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Visa requirements for Turkish citizens

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A Turkish passport

Visa requirements for Turkish citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Turkey. As of 16 July 2021, Turkish citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 111 countries and territories, ranking the Turkish passport 52nd in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

The tables indicate visa requirements for normal passport holders for tourism and other visiting purposes but do not imply entry for work, journalism, etc. Most of the countries below which are labelled as "not requiring visa", request a valid return ticket, documents for confirmed accommodation arrangements and evidence of adequate funds for self-support.

Visa requirements map[]

Visa requirements for holders of Turkish normal passports
  Republic of Turkey
  Visa free. With ID card to Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan and TRNC
  Visa issued upon arrival
  Electronic authorization or eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements[]

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
 Albania Visa not required[3] 90 days
 Algeria Visa required[4]
 Andorra Visa not required[5] 90 days
  • Because this country has no airport of its own, you need to arrive in France or Spain first and visas are required to enter into these countries.
 Angola Visa required[6]
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[7] 180 days
 Argentina Visa not required[8] 90 days
 Armenia eVisa / Visa on arrival[9] 120 days
 Australia Visa required[10]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).[11]
 Austria Visa required[12]
 Azerbaijan Visa not required[13][14] 90 days
  • ID card valid[15]
  • If staying more than 15 days, visitors staying outside hotels must register with local police.
 Bahamas Visa not required[16] 8 months
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[17] 14 days
  • May apply for eVisa.
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[18] 30 days
 Barbados Visa not required[19] 6 months
 Belarus Visa not required[20] 30 days
 Belgium Visa required[21]
 Belize Visa not required[22] 90 days
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[23][24] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[25]
 Bolivia Visa not required[26] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[27] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
 Botswana Visa not required[28] 90 days
 Brazil Visa not required[29] 90 days
 Brunei Visa not required[30] 30 days
 Bulgaria Visa required[31]
  • Visa not required if holding a valid visa for Croatia, Cyprus, Romania or a Schengen Member State.[32]
 Burkina Faso Visa required[33]
 Burundi Visa required[34]
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[35] 30 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.[36]
 Cameroon Visa required[37]
 Canada Visa required[38]
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[39]
 Central African Republic Visa required[40]
 Chad Visa required[41]
 Chile Visa not required[42] 90 days
 China Visa required[43]
 Colombia Visa not required[44] 180 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180-day stay within a one-year period
 Comoros Visa on arrival[45] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[46]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[47]
 Costa Rica Visa not required[48] 90 days
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[49] 3 months
  • eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.
 Croatia Visa required[50]
  • Visa not required if holding a valid visa for Bulgaria, Cyprus, Romania or a Schengen Member State.[51]
 Cuba Tourist Card required[52]
 Cyprus Visa required[53]
 Czech Republic Visa required[54]
 Denmark Visa required[55]
 Djibouti eVisa[56] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[57] 21 days
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[58] 90 days
 Ecuador Visa not required[59] 90 days
 Egypt Visa required[60]
