1969 Australian federal election

1969 Australian federal election

← 1966 25 October 1969 1972 →
All 125 seats of the House of Representatives 63 seats were needed for a majority
First party Second party   Leader John Gorton Gough Whitlam Party Liberal/Country coalition Labor Leader since 10 January 1968 8 February 1967 Leader's seat Higgins (Vic.) Werriwa (NSW) Last election 82 seats 41 seats Seats won 66 seats 59 seats Seat change 16 18 Percentage 49.80% 50.20% Swing 7.10% 7.10%
Popular vote by state and territory with graphs indicating the number of seats won. As this is an IRV election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote by state or territory but instead via results in each electorate.
Prime Minister before election John Gorton Liberal/Country coalition Subsequent Prime Minister John Gorton Liberal/Country coalition

The 1969 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 25 October 1969. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition government, led by Prime Minister John Gorton, won the election with a severely diminished majority over the opposition Labor Party, led by Gough Whitlam despite losing the two party popular vote. Both major parties had changed their leaders in the run-up to the election, the first time this had occurred since 1946. This was the first and only time that a Federal Government won a ninth consecutive term in office.

This election saw the arrival of future Prime Minister of Australia Paul Keating in Parliament, winning the safe Labor division of Blaxland in suburban Sydney - a seat he would represent until his resignation following the Keating Government's electoral defeat in 1996.

Issues[]

The 1969 election centred on the two leaders, John Gorton and Gough Whitlam. Both were leading their respective parties in an election for the first time. Gorton had initially been very popular and was promoted as an "average Aussie bloke". This image was boosted by his record of wartime service and his craggy, battered appearance (the result of a wartime injury). However, he gradually gained a reputation for being erratic and unnecessarily confrontational. By the time of the 1969 election campaign, his attempts to alter long-standing Liberal Party policies with regard to federal–state powers, and foreign affairs had alienated the more conservative sections of the Liberal Party and various state Liberal leaders, such as Henry Bolte and Bob Askin.

Whitlam, by contrast, had reformed Labor and abandoned unpopular policies such as the once-dominant White Australia Policy, as well as the commitment to socialism still held by many members on the left of the party. He presented a sleek and modern image which was able to win over new voters to his cause with a policy platform including free university education and universal health insurance.^[1] Whitlam had also managed to restore and heal the party's image as an electable alternative, something that had been impossible after the Labor Party split in 1955. Under his leadership, Whitlam had also attracted back many Catholic voters who had previously dumped Labor due to its infighting and factionalism. In addition, although the Coalition had won the biggest majority government in Australian history in 1966, it was increasingly seen as becoming tired and unfocused after 20 years in power. There were also growing concerns over Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War. The ALP thus went into the election with a good chance of increasing its small caucus.

Despite a Coalition campaign depicting Labor as a party dominated and controlled by union bosses, the result was very close. Labor became the biggest single party in the House, taking 59 seats—an 18-seat swing from 1966. It also won a bare majority of the two-party-preferred vote, winning 50.2 percent to the Coalition's 49.8 percent—a 7.1-point swing from 1966, the largest not to have resulted in a change of government. However, largely due to the Democratic Labor Party preferencing against Labor, especially in Victoria, Whitlam came up four seats short of toppling the Coalition.^[2] Nonetheless, Whitlam recovered much of what Labor had lost in its severe defeat three years earlier, and put the party within striking distance of winning government three years later.

Results[]

House of Reps (IRV) — 1969–72—Turnout 94.97% (CV) — Informal 2.54%

Party			Votes	%	Swing	Seats	Change
	Labor		2,870,792	46.95	+6.97	59	+18
	Liberal–Country coalition		2,649,219	43.32	–6.66	66	–16
		Liberal	2,125,987	34.77	–5.37	46	–15
		Country	523,232	8.56	–1.28	20	–1
	Democratic Labor		367,977	6.02	–1.29	0	0
	Australia		53,646	0.88	+0.88	0	0
	Pensioner Power		7,706	0.13	+0.13	0	0
	Social Credit		5,156	0.08	+0.08	0	0
	Communist		4,920	0.08	–0.32	0	0
	Independents		141,090	2.53	+1.08	0	–1
	Total		6,114,118			125	+1
Two-party-preferred (estimated)
	Liberal–Country coalition		Win	49.80	–7.10	66	–16
	Labor			50.20	+7.10	59	+18

Seats changing hands[]

• Members listed in italics did not contest their seat at this election.

See also[]

• 1967 Australian Senate election
• 1970 Australian Senate election
• Candidates of the Australian federal election, 1969
• Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1969–1972
• Don's Party

Notes[]

References[]

• University of WA election results in Australia since 1890
• AEC 2PP vote
• Prior to 1984 the AEC did not undertake a full distribution of preferences for statistical purposes. The stored ballot papers for the 1983 election were put through this process prior to their destruction. Therefore, the figures from 1983 onwards show the actual result based on full distribution of preferences.