AM-251
1-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N -(1-piperidyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide
CAS Number PubChem CID IUPHAR/BPS ChemSpider UNII ChEBI ChEMBL CompTox Dashboard (EPA ) ECHA InfoCard 100.162.062 Formula C 22 H 21 Cl 2 I N 4 O Molar mass 555.24 g·mol−1 3D model (JSmol )
O=C(NN1CCCCC1)c4nn(c2ccc(Cl)cc2Cl)c(c3ccc(I)cc3)c4C
InChI=1S/C22H21Cl2IN4O/c1-14-20(22(30)27-28-11-3-2-4-12-28)26-29(19-10-7-16(23)13-18(19)24)21(14)15-5-8-17(25)9-6-15/h5-10,13H,2-4,11-12H2,1H3,(H,27,30)
Y Key:BUZAJRPLUGXRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Y
AM-251 is an inverse agonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. AM-251 is structurally very close to rimonabant ; both are cannabinoid receptor antagonists . In AM-251, the p -chloro group attached to the phenyl substituent at C-5 of the pyrazole ring is replaced with a p -iodo group. The resulting compound exhibits slightly better binding affinity for the CB1 receptor (with a Ki value of 7.5 nM) than rimonabant, which has a Ki value of 11.5 nM, AM-251 is, however, about two-fold more selective for the CB1 receptor when compared to rimonabant.[1] Like rimonabant, it is additionally a μ-opioid receptor antagonist[2] that attenuates analgesic effects.[3]
AM251 has shown an in vitro antimelanoma activity against pancreatic and colon cancer cells.[4]
See also [ ]
Discovery and development of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Antagonists
References [ ]
^ Lan R, Liu Q, Fan P, Lin S, Fernando SR, McCallion D, et al. (February 1999). "Structure-activity relationships of pyrazole derivatives as cannabinoid receptor antagonists". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry . 42 (4): 769–76. doi :10.1021/jm980363y . PMID 10052983 .
^ Seely KA, Brents LK, Franks LN, Rajasekaran M, Zimmerman SM, Fantegrossi WE, Prather PL (October 2012). "AM-251 and rimonabant act as direct antagonists at mu-opioid receptors: implications for opioid/cannabinoid interaction studies" . Neuropharmacology . 63 (5): 905–15. doi :10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.046 . PMC 3408547 . PMID 22771770 .
^ Seely, Kathryn A.; Brents, Lisa K.; Franks, Lirit N.; Rajasekaran, Maheswari; Zimmerman, Sarah M.; Fantegrossi, William E.; Prather, Paul L. (October 2012). "AM-251 and rimonabant act as direct antagonists at mu-opioid receptors: Implications for opioid/cannabinoid interaction studies" . Neuropharmacology . 63 (5): 905–915. doi :10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.046 . PMC 3408547 . PMID 22771770 .
^ Carpi, Sara; Fogli, Stefano; Romanini, Antonella; Pellegrino, Mario; Adinolfi, Barbara; Podestà, Adriano; Costa, Barbara; Da Pozzo, Eleonora; Martini, Claudia; Breschi, Maria Cristina; Nieri, Paola (August 26, 2015). "AM251 induces apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in A375 human melanoma cells" (PDF) . Anticancer Drugs . 26 (7): 754–62. doi :10.1097/CAD.0000000000000246 . PMID 25974027 . S2CID 205526223 . Archived (PDF) from the original on July 2, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2021 .
Cannabinoids
Phytocannabinoids
Cannabichromenes Cannabicyclols Cannabidiols Cannabielsoins Cannabigerols Cannabinols and cannabinodiols Cannabitriols Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinols Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinols
Delta-9-THC (THC)
THCH
THCP
THCV
Miscellaneous cannabinoids Active metabolites
Endocannabinoids
Arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA; anandamide)
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)
2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether (2-AGE; noladin ether)
2-Oleoylglycerol (2-OG)
N-Arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA)
N-Arachidonylglycine (NAGly)
N-Arachidonoyl serotonin (AA-5-HT)
Docosatetraenoylethanolamide (DEA)
Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI)
Oleamide
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA)
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)
RVD-Hpα
Stearoylethanolamide (SEA)
O-Arachidonoyl ethanolamine (O-AEA; virodhamine)
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists / neocannabinoids
Classical cannabinoids (dibenzopyrans) Non-classical cannabinoids Adamantoylindoles Benzimidazoles Benzoylindoles
AM-630
AM-679
AM-694
AM-1241
AM-2233
