Imepitoin Trade names Pexion Other names AWD 131-138; ELB-138 Routes of administration Oral ATCvet code
3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-morpholin-4-yl-4H -imidazol-2-one
CAS Number PubChem CID ChemSpider UNII ChEMBL CompTox Dashboard (EPA ) ECHA InfoCard 100.220.751 Formula C 13 H 14 Cl N 3 O 2 Molar mass 279.72 g·mol−1 3D model (JSmol )
C1COCCN1C2=NC(=O)N(C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl
InChI=1S/C13H14ClN3O2/c14-10-1-3-11(4-2-10)17-9-12(15-13(17)18)16-5-7-19-8-6-16/h1-4H,5-9H2
Key:IQHYCZKIFIHTAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Imepitoin (INN ), sold under the brand name Pexion , is an anticonvulsant which is used in veterinary medicine in Europe to treat epilepsy in dogs.[1] [2] [3] [4] It was recently[when? ] approved in the United States .[2] [3] [4] The drug also has anxiolytic effects.[1] [2] It was originally developed to treat epilepsy in humans, but clinical trials were terminated upon findings of unfavorable metabolic differences in smokers and non-smokers.[1] [2]
Imepitoin acts as a low-affinity (4,350–5,140 nM; relative to Ki = 6.8 nM for diazepam and Ki = 1.7 nM for clonazepam ) partial agonist of the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor (up to 12–21% of the maximal potentiation of diazepam, a full agonist of this site).[1] It is the first partial agonist to be approved for the treatment of epilepsy.[1] The drug also dose-dependently blocks voltage-gated calcium channels .[3] It is not a benzodiazepine ; instead, it is an imidazolone , and bears some structural similarities to hydantoin anticonvulsants like ethotoin and phenytoin .[1]
See also [ ]
Separation anxiety in dogs § Benzodiazepine treatment
References [ ]
Anticonvulsants (N03 )
GABAergics
GABAA R PAMs
Barbiturates : Barbexaclone
Metharbital
Methylphenobarbital
Pentobarbital
Phenobarbital #
Primidone ; Carbamates : Cenobamate
Felbamate ; Benzodiazepines : Clobazam
Clonazepam
Clorazepate
Diazepam #
Lorazepam #
Midazolam
Nimetazepam
Nitrazepam
Temazepam ; Others: Bromide (potassium bromide , sodium bromide )
Imepitoin
Paraldehyde
Stiripentol
GABA-T inhibitors Others
Channel modulators
Sodium blockers Calcium blockers
Oxazolidinediones : Ethadione
Paramethadione
Trimethadione ; Succinimides : Ethosuximide #
Mesuximide
Phensuximide ; Gabapentinoids : Gabapentin
Pregabalin ; Others: Imepitoin
Lamotrigine #
Topiramate
Zonisamide
Potassium openers
Others
CA inhibitors
Sulfonamides : Acetazolamide
Ethoxzolamide
Sultiame
Topiramate
Zonisamide
Others
Albutoin
Beclamide
Cannabidiol
Etiracetam
Levetiracetam
Perampanel
# WHO-EM
‡ Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials :
† Phase III
§ Never to phase III
Anxiolytics (N05B )
5-HT1A R agonists GABAA R PAMs
Benzodiazepines : Adinazolam
Alprazolam
Bromazepam
Camazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
Clobazam
Clonazepam
Clorazepate
Clotiazepam
Cloxazolam
Diazepam #
Ethyl loflazepate
Etizolam
Fludiazepam
Halazepam
Ketazolam
Lorazepam #
Medazepam
Nordazepam
Oxazepam
Pinazepam
Prazepam ; Others: Alpidem ‡
Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital )
Carisoprodol
Carbamates (e.g., meprobamate )
Chlormezanone ‡
Ethanol (alcohol)
Etifoxine
Imepitoin ; Herbs:
Kava
Skullcap
Valerian
Gabapentinoids (α2 δ VDCC blockers )
Gabapentin
Gabapentin enacarbil
Phenibut
Pregabalin
Antidepressants
SSRIs (e.g., escitalopram )
SNRIs (e.g., duloxetine )
SARIs (e.g., trazodone )
TCAs (e.g., clomipramine # )
TeCAs (e.g., mirtazapine )
MAOIs (e.g., phenelzine ); Others: Agomelatine
Bupropion
Tianeptine
Vilazodone
Vortioxetine
Sympatholytics (Antiadrenergics )
Alpha-1 blockers (e.g., prazosin )
Alpha-2 agonists (e.g., clonidine , dexmedetomidine , guanfacine )
Beta blockers (e.g., propranolol )
Others
Benzoctamine