  • Visa not required when travelling as part of the tourist group that consists of at least 10 persons.
  • Visa on arrival for Turkish citizens younger than 20 or older than 45 years or an EU residence permit.
 El Salvador Visa not required[61] 3 months
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[62]
 Eritrea Visa required[63]
 Estonia Visa required[64]
 Eswatini Visa not required[65] 30 days
 Ethiopia eVisa[66] up to 90 days
  • eVisa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport
 Fiji Visa not required[67] 4 months
 Finland Visa required[68]
 France Visa required[69]
 Gabon eVisa / Visa on arrival[70] 90 days
  • Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.[71]
 Gambia Visa not required[72] 90 days
 Georgia Visa not required[73] 360 days[74]
 Germany Visa required[76]
 Ghana Visa required[77]
 Greece Visa required[78]
 Grenada Visa required[79]
 Guatemala Visa not required[80] 90 days
 Guinea eVisa[81] 90 days
 Guinea-Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival[82] 30 days
 Guyana Visa required[83]
 Haiti Visa not required[84] 90 days
 Honduras Visa not required[85] 3 months
 Hungary Visa required[86]
 Iceland Visa required[87]
 India Visa required[88]
 Indonesia Visa not required[89] 30 days
  • Select ports of entry.
 Iran Visa not required[90] 3 months
 Iraq Visa required[91]
  • Visa not required for 15 days if arriving through Erbil International Airport or Sulaymaniyah International Airport.[92]
 Ireland Visa required[93]
  • May transit without a visa.[94]
  • National visa may be substituted with a UK C visa holders until October 2021. Entry permitted only if first point of entry to the Common Travel Area is in the UK.[95]
 Israel Visa required[96]
 Italy Visa required[97]
 Jamaica Visa not required[98] 90 days
 Japan Visa not required[99] 90 days
 Jordan Visa not required[100] 3 months
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[101] 30 days
 Kenya eVisa / Visa on arrival[102] 3 months
 Kiribati Visa required[103]
 North Korea Visa required[104]
 South Korea Visa not required[105] 90 days
 Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[106] 3 months
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[107] 30 days
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[108][109] 30 days
 Latvia Visa required[110]
 Lebanon Multiple-entry visa on arrival[111] 3 months
  • Extendable for 1 additional month
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 Lesotho eVisa[112][113]
 Liberia Visa required[114]
 Libya Visa required[115]
  • An authorization by the airport passport control is required when arriving without a visa.[115]
 Liechtenstein Visa required[116]
 Lithuania Visa required[117]
 Luxembourg Visa required[118]
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[119] 90 days
 Malawi eVisa[120][121] 90 days
 Malaysia Visa not required[122] 3 months
 Maldives Visa on arrival[123] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[124]
 Malta Visa required[125]
 Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[126] 90 days
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[127]
 Mauritius Visa not required[128] 90 days
 Mexico Electronic Authorization System[129] 180 days
  • 180 days visa free if holding a valid visa for Canada, Japan, USA, United Kingdom or a Schengen Member State.[130]
 Micronesia Visa not required[131] 30 days
 Moldova Visa not required[132] 90 days
 Monaco Visa required[134]
 Mongolia Visa not required[135] 30 days
 Montenegro Visa not required[136] 90 days
 Morocco Visa not required[137] 3 months
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[138] 30 days
 Myanmar eVisa[139] 28 days
  • eVisa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports or via land border crossings with Thailand — Tachileik, Myawaddy and Kawthaung or India — Rih Khaw Dar and Tamu.
  • eVisa is available for tourism only.
 Namibia Visa on arrival[140]
 Nauru Visa required[141]
   Nepal Visa on arrival[142] 90 days
 Netherlands Visa required[143]
 New Zealand Visa required[144]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[145]