GW-405,833 (L-768,242)
Pravadoline
RCS-4
WIN 54,461
Cyclohexylphenols Eicosanoids
ACEA
ACPA
Methanandamide (AM-356)
O-1812
Hydrocarbons Indazole carboxamides Indazole-3- carboxamides Indole-3-carboxamides Indole-3-carboxylates Naphthoylindazoles Naphthoylindoles Naphthoylpyrroles Naphthylmethylindenes Naphthylmethylindoles Phenylacetylindoles Pyrazolecarboxamides Pyrrolobenzoxazines Quinolinyl esters Tetramethylcyclo- propanoylindazoles Tetramethylcyclo- propanoylindoles
A-796,260
A-834,735
FUB-144
UR-144
XLR-11
XLR-12
Tetramethylcyclo- propylindoles Others
Allosteric CBR ligands Endocannabinoid enhancers (inactivation inhibitors) Anticannabinoids (antagonists/inverse agonists/antibodies)
AM-251
AM-630
AM-6545
BML-190
Drinabant (AVE1625)
Hemopressin
Ibipinabant (SLV319)
JTE-907
LY-320,135
MK-9470
NESS-0327
O-1918
O-2050
Otenabant (CP-945,598)
PF-514273
PipISB
PSB-SB-487
Rimonabant (SR141716)
Rosonabant (E-6776)
SR-144,528
Surinabant (SR147778)
Taranabant (MK-0364)
TM-38837
VCHSR
See also: Cannabinoid receptor modulators (cannabinoids by pharmacology)
List of: AM cannabinoids
JWH cannabinoids
Designer drugs § Synthetic cannabimimetics
Receptor (ligands )
CB1
Agonists (abridged; see here for more) : 2-AG
2-AGE (noladin ether)
11-Hydroxy-THC
α-Amyrin · β-Amyrin
AB-CHMINACA
AM-1220
AM-1221
AM-1235
AM-2201
AM-2232
Anandamide
AZ-11713908
Cannabinol
CB-13
CP 47,497
CP 55,940
Dimethylheptylpyran
DEA
ECG
EGCG
Epicatechin
Gallocatechol (gallocatechin)
Honokiol
HU-210
JWH-007
JWH-015
JWH-018
JWH-073
Kavain
L-759,633
Levonantradol
Menabitan
Nabilone
Nabitan
NADA
O-1812
Oleamide
Pravadoline
Serinolamide A
THC (dronabinol)
UR-144
WIN 55,212-2
Yangonin
Antagonists: AM-251
AM-6545
Cannabidiol
Cannabigerol
Drinabant
Falcarinol (carotatoxin)
Hemopressin
Ibipinabant
LY-320,135
MK-9470
NESS-0327
O-2050
Otenabant
PF-514273
PipISB
Rimonabant
Rosonabant
Surinabant
Taranabant
THCV
TM-38837
VCHSR
Virodhamine
CB2
Agonists: 2-AG
2-AGE (noladin ether)
3,3'-Diindolylmethane
4-O-Methylhonokiol
α-Amyrin · β-Amyrin
A-796,260
A-834,735
A-836,339
AM-1221
AM-1235
AM-1241
AM-2232
Anandamide
AZ-11713908
Cannabinol
Caryophyllene
CB-13
CBS-0550
CP 55,940
GW-405,833 (L-768,242)
GW-842,166X
HU-308
JTE 7-31
JWH-007
JWH-015
JWH-018
JWH-133
L-759,633
L-759,656
Magnolol
MDA-19
Nabitan
NADA
Olorinab (APD-371)
PF-03550096
S-444,823
SER-601
Serinolamide A
UR-144
Tedalinab
THC (dronabinol)
THCV
Virodhamine
Antagonists: 4-O-Methylhonokiol
AM-630
BML-190
Cannabidiol
Honokiol
JTE-907
SR-144,528
WIN 54,461
WIN 56,098
NAGly (GPR18 )
Agonists: Abnormal cannabidiol
ACPA
AM251
Anandamide
Cannabidiol
NADGly
THC (dronabinol)
O-1602
GPR55
Agonists: 2-AGE (noladin ether)
Abnormal cannabidiol
AM-251
CP 55,940
Lysophosphatidylinositol
O-1602
Oleoylethanolamide
Palmitoylethanolamide
THC (dronabinol)
GPR119 Unsorted
Transporter (modulators )
eCBTs
Inhibitors:
AM-404
Arachidonoyl serotonin
Cannabidiol
Guineensine
LY-2183240
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
URB-597
VDM-11
Enzyme (modulators )
FAAH MAGL
Inhibitors:
IDFP
JZL-184
JZL-195
MAFP
URB-602
ABHD6 ABHD12
Inhibitors: Betulinic acid
Maslinic acid
MAFP
Oleanolic acid
Orlistat (tetrahydrolipstatin)
Ursolic acid
Others
Precursors: Phosphatidylethanolamine
NAPE
Diacylglycerol
Others: (directly potentiates activity of 2-AG at CB1 receptor)
(FAAH-like anandamide transporter inhibitor)
See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
Cannabinoids (cannabinoids by structure)
MOR DOR KOR NOP
Agonists:
Buprenorphine
Cebranopadol
Dihydroetorphine
Etorphine
Levomethorphan
Levorphanol
MCOPPB
NNC 63-0532
Nociceptin (orphanin FQ)
Norbuprenorphine
Racemethorphan
Racemorphan
Ro64-6198
SR-16435
Antagonists:
AT-076
BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094)
J-113,397
JTC-801
SB-612,111
Thienorphine
Unsorted
β-Casomorphins
Amidorphin
Cytochrophin-4
Gliadorphin (gluteomorphin)
Gluten exorphins
Hemorphins
Kava constituents
NEM
Neoendorphins
Nepetalactone (catnip )
Rubiscolins
Others
Enkephalinase inhibitors : Amastatin
Candoxatril
D -Phenylalanine
Ecadotril (sinorphan)
Kelatorphan
Racecadotril (acetorphan)
RB-101
RB-120
RB-3007
Selank
Semax
Spinorphin
Thiorphan
Tynorphin
Ubenimex (bestatin)
Propeptides: β-Lipotropin (proendorphin)
Prodynorphin
Proenkephalin
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
Others: Kyotorphin (met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)