Cannabidiol
Cycloserine
Fabomotizole
Hydroxyzine
Kanna
Lavender
Lorpiprazole
Mebicar
Mepiprazole
Nicotine
Opipramol
Oxaflozane ‡
Phenaglycodol
Phenibut
Picamilon
Selank
Tiagabine
Tofisopam
Validolum
# WHO-EM
‡ Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials :
† Phase III
§ Never to phase III
GABA A receptor positive modulatorsAlcohols
Butanol
Chloralodol
Chlorobutanol (cloretone)
Ethanol (alcohol) (alcoholic drink )
Ethchlorvynol
Isobutanol
Isopropanol
Menthol
Methanol
Methylpentynol
Pentanol
Petrichloral
Propanol
tert -Butanol (2M2P)
tert -Pentanol (2M2B)
Tribromoethanol
Trichloroethanol
Triclofos
Trifluoroethanol
Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Carbamates Flavonoids
Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin)
Apigenin
Baicalein
Baicalin
Catechin
EGC
EGCG
Hispidulin
Luteolin
Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin )
Wogonin
Imidazoles Kava constituents
Desmethoxyyangonin
Kavain
Methysticin
Yangonin
Monoureides Neuroactive steroids Nonbenzodiazepines Phenols
Fospropofol
Propofol
Thymol
Piperidinediones Pyrazolopyridines Quinazolinones Volatiles /gases
Acetone
Acetophenone
Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate
Aliflurane
Benzene
Butane
Butylene
Centalun
Chloral
Chloral betaine
Chloral hydrate
Chloroform
Cryofluorane
Desflurane
Dichloralphenazone
Dichloromethane
Diethyl ether
Enflurane
Ethyl chloride
Ethylene
Fluroxene
Gasoline
Halopropane
Halothane
Isoflurane
Kerosine
Methoxyflurane
Methoxypropane
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen
Nitrous oxide
Norflurane
Paraldehyde
Propane
Propylene
Roflurane
Sevoflurane
Synthane
Teflurane
Toluene
Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl ether
Others/unsorted
3-Hydroxybutanal
Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin )
Bromide compounds (e.g., lithium bromide , potassium bromide , sodium bromide )
Carbamazepine
Chloralose
Chlormezanone
Clomethiazole
DEABL
Dihydroergolines (e.g., dihydroergocryptine , , dihydroergotamine , ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine) )
Efavirenz
Etazepine
Etifoxine
Fenamates (e.g., flufenamic acid , mefenamic acid , niflumic acid , tolfenamic acid )
Fluoxetine
Flupirtine
Hopantenic acid
Lanthanum
Lavender oil
Lignans (e.g., 4-O-methylhonokiol , honokiol , magnolol , obovatol )
Loreclezole
Menthyl isovalerate (validolum)
Monastrol
Niacin
Niacinamide
Org 25,435
Phenytoin
Propanidid
Retigabine (ezogabine)
Safranal
Seproxetine
Stiripentol
(e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal) , tetronal , trional )
Terpenoids (e.g., borneol )
Topiramate
Valerian constituents (e.g., isovaleric acid , isovaleramide , valerenic acid , )
Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators: α-Pinene
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • GABA receptor modulators • GABA metabolism/transport modulators
Calcium
Potassium
Sodium
VGSCs
Blockers
Antiarrhythmics (class I): Ajmaline
Aprindine
Disopyramide
Dronedarone
Encainide
Flecainide
Lidocaine
Lorajmine
Lorcainide
Mexiletine
Moricizine
Pilsicainide
Prajmaline
Procainamide
Propafenone
Quinidine
Sparteine
Tocainide
Analgesics:
DSP-2230
Funapide
PF-05089771
Ralfinamide
Raxatrigine
Toxins: Conotoxins
Neosaxitoxin
Saxitoxin
Tetrodotoxin
Zetekitoxin AB
Others: Buprenorphine
Evenamide
Menthol (mint )
Safinamide
Tricyclic antidepressants
Activators
ENaC
Blockers
Amiloride
Benzamil
Triamterene
Activators
ASICs
Blockers
Amiloride
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Chloride
CaCCs
Blockers
Crofelemer
DIDS
Ethacrynic acid
Flufenamic acid
Fluoxetine
Furosemide
Glibenclamide
Mefloquine
Mibefradil
Niflumic acid
Activators
CFTR
Unsorted
Others
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Transient receptor potential channel modulators