 Nicaragua Visa not required[146] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[147]
 Nigeria Visa required[148]
 North Macedonia Visa not required[149] 60 days
 Norway Visa required[150]
 Oman Visa not required[151] 14 days
 Pakistan Electronic Travel Authorization[152]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for tourism purposes.[153]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[154]
  • Online Visa eligible.[155]
 Palau Visa on arrival[156] 30 days
 Panama Visa not required[157] 180 days
 Papua New Guinea Visa required[158]
 Paraguay Visa not required[159] 90 days
 Peru Visa not required[160][161] 183 days
 Philippines Visa not required[162][163] 30 days
 Poland Visa required[164]
 Portugal Visa required[165]
 Qatar Visa not required[166] 90 days
 Romania Visa required[167]
  • Visa not required if holding a valid visa for Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or a Schengen Member State.[168]
 Russia eVisa[169] 16 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive and departure via 29 checkpoints[170]
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[171] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[172] 3 months
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[173] 6 weeks
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[174] 1 month
 Samoa Entry Permit on arrival[175] 60 days
 San Marino Visa required[176]
 São Tomé and Príncipe Visa not required[177] 15 days[178][179]
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[180]
 Senegal Visa on arrival[181] 90 days
 Serbia Visa not required[182] 90 days
 Seychelles Visitor's Permit on arrival[183] 3 months
 Sierra Leone Visa on arrival[184]
 Singapore Visa not required[185] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa required[186]
 Slovenia Visa required[184]
 Solomon Islands Visa required[187]
 Somalia Visa on arrival[188] 30 days
  • Available at Bosaso Airport, Galcaio Airport and Mogadishu Airport.
 South Africa Visa not required[189] 30 days
 South Sudan Electronic Visa[190]
  • Obtainable online[191]
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel[192]
 Spain Visa required[193]
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[194] 30 days
 Sudan Visa on arrival[195] 1 month
  • Only if arriving directly from Turkey.
 Suriname E-tourist card[196] 90 days
  • Multiple entry eVisa is also available.[197]
 Sweden Visa required[198]
  Switzerland Visa required[199]
 Syria Visa required[200][201][202][203]
 Tajikistan Visa on arrival[204] 45 days
  • At Dushanbe International Airport.
  • Visa also available online.
  • E-visa holders can enter through all border points.[205]
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[206][207] 3 months
 Thailand Visa not required[208] 30 days
  • Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[209] 30 days
 Togo Visa on arrival[210] 7 days
 Tonga Visa on arrival[211] 31 days
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[212] 90 days
 Tunisia Visa not required[213] 3 months
 Turkmenistan Visa required[214]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[215] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[216] 3 months
 Ukraine Visa not required[218] 90 days
 United Arab Emirates Visa required[220]
 United Kingdom Visa required[222]
  • Transit Visa Required, unless other exemptions apply for Visa-free Direct Airside Transit.[223]
 United States Visa required[224]
 Uruguay Visa not required[225] 90 days
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[226] 30 days
 Vanuatu Visa not required[227] 30 days
  Vatican City Visa required[228]
 Venezuela Visa not required[229] 90 days
 Vietnam Visa required[230]
  • Prearranged visa obtained online through travel agencies available at Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Phu Quoc[231] or Da Nang airports.
  • Phú Quốc without a visa for up to 30 days.[232]
 Yemen Visa required[233]
 Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[234] 90 days
 Zimbabwe eVisa / Visa on arrival[235] 3 months

Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories[]

Visa requirements for Turkish citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Africa
  •  Egypt Visa on arrival if provided being aged 45 years and above or 18 years and below or residence permit issued by Australia, Canada, USA and an EU Member state.[citation needed]
  •  Eritrea (outside Asmara) — visa covers Asmara only; to travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[236]
  •  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara controlled territory) — Visa not required up to 3 months.[237]
  •  Somaliland — Visa issued on arrival (30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival also permission from the federal government of Somalia is required).[238]
  •  Sudan — All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.[239]
  • Sudan Darfur — Separate travel permit is required.[239]
Asia
  •  Hong Kong — Visa not required for 90 days.[240]
  •  India — Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Mizoram, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[241][242][243]
  •  Kazakhstan — Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[244]
  • Iran Kish Island — Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[245]
  •  Macao — Visa not required for 30 days.[246]
  • Malaysia Sabah and Sarawak — These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[247]
  • Maldives Maldives — With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[248]
  •  North Korea outside Pyongyang – People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
  •  Palestine — Visa not required. Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[249]
  •  Taiwan — Visa on arrival for 30 days. Also eligible for an eVisa.[250]
  • Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province — OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[251][252][253]
  •  Turkmenistan — A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[254]
  • China Tibet Autonomous Region — Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[255][256]
  • United Nations Korean Demilitarized Zone — restricted zone.
  • United Nations UNDOF Zone and Ghajar — restricted zones.
  • Vietnam Phú Quốc — can visit without a visa for up to 30 days.[232]
  •  Yemen — Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[257]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
  •  Anguilla — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Canada, USA or United Kingdom visa.[258]
  •  Aruba — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[259]
  • Netherlands Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[260]
  •  Bermuda — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US, UK or Canada visa.[261]
  •  British Virgin Islands — Visa not required - 30 days.[262]
  •  Cayman Islands — Visa required. Possible to visit with US Green Card if arriving directly from USA.[263]
  •  Colombia — Visitors arriving at San Andrés must buy tourist cards on arrival.[264]
  •  Curacao — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit .[265]
  •  Montserrat — Visa required - eVisa Application Possible. Possible to visit with a multiple entry EU Member State, Canada or USA visa.[266]
  •  Greenland — Visa required.[267]
  • Venezuela Margarita Island — All visitors are fingerprinted.[268]
  •  Puerto Rico — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US visa [269]
  •  Saint Barthelemy — Visa required. Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[270]
  •  Saint Martin — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[270]
  •  Saint Pierre and Miquelon — Visa required. Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[270]
  •  Sint Maarten — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[271]
  •  Turks and Caicos Islands — Visa not required [272]
  •  U.S. Virgin Islands — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US visa [273]
Europe
  •  Abkhazia — Visa required.[274]
  •  Artsakh — Visa required (issued for single entry for 21 days/1/2/3 months or multiple entry visa for 1/2/3 months).[275][276]
    Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[277]
  • Flag of the Greek Orthodox Church.svg Mount Athos — Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[278][279]
  •  Republic of Crimea — Visa regime of Russia is applied.[280]
  •  Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus — unlimited access;.[281] ID card valid[282]
  • United Nations UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus — Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.[283]
  •  Faroe Islands — Visa required.[284]
  •  Gibraltar — Visa required.[285]
  •  Guernsey – Visa required.[286]
  • Guernsey  Alderney – Visa required.[286]
  • Guernsey  Sark – Visa required.[286]
  •  Isle of Man — Visa required.[287][288]
  • Norway Jan Mayen — Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[289] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[290]
  •  Jersey – Visa required.[291]
  •  Kosovo — Visa free for 90 days.[292]
  • Russia Closed cities and regions in Russia — special authorization required.[293]
  •  South Ossetia — Visa free. Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[294][295]
  •  Transnistria — Visa free. Registration required after 24h.[296]
Oceania
  •  American Samoa — Visa required (entry permit).[297]
  • Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands — special authorisation required.[298]
  • France Clipperton Island — special permit required.[299]
  •  Cook Islands — Visa free access for 31 days.[300]
  • Fiji Lau Province — Special permission required. If you are traveling to the Lau group of islands by yacht, you need special permission from your first port of entry into Fiji.[301]
  •  French Polynesia — Visa required.[270]
  •  Guam — Visa required.[302]
  •  New Caledonia — Visa required.[270]
  •  Niue — Visa on arrival valid for 30 days is issued free of charge.[303]
  •  Northern Mariana Islands — Visa required.[304]
  •  Pitcairn Islands — 14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.[305][306][307]
  •  Tokelau — Visa required (entry permit).[308]
  • United States United States Minor Outlying Islands — special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[309][310][311][312][313][314][315]
  •  Wallis and Futuna — Visa required. Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[270]
South America
  • Bandera Provincia Galápagos.svg Galápagos — Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[316]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
  •  Falkland Islands — Visitor Permit valid for 4 weeks is issued on arrival.[317]
  •  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
    •  Ascension Island — eVisa for 3 months within any year period.[318][319]
    •  Saint Helena — eVisa.[320][321]
    •  Tristan da Cunha — Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[322]
  •  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands — Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[323][324]
  • Antarctica and adjacent islands — special permits required for  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[325][326][327][328][329][330][331][332][333][334][335]
  •  Arab League — Certain countries will deny access to holders of Israeli visas or passport stamps of Israel because of the Arab League boycott of Israel.

