (e.g., ))
Glutamic acid (glutamate)
Ivermectin
Ketamine
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., alfaxolone , pregnenolone (eltanolone) , pregnenolone acetate , minaxolone , ORG-20599 )
Nitrous oxide
Penicillin G
Propofol
Tamoxifen
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Triclofos
(e.g., atropine , bemesetron , cocaine , , tropisetron , zatosetron )
Volatiles /gases (e.g., chloral hydrate , chloroform , desflurane , diethyl ether (ether) , enflurane , halothane , isoflurane , methoxyflurane , sevoflurane , toluene , trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) , trichloroethylene )
Xenon
Zinc
Antagonists:
Bicuculline
Brucine
Cacotheline
Caffeine
Colchicine
Colubrine
Dendrobine
Endocannabinoids (e.g., 2-AG , anandamide (AEA) )
Gaboxadol (THIP)
Gelsemine
Isobutyric acid
Isonipecotic acid
Laudanosine
Nipecotic acid
Pitrazepin
Quinolines (e.g., , , , , , )
Sinomenine
Strychnine
Thiocolchicoside
Tutin
Negative modulators: Amiloride
Benzodiazepines (e.g., bromazepam , clonazepam , diazepam , flunitrazepam , flurazepam )
Daidzein
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine , nifedipine , nitrendipine )
Furosemide
Genistein
Ginkgo constituents (e.g., bilobalide , ginkgolides (e.g., , ginkgolide B , , , ))
Imipramine
NBQX
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., , , deoxycorticosterone , DHEA sulfate , pregnenolone sulfate , progesterone )
Opioids (e.g., codeine , dextromethorphan , dextrorphan , levomethadone , levorphanol , morphine , oripavine , pethidine , thebaine )
Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin and picrotoxinin )
Riluzole
(e.g., bemesetron , , tropisetron , zatosetron )
Verapamil
Zinc
NMDAR
Transporter (blockers )
See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
GABA receptor modulators
GABAA receptor positive modulators
Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
CAR
Agonists:
Amiodarone
Artemisinin
Carbamazepine
Carvedilol
Chlorpromazine
Chrysin
Clotrimazole
Cyclophosphamide
Cypermethrin
DHEA (prasterone )
Efavirenz
Ellagic acid
Griseofulvin
Methoxychlor
Mifepristone
Nefazodone
Nevirapine
Nicardipine
Permethrin
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone)
Reserpine
Telmisartan
Tolnaftate
Troglitazone
Valproic acid
Antagonists:
3α-Androstenol
AITC
Ethinylestradiol
Meclizine
Okadaic acid
PK-11195
PXR
Antagonists: Ketoconazole
Sesamin
See also
Receptor/signaling modulators