Non-ordinary passports[]

In addition to countries that provide visa-free access to all Turkish passport holders, holders of diplomatic or service Turkish passports have visa-free access to the following additional countries:

Type of passport Visa-free access
Diplomatic passports only Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burundi, Chad, Ghana, Guinea, India, Liberia, Mali, Mexico, Niger, Nigeria, Uganda, United Kingdom, Zimbabwe
Diplomatic, special and service passports Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Cape Verde, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kuwait, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malta, Mauritania, Monaco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands (including the Caribbean), Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,[336] Rwanda, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Vatican City, Vietnam, Yemen

Bahrain, Burkina Faso, Cambodia and South Sudan allow holders of diplomatic, official, service and special passports issued to nationals of any country to obtain a visa on arrival. Yemen allows holders of diplomatic and service passports of Turkey to obtain a visa on arrival.

Some of the countries that exempt Turkish citizens from visa requirement offer longer period of stay or more beneficial terms to diplomatic or service passport holders than to the ordinary passport holders.

Consular protection of Turkish citizens abroad[]

Map of countries with Turkish representations

There are 142 resident embassies, 89 consulates and Total of 235 states that recognise Turkey.

See also List of diplomatic missions of Turkey.

Non-visa restrictions[]

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. ( | )

Blank passport pages[]

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[337] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination[]

An International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis is required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever
Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic

Many African countries, including Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Niger, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Togo, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[338] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[339]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[340][341]

An increasing number of countries have been imposing additional COVID-19 related health restrictions such as quarantine measures and testing requirements. Many countries increasingly consider the vaccination status of travellers with regard to quarantine requirements or when deciding to allow them entry at all.[342] This is justified by research that shows that the efficacy of the Pfizer vaccine lasts for six months or so.[343]

Passport validity length[]

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[344] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[345] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru.[346] Philippines,[347] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[348]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[349] and South Africa.

Other countries, such as Japan,[350] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[351] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

A very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a passport valid on arrival.

Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[352][353] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[354]

Criminal record[]

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[355] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata[]

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[356]

Israeli stamps[]

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[357] Lebanon,[358] Libya,[359] Syria,[360] and Yemen[361] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity[]

Main articles: Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan, Armenia–Azerbaijan relations, and Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Entry Permit to Nagorno-Karabakh issued in Yerevan as a stand-alone document rather than a visa affixed in a passport

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan,[362][363][364] Armenian citizens and other foreign nationals of Armenian descent are likely to encounter difficulties when attempting to enter the Republic of Azerbaijan.[365][366][367]

Azerbaijan bans visits by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[367] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[368] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[369] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Biometrics[]

See also: Countries applying biometrics
A fingerprint scanner at Dulles International Airport collects biometric data on visitors, which can be used for confirming identities.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[370]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[371][372] Argentina,[373] Brunei, Cambodia,[374] China,[375] Ethiopia,[376] Ghana, Guinea,[377] India, Japan,[378][379] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[380] Malaysia upon entry and departure [381], Mongolia, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[382] Singapore, South Korea,[383] Taiwan, Thailand,[384] Uganda,[385] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),[386][387][388] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[389]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[390] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[391][392] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[393] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[394][395]


See also[]

  • Visa policy of Turkey
  • Turkish passport
  • Foreign relations of Turkey

References and Notes[]

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  393. ^ Roberts, Jeff John (12 September 2016). "Homeland Security Plans to Expand Fingerprint and Eye Scanning at Borders". Fortune. Fortune Media IP Limited. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Unlike with documents, it’s very hard for a traveler to present a forged copy of a fingerprint or iris. That’s why the U.S. Department of Homeland Security plans to vastly expand the amount of biometric data it collects at the borders. According to Passcode, a new program will ramp up a process to scan fingers and eyes in order to stop people entering and exiting the country on someone else’s passport.
  394. ^ "Singapore tests eye scans at immigration checkpoints". Reuters. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Singapore has started scanning travellers’ eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.
  395. ^ Lee, Vivien (6 August 2018). "5 Reasons We Prefer Iris Scans To Fingerprint Checks At Our Borders In Singapore". Retrieved 24 April 2019. The iris technology could potentially scan irises covertly, as opposed to the scanning of thumbprints which necessitates active participation.
Notes
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